USHKUBS  OF  FLORIDA., 


A  HANDBOOK  OF  THE 

NATIVE  AND  NATURALIZED 

SHRUBS  OF  FLORIDA 


BY 

JOHN    KUNKEL   SMALL,   PH.D.,  Sc.D. 

HEAD    CURATOR    OF    THE    MUSEUMS    AND     HERBARIUM    OF    THE    NEW    YORK    BOTANICAL    GARDEN 


NEW  YORK 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  AUTHOR 
1913 


Copyright,  1913 
By  JOHN  KXTNKEL  SMALL 


»IE  NEW  ER»   PRINTING  < 

LANCASTER.  PA. 


PREFACE. 


This  handbook  contains  descriptions  of  all  the  shrubs  known  to  the 
author  to  grow  naturally  in  the  state  of  Florida.  In  this  connection  woody 
annuals  are  not  considered  shrubs;  but  trees  which  assume  shrubby  forms 
or  which  in  some  localities  occur  only  as  shrubs,  are  included,  as  also 
woody  vines. 

The  state  is  very  irregular  in  outline,  but  it  may  primarily  be  divided 
into  two  major  districts.  One  consists  of  a  rather  narrow  strip  of  terri- 
tory extending  east  and  west  for  a  distance  of  nearly  four  hundred  miles. 
The  other,  a  peninsula  with  adjacent  islands,  together  with  the  Florida 
Keys,  projects  southward  into  a  eastern  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  for  a 
distance  of  fully  four  hundred  miles.  In  the  first  district  shrubs  char- 
acteristic of  a  temperate  climate  predominate.  In  the  peninsula  the 
temperate  species  give  place  to  those  characteristic  of  subtropical  regions, 
while  at  the  southern  end  of  the  peninsula,  especially  on  the  Everglade 
Keys  and  beyond  the  peninsula  on  the  Florida  Keys,  shrubs  of  a  tropical 
character  replace  other  forms. 

The  geographic  position  of  Florida  with  its  temperate,  subtropical,, 
and  tropical  climates,  and  the  varied  topography  of  its  surface,  col- 
lectively result  in  the  occurrence  of  a  remarkably  large  shrub  flora. 

The  state  of  Florida  may  be  divided  into  a  score  of  natural  geographic 
regions,  but  in  giving  the  distribution  of  the  shrubs  on  the  following 
pages,  a  more  comprehensive  subdivision  of  the  two  major  districts  is 
used.  The  several  abbreviations  employed  in  connection  with  the  distribu- 
tion of  the  shrubs  are  as  follows : 

Ala Alabama.  n northern. 

Cont Continental.  Nat Native. 

E East.  pen peninsula  or  peninsular. 

e eastern.  s southern. 

E.  Keys Everglade  Keys,  subtrop subtropical. 

Eu Europe.  trop tropical. 

F.  Keys Florida  Keys.  W West. 

Fla Florida.  w western. 

Ga Georgia.  W.  I West  Indies. 

m middle. 

These  abbreviations  are  self-explanatory,  except  perhaps  those  given 
in  parentheses.  These  indicate  the  extralimital  distribution  of  the  species : 
for  example,  "  Ga."  and  "  Ala."  indicates  that,  outside  of  Florida,  a  species 


iv  PEEFACE. 

grows  only  in  the  one  or  the  other  of  the  adjacent  states,  Georgia  and 
Alabama,  while  "Cont"  indicates  that  a  plant  is  more  widely  distributed 
and  also  occurs  in  other  parts  of  the  North  American  mainland.  Like- 
wise "  W.  I."  means  that  the  plant  is  found  in  the  West  Indies. 

The  specimens  upon  which  this  study  is  based  are  in  the  collections  of 
the  New  York  Botanical  Garden,  and  the  exploration  carried  on  in  tropical 
Florida  under  the  auspices  of  that  institution  has  made  possible  a  more 
complete  record  of  tropical  shrubs  from  Florida  than  has  heretofore 
appeared. 

J.  K  SMALL. 

THE  NEW  YORK  BOTANICAL  GARDEN, 
September  4,  1913. 


CONTENTS. 


Key  to  the  Orders vii— x 

Descriptive  Flora  1-132 

List  of  Genera  and  Species  published  in  this  Flora 133 

Index   134 


KEY   TO   THE   ORDEKS. 


OTUles,  and  seeds,  borne  on  the  face  of  a  bract  or  a  scale :  stigmas  wanting. 

Class  1.  GYMNOSPEHMAE. 
Ovules,  and  seeds,  in  a  closed  cavity  (ovary)  :  stigmas  present. 

Class  2.  ANGIOSPERMAB. 

1.  Gymnospermae. 

Plants  growing  by  a  single  terminal  bud,  with  pinnate  leaves  circinate  In  verna- 
tion :  embryo  prolonged  into  a  spiral.  Order  CYCADALBS. 

Plants  growing  by  lateral  as  well  as  by  terminal  buds,  with  scale-like,  flat  or  needle- 
like  leaves  not  circinate :  embryo  not  prolonged  into  a  spiral.  Order  PINALES. 

2.  Angiospermae. 

Cotyledon  1 :  stem  endogenous.  Subclass  1.  MONOCOTYLEDONS  s. 

Cotyledons  normally  2:  stem  exogenous  (with  rare  exceptions). 

Subclass  2.  DICOTYLEDONES. 

1.     MONOCOTYLEDONES. 

Perianth  rudimentary  or  wanting  :  flowers  in  the  axils  of  dry  or  chaffy  bracts  (scales). 

Order  POALES. 

Perianth  of  2  distinct  series  :  flowers  not  in  the  axils  of  dry  or  chaffy  bracts. 
Leaf-blades  pinnately  or  palmately  lobed,  or  compound :  ovules  solitary  in  each 
carpel-cavity.  Order  ARECALES. 

Leaf-blades  narrow,  entire  or  essentially  so,  simple :  ovules  many  in  each  carpel- 
cavity.  Order  LILIALES. 


2.     DICOTYLEDONES. 


Corolla  wanting 


ting. 

Calyx  wanting,  at  least  in  the  staminate  flowers. 
Fruit  1-seeded :  seeds  without  tufts  of  hairs. 

Gynoecium   1-carpellary :   stigma   1 :   ovule  laterally  attached   and   amphi- 
tropous.  Order  LEITNERIALES. 

Gynoecium  2-carpellary :  stigmas  2 :  ovule  erect  and  orthotropous  or  pen- 
dulous and  anatropous. 
Pistillate  flowers  without  a  calyx :  ovule  erect  and  orthotropous. 

Order  MYRICALES. 

Pistillate  flowers  with  a  calyx :  ovule  pendulous  and  anatropous. 
Leaf-blades  simple. 

Fruit  a  nut  or  an  achene.  Corylaceae  in  Order  FAGALES. 

Fruit  a  drupe.  Oleaceae  in  Order  OLEALES. 

Leaf-blades  compound :  fruit  a  samara.     Oleaceae  In  Order  OLEALES. 
Fruit  many-seeded  :  seeds  each  with  a  tuft  of  hairs.  Order  SALICALES. 

Calyx  present  at  least  in  the  staminate  or  in  the  perfect  flowers. 
Flowers,  at  least  the  staminate,  in  aments,  or  ament-like  spikes. 

Pistillate  flowers  separate  at  maturity :  fruit  a  nut  or  an  achene. 

Order  FAGALES. 
Pistillate  flowers  forming  aggregate  fruits :  fruit  drupe-like. 

Artocarpaceae  In  Order  URTICALES. 
Flowers,  at  least  the  staminate,  not  in  aments. 
Ovary  superior. 

Gynoecium    of   1    or   several    and   distinct   carpels :    stigma    and   style 

solitary. 
Carpel  solitary. 

Style  lateral  and  oblique.     Petiverlaceae  In  Order  CHEXOPODIALES. 
Style  axile,  erect. 

Ovary  neither  enclosed  nor  seated  in  a  hypanthium  or  a 

calyx-tube. 

Ovary  enclosed  in  or  seated  in  a  hypanthium  or  a  calyx- 
tube. 
Stamens  borne  under  the  gynoeclum. 

Pisoniaceae  in  Order  CHENOPODIALES. 
Stamens   borne   on    the   hypanthium    or   adnate    to   the 
calyx-tube.  Order  THYMELEALES. 

Carpels  several. 

Stamens  inserted  below  the  ovary.     Families  in  Order  RAXALES. 
Stamens  inserted  on  the  edge  of  a  cup-shaped  hypanthium. 

Rosaceae  In  Order  ROSALES. 
vii 


viii  KEY  TO  THE  OEDEES 

Gynoecium  of  2  or  several  united  carpels :  stigmas  or  styles  2  or  several- 
Ovary,  by  abortion,  1-celled  and  1-ovuled. 

Leaves  with  sheathing  stipules   (ocreae).  Order  POLYGONALES^ 

Leaves  estipulate,  or  if  stipules  are  present  they  are.  not  sheathing. 
Trees  or  erect  shrubs. 

Anthers  opening  by  slits :  ovary  not  seated  in  a  hypanthium. 
Ulmaceae  in  Order  UBTICALES. 

Anthers    opening    by    hinged    valves :    ovary    seated    in    an. 
accrescent  hypanthium. 

Lauraceae  in  Order  THYMELEALES. 

Woody  vines.  Pisoniaceae  in  Order  CHENOPODIALES. 

Ovary  several-celled,  or  with  several  placentae,  several-ovuled. 

Stamens  hypogynous,  inserted  under  the  gynoecium  in  the  perfect 

flowers,  not  on  a  disk  in  the  pistillate  flowers. 
Gynoecium  5-carpellary,  the  carpels  nearly  distinct. 

Buettneriaceae  in  Order  MALVALES. 
Gynoecium  2^i-carpellary,  the  carpels  united. 
Ovary  4-celled :  fleshy  maritime  shrubs. 

Batidaceae  in  Order  CHEXOPODIALJSS. 
Ovary  2-celled :   plants  not  fleshy. 

Oleaceae  in  Order  OLEALES. 
Stamens    perigynous    or    epigynous,    inserted    on   the   margin   of    » 

hypanthium  or  a  disk. 

Fruit  a  samara.  Families  in  Order  SAFINDALES. 

Fruit  not  a  samara.  Order  RHAMNALES^ 

Ovary  inferior. 

Flowers  not  in  involucre  heads. 

Fruit  3-winged,  splitting  into  3  nutlets.     Gouania  in  Order  RHAMNALES. 
Fruit  neither  3-winged  nor  splitting  into  carpels. 
Fruit  a  berry  or  a  drupe,  or  nut-like. 

Calyx  deciduous  as  a  lid :  stamens  numerous. 

Chytraculia  in  Order  MYBTALES. 
Calyx  of  valvate  or  imbricated  sepale :  stamens  few. 

Stamens   as    many   as   the    perianth-members   and    alternate 
with  them,  or  fewer. 

Nyssaceae  In  Order  AMMIALES. 
Stamens    as    many    as    the    perianth-members    and    opposite 

them,  or  twice  as  many. 

Ovules  mostly  on  basal  placentae,  sometimes  pendulous : 
cotyledons  not   convolute :   tree-  or  root-parasites. 

Order  SANTALALES. 

Ovules  not  on  basal  placentae :  cotyledons  convolute :  not 
parasitic  plants.  Families  in  Order  MYRTALES. 

Fruit  a  capsule. 

Calyx  regular  and  the  sepals  half  as  many  as  the  cavities  in  the 

ovary,  or  irregular.  Order  ARIST9LOCHIALES. 

Calyx  regular  and  the  sepals   as  many  as  the  cavities  in   the 

ovary.  Order  MYKTALES. 

Flowers,  at  least  the  staminate,  in  involucrate  heads. 

Ambrosiaceae  in  Order  CAEDUALES. 
Corolla  present. 

Petals  distinct,  at  least  at  the  base. 

Carpels  solitary,  or  several  and  distinct,  or  united  only  at  the  base. 
Stamens  at  the  base  of  the  receptacle,  i.  e.,  hypogynous. 

Order  RANALES. 
Stamens  on  the  margin  of  a  hypanthium   (the  hypanthium  very  small  in 

some  Saxif ragaceae) . 

Plants  without  secreting  glands  in  the  bark.  Order  ROSALES. 

Plants  with  secreting  glands  in  the  bark. 

Surianaceae  in  Order  GERANIALES.. 
Carpels  several  and  united. 
Ovary  superior. 

Stamens  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  ovary  or  receptacle. 
Stamens  numerous. 
Sepals  imbricated. 

Calyx  deciduous.  Order  PAPAVERALES. 

Calyx  persistent. 

Leaves  glandular  or  pellucid-punctate. 

Rutaceae  in  Order  GERANIALES. 
Leaves  not  glandular. 

Placentae  parietal  :  gynoecium  with  a  1-celled  ovary, 
Capparidaceae  in  Order  PAPAVERALES. 
Placentae    axile    or    central :    gynoecium    with    a    2- 
several-celled  ovary,  (or  with  distinct  carpels.) 

Theaceae  in  Order  HYPERICALES. 
Sepals  valvate. 

Stamens  with  distinct  filaments. 

Ovary  1-celled :  placentae  parietal. 

Capparidaceae  in  Order  PAPAVERALES, 


KEY  TO  THE  OKDEKS  ix 

Ovary  2-several-celled  :  placentae  axile  or  central. 

Families  In  Order  MALVALBS. 

Stamens  with  united  filaments.  .         Order  MALVALES. 

Stamens  few,  not  over  twice  as  many  as  the  petals. 
Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals  and  opposite  them. 

Buphorbiaceae  in  Order  EUPHOBBIALES. 
Stamens   as  many  as  the   petals  and  alternate  with  them,   or 

more,  sometimes  twice  as  many. 
Stamens  6  :  petals  4  :  sepals  2  or  4. 

Families  in  Order  PAPAVERALES. 
Stamens,  petals  and  sepals  of  the  same  number,  or  stamens 

more,  usually  twice  as  many  as  the  sepals  or  petals. 
Ovary  1-celled. 

Ovules,  or  seeds,  on  basal  or  central  placentae. 

Families  in  Order  CHENOPODIALES. 
Stamens  -with  free  and  distinct  iilaments. 

Tamaricaceae  in  Order  HYPEEICALES. 
Stamens  with  partially  united  filaments  and  usu- 
ally adnate  to  the  corolla. 

Styracaceae  in  Order  EBENALES. 
Ovules  or  seeds  on  parietal  placentae. 

Stamens  with  united  filaments  and  no  staminodia. 
Families  in  Order  MALVALES. 
Stamens  with  distinct  filaments. 

Families  in  Order  HTPEHICALES. 
Ovary  several-celled. 

Stamens  with  wholly  or  partly  united  filaments. 

Families  in  Order  GEEANIALES. 
Stamens  with  distinct  filaments. 
Anthers  opening  by  pores. 

Families  in  Order  EEICALES. 
Anthers  opening  by  slits. 

Stigmas   or  styles   distinct   and  cleft,   or  foli- 
aceous,  or  united  by  pairs. 

Order  EUPHORBIALES. 
Stigmas    or   styles    all    distinct   or   all   united, 

neither    cleft   nor   foliaceous. 
Stamens  2.         Oleaceae  in  Order  OLEALES. 
Stamens  more  than  2. 

Leaves  with  compound  blades. 

Families  in  Order  GEBANIALES. 
Leaves  with  simple  blades. 

Ovule  solitary  in  each  carpel. 

Families  in  Order  GERANIALES. 
Ovules  2  or  more  in  each  carpel. 

Tiliaceae  in  Order  MALVALES. 
Stamens  inserted  on  the  margin  of  a  disk  or  hypanthium   (perigynous 


hypogynous). 
ens  fewer  t 


Stamens  fewer  than  the  sepals  or  the  petals. 

Hippocrateaceae  in  Order  SAPINDALES. 
Stamens  as  many  as  the  sepals  or  the  petals,  or  more. 
Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals  and  opposite  them. 

Order  RHAMNALES. 
Stamens   as   many   as  the  petals  and  alternate  with  them,   or 

more  or  many. 
Styles  distinct. 

Upper  part  of  the  ovaries  distinct,  at  least  at  maturity. 
Iteaceae  in  Order  ROSALES. 

Upper  part  of  the  ovaries  united.         Order  SAPINDALES. 
Styles  united. 

Hypanthium  flat  or  obsolete  :  disk  fleshy. 

Plants  without  secreting  glands  in  the  bark. 

Order  SAPINDALES. 
Plants  with  secreting  glands  in  the  bark. 

Families  in  Order  GERANIALES. 

Hypanthium    cup-shaped    or   campanulate  :    disk    obsolete 
or  inconspicuous. 

Order  MYBTALES. 
Ovary  inferior. 

Stamens  numerous. 

Styles  distinct.  Families  in  Order  ROSALES. 

Styles  united. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  not  succulents,  sometimes  woody  vines. 
Hypanthium  not  produced  beyond  the  ovary. 

Hydrangeaceae  in  Order  ROSALES. 
Hypanthium  produced  beyond  the  ovary. 

Families  in  Order  MTRTALES. 

Shrubs    with    partly    succulent    stems    and    branches    and    rudi- 
mentary or  obsolete  leaves,  usually  spiny. 

Order  OPUNTIALES. 


KEY  TO  THE  OEDEKS 

Stamens  not  more  than  twice  as  many  as  the  petals. 
Styles  distinct.    • 

Ovules  several  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary :  fruit  a  capsule  or 
a  fleshy  many-seeded  berry.  Families  in  Order  ROSALBS. 

Ovules  solitary  in  each   cavity  of  the  ovary  :   fruit  a   drupe  or 
2-5  more  or  less  united  achenes.  Order  AMMIALES. 

Styles  united,  or  single. 
Plants  without  tendrils. 

Ovary  enclosed  in  or  surpassed  by  the  hypanthium  or  adnate 

to  it. 
Anther-sacs  opening  by  pores. 

Vacciniaceae  in  Order  ERICALES. 
Anther-sacs  opening  by  slits. 

Ovules  solitary  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary. 

Order  AMMIALES. 
Ovules  several  in  each  cavity. 

Families  in  Order  MYRTALES. 
Ovary  exceeding  the  hypanthium,  the  top  free. 

Hydrangeaceae  in  Order  ROSALES. 

Plants  with  tendrils.  Rhamnaceae  in  Order  RHAMXALES. 

Petals  more  or  less  united. 
Ovary  superior. 

Stamens  free  from  the  corolla. 

Gynoecium  of  a  single  carpel.  Families  in  Order  ROSALES. 

Gynoecium  of  several  united  carpels. 

Styles  wanting  or  very  short :  stigma  sessile. 

Aquifoliaceae  in  Order  SAPINDALES. 

Styles  elongate.  Families  in  Order  ERICALES. 

Stamens  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla. 

Stamens  as  many  as  the  lobes  of  the  corolla  and  opposite  them,  or 

twice  as  many  or  more.  Order  EBENALES. 

Stamens  as  many  as  the  lobes  of  the  corolla  and  alternate  with  them, 

or  fewer. 

Gynoecium  of  3-6  carpels.  Aquifoliaceae  in  Order  SAPINDALES. 

Gynoecium  of  2  carpels. 

Carpels  distinct,  except  sometimes  at  the  apex. 

Order  ASCLEPIADALES. 
Carpels  united. 

Ovary  1-celled,  with  central  placentae.     Order  GEXTIANALES. 
Ovary  2-celled  or  falsely  4-celled,  or  if  1-celled  with  parietal 

placentae. 
Stamens  2  and  opposite  each  other,   or  3. 

Order  OLEALES. 
Stamens  usually  4  or  5,  if  2  by  reduction  not  opposite 

each  other. 

Leaves  with  stipules  or  stipular  lines  at  their  bases. 
Spigeliaceae  in  Order  GENTIANALES. 
Leaves  with  no  traces  of  stipules. 

Order  POLEMONIALES. 
Ovary  inferior. 

Stamens  with  the  filaments  free  from  the  corolla. 

Stamens   10 :   anther-sacs  opening  by  terminal   pores   or  chinks. 

Vacciniaceae  in  Order  ERICALES. 
Stamens  5  or  fewer :  anther-sacs  opening  by  longitudinal  slits. 

Order  CAMPANULALES. 
Stamens  adnate  to  the  corolla. 

Ovary  with  2-many  fertile  cavities  and  2-many  ovules  :  calyx  unmodi- 
fied, at  least  not  a  pappus  :  flowers  not  in  involucrate  heads. 
Ovules  mostly  on  basal  placentae :  plants  parasitic. 

Order  SANTALALES. 

Ovules  variously  borne,  but  not  on  a  basal   placenta  :   plants  not 

parasitic  Order  RUBIALES. 

Ovary  with  one  fertile  cavity :  calyx  a  pappus  of  scales  or  bristles  : 

flowers  in  involucrate  heads.  Order  CARDDALES. 


SHRUBS  OF  FLORIDA. 


Subkingdom  SPERMATOPHYTA.    SEED  PLANTS. 
Plants  producing  flowers  and  seeds.    A  seed  contains  an  embryo 
consisting  of  a  short  stem  (radicle  or  caulicle),  one,  two,  or  several 
rudimentary  leaves  (cotyledons),  and  a  terminal  bud  (plumule). 

Ovules,  and  seeds,  borne  on  the  face  of  a  scale  :  stigma  wanting.       I.  GYMNOSPERMAE. 
Ovules,  and  seeds,  borne  in  a  closed  cavity   (ovary)  :  stigma 

present.  II.  ANGIOSPERMAE. 

CLASS  I.    GYMNOSPERMAE.    CONE  PLANTS. 

Carpel,  or  pistil,  represented  by  a  scale  upon  the  face  of  which 
the  ovules  are  borne  and  on  which  the  seeds  mature. 

Plant  growing  by  a  terminal  bud  :  leaves  circinate :  blades  pinnate.          1.  CYCADALES/ 
Plant  growing  by  terminal  and  lateral  buds :  leaves  not  circinate ; 

blades  not  pinnate.  2.  FINALES. 

Order  CYCADALES. 

Palm-like  or  fern-like  plants.  Leaves  in  a  crown :  blades  pinnate. 
Flowers  in  cones  of  approximate  scales  or  on  small  modified  leaves. 
Staminate  cones  with  scales  bearing  pollen-sacs.  Ovulate  cones  with  two 
or  more  ovules  on  each  scale.  Seed  drupe-like  or  nut-like. 

FAMILY  1.     CYCADACEAE.     SAGO-PALM  FAMILY. 

Dioecious  plants  with  subterranean  or  erect  stems.  Leaves  spreading : 
leaflets  with  one  or  several  ribs  or  veins.  Staminate  cones  deciduous. 
Ovulate  leaves  or  cones  persistent.  Seeds  exposed  on  the  edges  of  the 
ovulate  leaf  or  enclosed  in  a  cone. 

1.  ZAMIA  L.  Fern-like  plants,  growing  in  sandy  soil.  Leaflets  jointed 
at  the  rachis,  with  parallel  veins.  Cones  stalked,  the  scales  peltate,  spiral,  the 
mature  pistillate  ones  erect. — COONTIE.  COMFORT-ROOT.  COMPTIE. 

Leaflets  10-16-veined :  fruiting  cones  12-16.5  cm.  long,  markedly  umbonate. 

1.  Z.  floridana 

Leaflets  20-28-veined  :  fruiting  cones  6.5-10.5  cm.  long,  scarcely  um- 
bonate. 2.  Z.  pumila. 

1.  Z.  floridana  DC.     Leaves  4-9  dm.  long;  leaflets  28-40,  the  blades  linear, 
9-14  cm.  long,  3-7  mm.  wide:   mature  ovulate  cones  oblong,  pubescent  with 
dark-brown  persistent  hairs,  the  seed-bearing  scales  thick. — FLORIDA-ARROWROOT. 

Dry  pinelands,  the  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys,  and  "flat  woods,"  s.  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

2.  Z.  pumila  L.     Leaves  shorter  than  those  of  Z.  floridana;  leaflets  32-44,  the 
blades  linear-oblanceolate  to   linear-oblong,   7-11   cm.  long,  8-16  mm.   wide: 

Shrubs  of  Florida — 1.  1 


2  JUNIPERACEAE. 

mature  ovulate  cones  elliptic,  tomentose  with  ferruginous,  partially  deciduous, 
hairs,  the  seed-bearing  scales  thin. 

Moist  hammocks  and  sand-dunes  m.  pen.  Pla.,  especially  on  the  e.  coast.     (W.  I.) 

Order  FINALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  scale-like  or  narrow,  or  needle-like  and  often 
borne  in  bundles.  Flowers  mainly  monoecious,  the  cones  of  spirally  imbri- 
cate bracts,  or  in  Taxaceae  the  ovulate  flowers  often  solitary.  Seeds  borne 
in  cones  of  dry  or  fleshy  scales,  or  wholly  or  partially  naked. 

FAMILY  1.    JUNIPERACEAE.     JUNIPER  FAMILY. 

Mostly  evergreen  often  slightly  resiniferous  shrubs  or  trees,  with 
fibrous,  shreddy  bark,  the  buds  naked.  Leaves  mainly  appressed  scales  or 
sometimes  subulate  and  spreading.  Ovulate  aments  with  bractless  scales. 
Ovules  erect.  Fruit  a  cone  of  dry  often  peltate,  scales,  or  baccate  or 
drupaceous.  Seed  wingless,  or  winged,  the  wing  a  portion  of  the  testa. 

1.  SABINA  Haller.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  scale-like,  except  on  young 
plants,  and  sometimes  on  twigs,  appressed,  often  imbricate,  each  with  a  gland 
in  the  back.  Staminate  aments  terminal  on  branchlets.  Ovulate  aments  with 
ovules  opposite  the  scales.  Cones  baccate.  Seeds  wingless. — CEDAR.  SAVIN. 

1.  S.  barbadensis  (L.)  Small.  A  shrub  or  small  tree:  scale-like  leaves  short 
and  rather  thick,  the  relatively  blunt  apex  closely  appressed:  staminate  aments 
4-5  mm.  long:  cones  ovoid  or  oval-ovoid,  3-4  mm.  long. — BARBADOS-CEDAR. 
SOUTHERN  RED-CEDAR. 

Low  sandy  places,  near  the  coast.    Absent  from  the  F.  Keys.    (Cont.,  W.  I.) — Spr. 

CLASS  II.    ANGIOSPERMAE. 

Carpel  or  pistil  a  closed  cavity  formed  by  the  uniting  of  the 
margins  of  a  rudimentary  leaf,  or  sometimes  of  several  leaves. 
Within  the  cavity  thus  formed  the  ovules  are  borne  and  the  seeds 
mature. 

Cotyledon  1 :  stem  endogenous :  leaf-blades  with  the  primary  or  lateral  veins  parallel. 

Subclass  1.  MOXOCOTYLEDONES. 
Cotyledons  typically  2  :  stem  exogenous  :  leaf-blades 

with  the  veins  netted.  Subclass  2.  DICOTYLEDONES. 

SUBCLASS  1.    MONOCOTYLEDONES. 

Stems  endogenous,  with  no  distinction  into  bark,  wood,  and 
pith,  consisting  of  a  ground-mass  of  soft  tissue  (parenchyma)  in 
which  strands  or  bundles  of  wood-cells  are  irregularly  distributed. 
Leaves  mostly  alternate,  sheathing  at  the  base:  blades  usually 
parallel-nerved,  entire  or  essentially  so,  rarely  separating  by  a 
manifest  articulation.  Perianth  and  essential  parts  of  the  flower 
usually  in  threes  or  sixes.  Embryo  with  a  single  cotyledon,  the 
early  leaves  always  alternate. 

Order  POALES. 

Mostly  perennial  caulescent  or  acaulescent  plants,  known  as  grasses  and 
sedges.  Stems  sometimes  conspicuously  jointed.  Leaves  alternate,  mostly 


AEECACEAE.  3 

sheathing  at  the  base :  blades  usually  narrow  and  elongate,  entire  or  nearly 
so.  Flowers  variously  disposed  in  a  simple  or  compound  inflorescence, 
perfect  or  rarely  monoecious  or  dioecious,  incomplete,  inconspicuous,  borne 
in  the  axils  of  chaffy  bracts  or  scales  (glumes).  Fruit  a  caryopsis  (grain) 
or  an  achene,  or  rarely  a  nut,  or  baccate. 

FAMILY  1.    POACEAE.    GRASS  FAMILY. 

A/unual  or  perennial  herbs,  or  rarely  shrubs  or  tree-like  plants. 
Stems  (culms)  usually  hollow,  the  nodes  closed.  Leaves  with  a  scarious 
ring  (ligule)  at  the  sheath-orifice.  Inflorescence  of  spikes,  racemes,  or 
panicles.  Spikelets  of  2-many  2-ranked  imbricate  bracts  (scales),  the 
upper  ones  bearing  a  flower  surrounded  by  a  bract-like  organ  (palet)  which 
is  placed  with  its  back  to  the  axis  (rachilla)  which  is  often  thickened  and 
appears  as  a  hard  projection  (callus)  at  the  base  of  the  scale.  Flowers 
perfect,  staminate,  or  pistillate.  Stamens  1-6,  rarely  more,  usually  3. 

1.  LASIACIS  A.  Hitchc.  Shrubs  with  erect  or  reclining  stems  and 
branches,  and  flat  leaf -blades.  Spikelets  very  thick,  often  globular,  paniculate, 
obliquely  articulated  to  the  pedicels.  Scales  4,  the  3  outer  papery,  shining, 
many-nerved,  usually  woolly  at  the  apex,  the  first  one  less  than  \  as  long  as  the 
spikelet:  fourth  or  fruiting  scale  bony-indurated,  woolly  at  the  apex,  enclosing 
a  palet  of  similar  texture  and  a  perfect  flower. 

1.  L.  divaricata  (L.)  A.  Hitchc.  Shrub  2-3  m.  tall,  the  stems  and  branches 
ascending  or  reclining:  leaves  numerous;  sheaths  overlapping,  ciliate  on  the 
margin;  blades  spreading  or  ascending,  glabrous,  acuminate,  the  larger  ones 
8-10  cm.  long,  13-35  mm.  wide:  panicle  1  dm.  long  or  less:  spikelets  4-5  mm. 
long,  the  first  scale  very  broad,  clasping  the  base  of  the  spikelet.  [Panicum. 
latifolwm  L.] — SMALL-CAXE. 

Hammocks,  coast  of  lower  pen.  Fla.,  E.  Keys,  and  F.  Keys.     (IF.  /.) 

Order  ARECALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  typically  with  a  single  terminal  bud,  but  the  stem 
sometimes  branching,  the  branches  erect  or  diffuse.  Leaves  at  the  end  of 
the  stem:  blades  plaited,  pinnate  or  flabellate.  Flowers  perfect,  poly- 
gamous, or  dioecious,  on  axillary  compound  spadices.  Perianth  of  6  fleshy 
members  in  2  series.  Androecium  of  6,  or  9-12  stamens.  Gynoecium  of 
3  distinct  or  united  carpels.  Fruit  drupaceous  or  baccate.  Seeds  usually 
hollow. 

FAMILY  1.    ARECACEAE.    PALM  FAMILY. 

Stem,  and  branches,  with  a  crown  of  leaves.  Leaf-blades  plaited, 
long-petioled.  Inflorescence  at  first  included  in  a  large  bract  (spathe), 
from  which  it  ultimately  protrudes. 

Flowers  perfect :  petals  valvate :  carpels  free  only  at  the  base :  style  slender,  at  least 

well  developed. 
Calyx  and  corolla  united  into  a  6-lobed  or  truncate  cup,  or  obsolete. 

1.    COCCOTHRINAX. 

Calyx  and  corolla  distinct  and  manifestly  In  2  series. 

Style  and  stigma  basal  on  the  drupe.  2.  SABAL. 

Style  and  stigma  terminating  the  drupe. 

Anthers  longer  than  wide  :  seed  elongate.  3.  SERBNOA. 

Anthers  didymous  :  seed  depressed.  4.  PAUHOTIS. 

'lowers  mostly   polygamo-dioecious :    petals   imbricate :    car- 
pels free  above  :  stigma  sessile.  5.  RHAPIDOPHYLLCM. 


4  ARECACEAE. 

1.  COCCOTHRINAX  Sarg.    Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees.    Leaves  with  flabel- 
late  blades  silvery  or  pale-scurfy  beneath,  and  smooth  petioles.     Spadix  rela- 
tively short.    Stamens  mostly  9 :    filaments  distinct  or  nearly  so.    Style  funnel- 
form.    Drupe  black  or  purple-black. 

1.  C.  argentea  (Lodd.)  Sarg.  A  shrub  or  small  tree.  Leaf -blades  2-4  dm. 
broad,  the  ligule  1-1.5  cm.  broad:  spadix  2-4  dm.  long:  mature  pedicels  1-2 
mm.  long:  drupe  7-10  mm.  thick. — SILVER-PALM. 

Pinelands  and  rarely  in  hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  SABAIi  Adans.     Unarmed  shrubs,  with  horizontal  or   contorted  root- 
stocks.     Leaves  upright:   blades  flabellate,  glabrous.     Spadix  upright  during 
anthesis. — Spr.-sum. — PALMETTO. 

Anthers  ovoid  :  filaments  thrice  as  long  as  the  anther  :  drupes  less  than  10  mm.  in 
diameter.  1.  S.  glabra. 

Anthers  oblong :  filaments  twice  as  long  as  the  anther :  drupes  over 

10  mm.  in  diameter.  2.  8.  Etonia. 

1.  S.  glabra  (Mill.)  Sarg.     Rootstock  straight  or  merely  curved.     Leaf-blades 
glaucous  or  pale-green,  scarcely  if  at  all  filiferous:  spadix  narrowly  branched, 
1—2  m.  long,  erect  or  ascending  at  maturity :   corolla-lobes  about  2  mm.  long : 
'seeds  5-6  mm.  broad. — DWARF-PALMETTO.    BLUE-STEM. 

Low  grounds,  along  or  near  streams,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  S.  Etonia  Swingle.    Eootstock  S-shaped.     Leaf-blades  deep-green,  copiously 
filiferous :  spadix  widely  branched,  5-8  dm.  long,  prostrate  at  maturity :  corolla- 
lobes  3-3.5  mm.  long:  seeds  10-13  mm.  broad.— SCRUB-PALMETTO. 

Finelands  and  inland  sand-dunes,  pen.  Fla.      (Endemic.) 

3.  SERENOA  Hook.     Armed  shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  upright  or  spread- 
ing: blades  flabellate,  cordate  at  the  base:  petioles  with  recurved  spines.    Sta- 
mens unequal,  those  opposite  the  petals  with  the  broader  filaments.    Drupe  and 
seed  oblong. 

1.  S.  serrulata  (Michx.)  Hook.  A  shrub  with  sparingly  branched  stems,  or  a 
tree,  the  trunk  9  m.  tall  or  less,  or  usually  horizontal:  leaf -blades  suborbicular, 
green  or  glaucous,  3-8  dm.  broad,  cordate  at  the  base ;  petioles  with  firm  spines : 
petals  4-4.5  mm.  long:  drupe  15-25  mm.  long. — SAW-PALMETTO. 

Pinelands,  hammocks,  and  low  savannas,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  on  the 
upper  F.  Keys.     Spr.  or  all  year  southward.     (Cont.) 

4.  PAUROTIS  O.  F.  Cook.     Armed  shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  spreading: 
blades  flabellate:    petioles  with  mostly  upcurved   spines.     Stamens   equal   or 
essentially  so,  the  filaments  broad.     Stigmas  terminal.     Drupe  globular.     Seed 
depressed. 

1.  P.  Wrightii  (Griseb.)  Britton.  A  shrub  with  many  stems,  or  a  tree,  the 
trunks  solitary  or  several,  12  m.  tall  or  less.  Leaf-blades  half-orbicular,  5-8 
dm.  broad,  truncate  at  the  base,  the  segments  slenderly  attenuate ;  petioles  with 
flat  orange  teeth:  petals  about  1  mm.  long:  drupe  8-10  mm.  thick. — SAW  CAB- 
BAGE-PALM. 

In  low  savannas  and  hammocks  in  the  Everglades  near  the  Chokoloskee  river  and 
in  the  vicinity  of  Cape  Sable.     (W.  I.) — Spr. 

5.  RHAPIDOPHYLLUM   H.  "Wendl.  &  Drude.     Armed  shrubs  or  trees. 
Leaves  upright:  blades  flabellate,  silvery  beneath:  petioles  rough-edged,  with 
sheaths  of  interwoven  spines  and  fibers.    Spadix  upright,  slightly  exserted  from 
the  imbricate  involucre.    Stigmas  introrse.    Drupe  of  an  ovoid  type. 


SMILACACEAE.  & 

1.  R.  Hystrix  (Eraser)  H.  Wendl.  A  shrub  with  erect  or  spreading  stems, 
the  rootstock  proliferous.  Leaf -blades  5-7  dm.  in  diameter,  scurfy  beneath: 
petals  ovate  or  orbicular:  filaments  surpassing  the  petals:  drupe  ovoid  or  oval- 
ovoid,  18-25  mm.  long,  red. — NEEDLE-PALM.  BLUE-PALMETTO. 

Low  hammocks,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr.-early  sum. 

Order  LILIALES. 

Herbs,  commonly  fleshy  or  grass-like,  or  vines  or  trees.  Leaves  with 
narrow  or  dilated  blades,  sometimes  scale-like  or  terete.  Flowers  perfect, 
polygamous,  or  dioecious,  complete,  mostly  regular.  Perianth  of  3-6  mem- 
bers which  are  usually  distinguishable  into  calyx  and  corolla,  sometimes 
partially  united.  Androecium  of  3-6  stamens.  Gynoecium  3-carpellary 
or  rarely  2-carpellary.  Ovary  superior  or  essentially  so.  Fruit  capsular 
or  baccate. 

FAMILY  1.     SMILACACEAE.     SMILAX  FAMILY. 

Perennial  armed  or  unarmed  vines.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  several- 
ribbed  and  netted- veined,  commonly  persistent:  petiole  usually  bearing  a 
pair  of  appendages.  Flowers  dioecious,  in  axillary  peduncled  umbels. 
Perianth  regular,  usually  green,  that  of  the  staminate  flowers  larg'er  than 
that  of  the  pistillate.  Calyx  of  3  sepals.  Corolla  of  3  petals.  An- 
droecium of  6  stamens.  Anthers  erect.  Gynoecium  3-carpellary.  Stigmas 
3,  sessile,  sometimes  elongate.  Fruit  a  berry  with  3  bands  of  strengthening 
tissue  in  the  pulp  connecting  the  base  and  apex. 

1.  SMILAX  L.  Stems  usually  greatly  elongate,  with  very  hard  wood,  and 
usually  armed  with  prickles.  Leaf-blades  leathery,  prominently  ribbed. 
Flowers  often  fragrant.  Perianth  green.  Berries  red,  blue,  or  black.  Vigorous 
shoots  often  bear  very  large  leaves. — Spr.-sum. — GREENBRIER.  HORSEBRIER. 

Peduncles  of  pistillate  plants  much  longer  than  the  subtending  petioles. 
Leaf-blades  glaucous  beneath. 

Blades  of  the  leaves,  or  bracts  subtending  the  peduncles,  little  longer  than 

broad  :  berries  about  8  mm.  in  diameter.  1.  8.  glauca. 

Blades  of  the  leaves,  or  bracts  subtending  the  pedun- 
cles, twice  or  thrice  as  long  as  broad :  berries  about 

10  mm.  in  diameter.  2.  8.  cinnamomifolia. 

Leaf-blades  green  on  both  sides. 

Peduncles  of  pistillate  plants  fully  twice  or  four  times 

as  long  as  the  petioles  during  anthesis.  3.  8.  Pseudo-China. 

Peduncles  of  pistillate  plants  barely  twice  as  long  as 

the  petioles.  4.  S.  Bona-Nox. 

Peduncles  of  pistillate  plants  shorter  than  the  petioles  or 

barely  surpassing  them. 
Leaf-blades  entire  or  merely  erose. 

Leaf-blades  neither  auricled  nor  dilated  at  the  base. 
Foliage  glabrous. 

Bracts  subtending  the  peduncles  with  blades 

rounded  or  cordate  at  the  base. 

Berries  black  or  bluish-black.  5.  S.  rotundifolia. 

Berries  red.  6.  8.  Waltcri. 

Bracts  subtending  the  peduncles  with  blades 
acute,  acuminate,  or  cuneate  at  the  base. 
Berries  red  :  leaf-blades  mostly  5-7-nerved. 
Leaf-blades    with    lustrous    upper    sur- 
face :  berries  4-6  mm.  in  diameter.  7.  8.  lanccolata. 
Leaf-blades    with    dull    upper    surface : 

berries  6-10  mm.  in  diameter.  8.  8.  Morongii. 

Berries  black :  leaf-blades  mostly  3-nerved.         9.  8.  laurifolia. 
Foliage  pubescent.  10.  8.  pumila. 

Leaf-blades  more  or  less  strongly  auricled  at  the  base.      11.  .S'.  Beyrichii. 
Leaf-blades  spiny-toothed.  12.  S.  havancnsis. 


6  SMILACACEAE. 

1.  S.  glauca  Walt.    Leaf -blades  broadly  ovate  or  orbicular-ovate,  3-9  cm.  long, 
rounded  or  cordate  at  the  base:   staminate  peduncles  mostly  less  than  2  cm. 
long:  pedicels  3-8  mm.  long:  sepals  and  petals  3.5-4  mm.  long:  anthers  mostly 
shorter  than  the  filaments:  berries  6-8  mm.  in  diameter:  seeds  mostly  4  mm. 
long  or  less. 

Sandy  thickets  and  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  S.  cinnamomifolia  Small.    Leaf-blades  lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  or  del- 
toid-ovate, 7-10  cm.  long,  cuneate  to  truncate  at  the  base:  staminate  peduncles 
mostly  over  3  cm.  long:   pedicels  7-12  mm.  long:   sepals  and  petals  4-5  mm. 
long :  anthers  mostly  shorter  than  the  filaments :  berries  10-12  mm.  in  diameter : 
seeds  mostly  5  mm.  long  or  more. 

Woods  and  rich  thickets,  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

3.  S.  Pseudo-China  L.    Leaf -blades  ovate  to  suborbicular,  green  on  both  sides, 
obtuse  or  cordate  at  the  base:  pistillate  peduncles  mostly  more  than  twice  the 
length  of  the  petioles:  pedicels  6-8  mm.  long:   sepals  and  petals  dark-green, 
those  of  the  staminate  flowers  about  5  mm.  long:  berries  4-6  mm.  in  diameter. 
— BAMBOO.     CHINA-BRIER. 

Dry  thickets  and  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

4.  S.  Bona-Nox  L.     Leaf -blades  broadly  ovate  to  hastate  or  fiddle-shaped,  3-12 
cm.  long,  sometimes  spinulose-margined,  truncate  or  cordate  at  the  base:  pistil- 
late peduncles  mostly  less  than  twice  the  length  of  the  petioles:  pedicels  4-8 
mm.  long:  sepals  and  petals  deep-green,  those  of  the  staminate  flowers  4-5  mm. 
long:  berries  4-6  mm.  in  diameter. — STRETCHBERRY. 

Hammocks  and  thickets,  nearly  throughout  n.  and  pen.  Fla.      (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

5.  S.  rotundifolia  L.     Leaf-blades  broadly  ovate  to  orbicular-ovate,  3-8  cm. 
long  (those  of  vigorous  shoots  suborbicular  and  much  larger),  abruptly  pointed, 
smooth-edged :  peduncles  of  the  pistillate  umbels  slightly  longer  than  the  petiole- 
like  bases  of  the  leaves:  pistillate  sepals  and  petals  bread,  less  than  4  mm. 
long:  anthers  oblong:  berries  bluish-black,  6-7  mm.  in  diameter. 

Thickets  and  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

6.  S.  Walter!  Pursh.    Leaf-blades  lanceolate  to  ovate,  5-12  cm.  long,  cuspidate 
at  the  apex,  smooth-margined:  pedicels  slightly  unequal,  4-6  mm.  long:  sepals 
and  petals  green,  those  of  the  staminate  flowers  linear,  6-8  mm.  long:  anthers 
lanceolate:  berries  coral-red,  6-8  mm.  in  diameter. 

Swamps  and  pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

7.  S.  lanceolata  L.     Leaf-blades  lanceolate  or  narrowly  ovate-lanceolate,  5-8 
cm.  long,  acute  to  acuminate,  lustrous  above,  dull-green  beneath,  smooth-mar- 
gined:  pedicels  very  unequal,  4-14  mm.  long:   sepals  and  petals  light-green, 
those  of  the  staminate  flowers  linear-spatulate,  about  4  mm.  long:  berries  dark- 
red,  4-6  mm.  in  diameter. 

Dry  woods  and  pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

8.  S.  Morongii  Small.     Leaf-blades  elliptic,  5-10  cm.  long,  abruptly  acute  or 
cuspidate  at  the  apex,  smooth-margined:   flowers  not  seen:  pedicels  6-8  mm. 
long:  berries  red,  6-10  mm.  in  diameter. 

Pinelands,  e.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

9.  S.  laurifolia  L.     Leaf -blades  elliptic,  oblong,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  or  rarely 
linear,  5-15  cm.  long,  acute  at  the  apex,  the  base  narrow:  sepals  and  petals  of 
the  staminate  flowers  5-6  mm.  long:  berries  ovoid  or  globose-ovoid,  4-6  mm. 
long,  commonly  white  during  the  first  year,  black  when  mature. 

Swamps  and  moist  thickets,  nearly  throughout  Fla.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

10.  S.  pumila  Walt.     Leaf -blades  ovate-oval  to  oblong,  5-10  cm.  long,  acute  or 
mucronate  at  the  apex,  pale-pubescent  beneath,  not  lobed,  cordate  at  the  base: 


LEITNERIACEAE.  7 

sepals  and  petals  of  the  staminate  flowers  3-5  mm.  long:  berries  ovoid,  5-8  mm. 
long,  red,  acute. 

Dry  pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Core*.) 

11.  S.  Beyrichii  Kunth.     Leaf-blades  ovate,  broadly  oblong,  suborbicular,  or 
pandurate,  2-12  cm.  long,  cuspidate  or  mucronate  at  the  apex,  or  retuse,  entire, 
more  or  less  auricled  or  dilated  at  the  base:  pedicels  4-8  mm.  long:  sepals  and 
petals  of  the  staminate  flowers  4-5  mm.  long:  berries  subglobose,  4—6  mm.  long. 

Woods,  thickets,  and  hammocks,  nearly  throughout  Fla.      (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

12.  S.    havanensis   Jacq.      Leaf-blades    oblong   to    orbicular-ovate,    2.5-5    cm. 
long,  spiny-toothed:  pedicels  1-2  mm.  long:  sepals  and  petals  of  the  staminate 
flowers  1-2  mm.  long:  berries  oval  or  ovoid,  4-6  mm.  long,  black. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W,  I.) 

SUBCLASS  2.    DICOTYLEDONES. 

Stems  exogenous,  consisting  of  pith,  wood,  and  bark  (endog- 
enous in  rare  eases)  :  pith  of  parenchymatous  cells:  wood  in  one  or 
several  layers  surrounding  the  pith,  traversed  by  medullary  rays: 
bark  covering  the  wood.  Leaves  various :  blades  mostly  pinnately 
or  palmately  veined,  their  bases,  or  the  bases  of  the  petioles  articu- 
lated. Perianth  and  essential  parts  of  the  flower  rarely  in  threes 
or  sixes.  Embryo  with  two  cotyledons.  The  first  leaves  (coty- 
ledons) are  opposite. 

Series  1.     CHORIPETALAE. 

Petals  separate  and  distinct  from  each  other,  or  wanting.  The 
series  embraces  most  of  the  families  formerly  included  in  the 
APETALAE  and  the  POLYPETALAE. 

Order  LEITNERIALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  with  exceedingly  light  wood.  Leaves  alternate. 
Flowers  dioecious,  in  aments  appearing  before  the  leaves,  the  staminate 
flowers  borne  on  the  base  of  each  bract:  perianth  wanting:  androecium  of 
3-12  stamens :  pistillate  flowers  each  with  a  minute  perianth :  gynoecium  a 
single  carpel,  the  stigma  introrse.  Ovule  solitary.  Fruit  a  collection  of 
drupes  each  subtended  by  a  bract. 

FAMILY  1.    LEITNEKJACEAE.    CORKWOOD  FAMILY. 

Bark  smooth,  brown.  Leaf -blades  entire.  Stipules  wanting.  Aments 
from  the  axils  of  last  year's  leaves.  Staminate  aments  many-flowered: 
filaments  short :  anthers  2-celled.  Pistillate  aments  few-many-flowered : 
ovary  sessile:  stigma  elongate.  Drupes  elongate. 

1.  LEITNEEIA  Chapm.  Leaves  scattered:  blades  shining  above,  petioled. 
Staminate  aments  conspicuously  bracted:  filaments  distinct.  Pistillate  aments 
inconspicuously  bracted:  ovary  shorter  than  the  stigma.  Drupes  glabrous, 
the  flesh  leathery. 

1.  L.  floridana  Chapm.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  7  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  nar- 
rowly elliptic,   oblong,   or  elliptic-lanceolate,   or   rarely   oval,   10-20   cm.   long, 


8  MYEICACEAE. 

pubescent  beneath:  staminate  aments  3^1  cm.  long,  the  bracts  acuminate: 
pistillate  aments  with  acute  bracts:  drupes  elliptic,  15-17  mm.  long. — CORK- 
WOOD. 

Salt  or  brackish  marshes,  near  Apalachicola.     (Cunt.) — Winter-spr. 

Order  MYRICALES. 

Shrubs  or  small  trees,  usually  aromatic.  Leaves  alternate :  blades 
simple,  sometimes  toothed  or  pinnatifid.  Flowers  dioecious  or  monoe- 
cious, the  staminate  in  long  aments,  each  flower  consisting  of  a  gynoecium 
of  2  united  carpels  on  a  bract  subtended  by  2  bractlets  and  surrounded  by' 
single  carpel,  the  stigma  introrse.  Ovule  solitary.  Fruit  a  cluster  of 
waxy. 

FAMILY  1.    MYRICACEAE.    BAYBERRY  FAMILY. 

Leaves  resinous-dotted.  Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  in  scaly 
aments.  Perianth  wanting.  Ovary  1-celled. 

1.  CEBOTHAMNUS  Tidestrom.  Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaf-blades  entire 
or  merely  toothed.  Pistillate  aments  not  bristly.  Nut  globose,  drupe-like, 
with  a  fleshy-waxy  epicarp. — Winter-spr. — BAYBERRY. 

Shrub,  2-6  dm.  tall,  with  woody  horizontal  underground  stems  (rootstocks). 

1.   G.  pumihts. 
Trees  or  shrubs,  1-12  m.  tall,  without  rootstocks. 

Stamens  3  or  4  :  nuts  2-3  mm.  in  diameter.  2.  C.  ceriferus 

Stamens  9  or  10  :  nuts  4-7  mm.  in  diameter. 

Leaf-blades   dull   above,   toothed,   usually   pubescent   and 

glandular  beneath.  3.  O.  carolincnsis. 

Leaf-blades  lustrous  above,  entire,  glabrous  and  dull  green 

beneath.  4.  C.  inottornx. 

1.  C.  pumilus  (Michx.)  Small.    Shrub  2-6  dm.  tall,  gregarious  from  horizontal 
rootstocks:  leaf -blades  obovate  to  linear-spatulate,  cuneate  at  the  base,  1.5-3 
cm.  long  or  rarely  larger,  commonly  toothed  near  the  apex:  staminate  aments 
5-8  mm.  long:   nuts  3.5-4  mm.  in  diameter. — DWARF  WAX-MYRTLE.     DWARF- 

CANDLEBERRY. 

Pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Gout.) 

2.  C.  ceriferus   (L.)   Small.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  12  m.  tall:  leaf -blades 
oblanceolate   to   oblong-oblanceolate,   3-10    em.   long,   toothed   or   individually 
entire:   staminate  aments  1-1.5  cm.  long:   nuts  2-3  mm.  in  diameter. — WAX- 
MYRTLE.     CANDLEBERRY. 

Swamps,  wet  woods,  pinelands,  and  hammocks,  nearly  throughout  Fla.    (Cont.,  IT.  7. ) 

3.  O.  carolinensis   (Mill.)  Tidestrom.     Shrub  1-3  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  elliptic, 
oblong,  oblanceolate  or  obovate,  2-10  em.  long,  shallowly  toothed  toward  the 
apex:  staminate  aments  1-1.5  em.  long:  nuts  4-5  mm.  in  diameter. — BAYBERRY. 

SWAMP-CANDLEBERRY. 

Moist  sandy  soil  or  swamps,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

4.  C.  inodorus  (Bart.)   Small.     Shrub,  or  tree  6  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  elliptic- 
obovate  or  sometimes  spatulate,  4-8  cm.  long,  entire:   staminate  aments  1-1.5 
cm.  long:  nuts  5-7  mm.  in  diameter. — ODORLESS  WAX-MYRTLE. 

About  pineland-pondsand  swamps,  n.  Fla.,  fromWakulla  county  westward.     (Cont.) 

Order  SALICALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  simple,  entire  or  toothed. 
Flowers  dioecious,  in  aments,  the  staminate  consisting  of  an  androecium 


SALICACEAE.  9 

of  2  or  more  stamens,  the  pistillate  consisting  of  a  gynoecium  of  2  or  4 
united  carpels.     Ovules  numerous.     Fruit  capsular. 

FAMILY  1.    SALICACEAE.    WILLOW  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees  with  soft  wood.  Leaf-blades  very  narrow  to  very 
wide.  Aments  erect  or  drooping,  the  bracts  mostly  ciliate  or  toothed. 
Capsules  narrowed  to  the  apex.  Seeds  usually  with  a  tuft  of  hairs. 

1.  SALIX  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  the  buds  with  a  single  scale. 
Leaf-blades  pinnately  veined,  relatively  short-petioled.  Stamens  2,  or  rarely 
1-7 :  anthers  yellow  or  reddish.  Ovary  stipitate :  stigmas  not  dilated.  — 
Winter-spr. — WILLOW. 

Capsules,  and  ovary,  glabrous,  stout-beaked. 
Leaves  with  narrow  blades  :  stamens  3-7. 
Leaf-blades  green  beneath. 

Bracts  of  the  pistillate  aments  obtuse :  fruiting  aments  usually  dense  :  cap- 
sules 3-4.5  mm.  long.  1.  8.  nigra. 
Bracts  of  the  pistillate  aments  acute  or  abruptly  pointed  : 

fruiting  aments  usually  lax :  capsules  4-5.5  mm.  long.      2.  S.  marginata. 
Leaf-blades  glaucous  beneath. 

Capsules  ovoid  in  outline,  not  veined,  the  body  globose 

or  ovoid.  3.  8.  longipes. 

Capsules  conic  in  outline,  veiny,  the  body  oblong  to  oval.         4.  8.  amphibia. 
Leaves  with  broad  blades  :  stamens  2.  5.  8.  floridana. 

Capsules,  and  ovary,  pubescent,  subulate-beaked.  6.  8.  tristis. 

1.  S.  nigra  Marsh.     Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  twigs  brown:   leaf -blades  nar- 
rowly lanceolate,  6-12  cm.  long,  acute  at  both  ends,  or  acuminate  at  the  apex, 
pale  beneath:  staminate  aments  with  finely  pubescent,  blunt  bracts:  capsules 
4  or  5  times  as  long  as  the  pedicels. — BLACK- WILLOW. 

River-banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  S.  marginata  Weimer.     Spreading  shrub  or  small  tree,  the  twigs  reddish: 
leaf-blades  mainly  oblong,  lanceolate,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  2-5  cm.  long,  mostly 
acute  or  blunt  at  the  apex,  cuneate  to  truncate  at  the  base:  staminate  aments 
with  densely  pubescent  acute  or  acutish  bracts:  capsules  about  twice  as  long 
as  the  pedicels. — GULF-WILLOW. 

River-swamps  and  low  grounds,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

3.  S.  longipes  Anders.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall,  the  twigs  gray  or 
gray-brown:     leaf -blades    narrowly    lanceolate,    10-15    cm.    long:     staminate 
aments  4-10  cm.  long,  the  bracts  finely  ciliate:  capsules  ovoid  in  outline,  3  or 
4  times  as  long  as  the  pedicels. — WARD  'S-WILLOW. 

Low  grounds,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

4.  S.  amphibia  Small.       Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  twigs  purplish  or  purple: 
leaf- blades  linear-lanceolate,  lanceolate,  or  oblong,  3-13  cm.  long:   staminate 
aments  1.5-5  cm.  long,  the  bracts  finely  pubescent:  capsules  conic  in  outline, 
about  3  times  as  long  as  the  pedicels. 

Wet  grounds  and  hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

5.  S.  floridana  Chapm.     Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  twigs  sparingly  pubescent: 
leaf-blades   oblong   to   oblong-lanceolate,   5-8    cm.   long,   or   larger   on   twigs, 
acute,    sharply    serrulate,    dark-green    above,    glaucous    beneath,    rounded    or 
truncate  at  the  base:  fruiting  aments  oblong-cylindric,  4-7  cm.  long:  capsules 
ovoid-conic,  6-8  mm.  long. 

River-banks,  w.  Fla.     (Ga.) 

6.  S.  tristis  Ait.    Shrub  usually  less  than  1  m.  tall,  the  twigs  mostly  grayish: 
leaf-blades   oblanceolate   to  linear-oblong,   2-5   cm.   long,   entire   or  undulate, 


10  BETULACEAE. 

hoary  on  both  sides:  staminate  aments  less  than  1  cm.  long:  capsules  5-6  mm. 
long. — DWARF  GRAY-WILLOW. 

Woods  and  banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Not  recently  collected  in  the  state. 

Order  FAGALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  simple.  Flowers  monoe- 
cious or  rarely  dioecious,  at  least  the  staminate  borne  in  aments,  the  pis- 
tillate sometimes  with  an  involucre  which  becomes  a  bur  or  cup  in  fruit. 
Calyx  usually  present.  Corolla  wanting.  Fruit  a  nut  or  rarely  a  samara. 

Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  in  aments :  fruit  not  with  a  bur  or  a  cup. 

Staminate  flowers  solitary  in  the  axil  of  each  bract,  without  a  calyx :  pistillate 

flowers  with  a  calyx.  Fam.  1.  COBYLACEAE. 

Staminate  flowers  2-3  together  in  the  axil  of  each  bract, 

each  with  a  calyx :  pistillate  flowers  without  a  calyx.        Fam.  2.  BETULACEAE. 
Staminate   flowers   in   aments :    pistillate   often   solitary,   the 

involucre  becoming  a  bur  or  cup.  Fam.  3.  FAGACEAE. 

FAMILY  1.     CORYLACEAE.    HAZEL-NUT  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  wood  close-grained.  Leaves  deciduous:  blades 
mostly  doubly  toothed.  Staminate  aments  drooping,  with  each  bract  sub- 
tending one  flower,  the  calyx  wanting.  Pistillate  aments  not  drooping, 
each  bract  bearing  2  or  3  pistils,  the  involucre  of  a  bract  and  2  scales. 
Fruit  consisting  of  one  or  more  accrescent  bracts  each  subtending  or  inclos- 
ing 1,  2  or  3  nuts. 

Fruiting  bracts  flat,  3-lobed,  the  terminal  lobe  toothed.  1.  CABPINOS. 

Fruiting  bracts  bladder-like.  2.  OSTBYA. 

1.  CARPINUS   [Tourn.]   L.     Trees  or  shrubs,  the  bark  smooth.     Stami- 
nate aments  solitary,  the  bracts  acute,  ciliate.     Pistillate  aments  with  3-lobed 
bracts  at  maturity. 

1.  C.  caroliniana  Walt.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  13  m.  tall,  the  bark  blue- 
gray:   leaf -blades  oblong,  varying  mainly  to  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  3-14 
cm.  long,  glabrous  above:   staminate  aments  2-5  cm.  long:   mature  bracts  of 
the  pistillate  aments  hastate,  2-3  cm.  long :  nuts  5-6  mm.  long. — HORNBEAM. 
Rich  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

2.  OSTBYA  [Mich.]   Scop.     Shrubs  or  trees,  the  bark  scaly.     Staminate 
aments  clustered,  the  bracts  blunt,  not  ciliate.    Pistillate  aments  with  lobeless 
bracts.  ;  J. 

1.  O.  virginiana  (Mill.)  Willd.  Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  18  m.  tall,  the  bark 
rough:  leaf -blades  mainly  oblong,  elliptic,  or  oval,  3-13  cm.  long,  slightly 
pubescent  or  glabrate  above:  staminate  aments  3-8  cm.  long:  mature  bracts 
of  the  pistillate  aments  oblong  to  ovate,  1.5-2  cm.  long:  nuts  6-7  mm.  long. 
— HOP-HORNBEAM. 

Rich  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  upper  pen.     (Con*.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  2.    BETULACEAE.    BIRCH  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  wood  close-grained.  Leaves  deciduous:  blades 
with  2— several  series  of  teeth.  Staminate  aments  drooping,  with  each 
bract  subtending  2  or  3  flowers,  the  calyx  present.  Pistillate  aments 
seldom  drooping,  the  bracts  thickened  and  woody,  each  one  bearing  2  or 
3  pistils,  the  calyx  wanting.  Fruit  a  cone-like  aggregate  of  the  accrescent 
bracts  each  of  which  subtends  a  nut. 


FAGACEAE.  11 

1.  ALNUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  the  bark  astringent.  Stami- 
nate  flowers  with  3-6  stamens,  the  anther-sacs  connected.  Bracts  of  the  pis- 
tillate aments  not  lobed,  woody  and  spreading  at  maturity.  —  ALDER. 

1.  A.  rugosa  (Du  Eoi)  Spreng.  Shrub  or  tree,  becoming  13  m.  tall:  leaf- 
blades  thickish,  obovate  or  oval,  4-10  cm.  long:  mature  pistillate  aments  1.5-2 
cm.  long,  the  bracts  3-lobed:  nuts  1.5  mm.  long,  sharp-margined. — SMOOTH- 
ALDER. 

Banks  of  streams,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  3.    FAGACEAE.     OAK  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  wood  coarse-grained.  Leaves  sometimes  per- 
sistent: blades  simple,  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed.  Staminate  aments  elon- 
gate or  globular,  the  calyx  of  4r-7  partially  united  sepals.  Pistillate 
flowers  solitary  or  several  together,  each  subtended  by  a  bristly  involucre, 
the  sepals  thick.  Fruit  a  bur-like,  cup-like,  or  saucer-like  involucre 
enclosing  or  subtending  1  or  more  nuts. 

Staminate  aments  erect  or  ascending :  nuts  1-3,  included  in  a  very  spiny  involucre. 

1.  CASTANEA. 

Staminate  aments  drooping :  nut  seated  in  an  involucre  of  Imbricated 
scales.  2.  QUERCUS. 

1.  CASTANEA    [Tourn.]     Hill.      Shrubs    or    trees,    with    porous    wood. 
Leaf-blades    toothed,    the    teeth    slender-tipped.     Staminate    aments    elongate, 
spreading:    calyx    6-lobed:    stamens    10-20,    the    filaments    greatly    elongate. 
Pistillate  flowers  several:   calyx  6-lobed.     Staminodia  present.     Ovary  imper- 
fectly   6-celled.      Stigmas    6,    slender.      Mature    involucre    with    rigid    often 
branching  spines,  including  the  nuts.     Nuts  2  or  3,  or  sometimes  solitary.  — 
Spr. — CHESTNUT. 

Shrub  or  small  tree  without  rootstocks.  1.   C.  pumila. 

Shrub  with  elongate  rootstocks,  the  branches  arising  from  the  root- 
stock.  2.  C.  nana. 

1.  C.  pumila  (L.)  Mill.    Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  16  m.  tall,  the  bark  smooth: 
leaf-blades  oblong  to  obovate,  7-14  mm.  long,  acute  or  rounded  at  the  apex, 
white-tomentose  beneath,  the  lateral  ribs  in  14-20  pairs:  neck  of  the  hypan- 
thium  shorter  than  the  body:  ripe  involucre  3-4  mm.  in  diameter:  nuts  usually 
solitary,  1-1.5  cm.  long. — CHINQUAPIN. 

Sandy  ridges  and  swamp-margins,  n.  Fla. 

2.  C.  nana  Muhl.     Shrub  with  underground  stems  and  erect  branches  2-5  dm. 
tall:  leaf -blades  oblong  to  oblong-obovate,  5-15  cm.  long,  obtuse  or  apiculate 
at  the  apex  with  tawny  or  dirty-white  tomentum  beneath,  the  lateral  ribs  in 
12-14  pairs:  ripe  involucres  1-2  cm.  in  diameter:  nut  solitary,  1.5-2  cm.  long. 
— CHINQUAPIN. 

Sand-hills  and  pinelands,  n.  Fla. 

2.  QUERCUS    [Tourn.]    L.     Shrubs  or  trees,  with  coarse-grained  wood. 
Leaf -blades    entire,   toothed,    or    lobed.      Staminate    aments    drooping:    calyx 
4-7-lobed:    stamens   6-12,   the   filaments   relatively    short.     Pistillate   flowers 
solitary  or  several:   ovary  usually  3-celled:   stigmas  3,  dilated.     Mature  invo- 
lucre  (cup)   saucer-like  or  deeper,  subtending  the  nut,  or  rarely  enclosing  it. 
— Spr.   or  winter  southward. — OAK. 

Fruit  maturing  the  first  year :  nut  glabrous  within :  leaf-blades  not  bristle-tipped. 
Leaves  deciduous :  blades  lobed  or  toothed.  I.  ALBAE. 

Leaves  persistent :  blades  entire,  except  on  shoots.  II.  VIRGINIAXAE. 


12  FAGACEAE. 

Fruit  maturing  the  second  year,  except  sometimes  in  Q.  myrti- 

folia:  nut  pubescent  within :  leaf-blades  bristle-tipped.  III.  LAUKIFOLIAE. 

I.     ALBAE. 

Leaf-blades  deeply  and  prominently  lobed.  1.  Q.  Margaretta. 

Leaf-blades  undulate  or  undulately  lobed.  2.  0.  Chapmanii. 

II.  VIRGINIANAE. 
Acorn-nut  of  an  ovoid  type,  much  less  than  one-half  included  in 

the  cup. 

Stems  underground;  branches  erect.  3.  Q.  minima. 

Stems  erect. 

Leaves  and  twigs  not  succulent :  nut  well  included  in  the  cup.     4.  Q.  geminata. 
Leaves  and  twigs  succulent :  nut  very  slightly  included  in 

the  cup.  5.  Q.  succulenta. 

Acorn-nut  of  an  oblong  type,  one-half  included  in  the  cup.  6.  Q.  Rolfsii. 

III.  LAURIFOLIA. 

Stems  underground  ;  branches  erect.  7.  Q.  pumila. 
Stems  erect. 

Leaf-blades  glabrous  beneath.  8.  Q.  myrtifolia. 

Leaf-blades  pubescent  beneath.  0.  Q.  cinerea. 

1.  Q.  Margaretta  Ashe.     Shrub,  or  tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  oval 
or  obovate  in  outline,  6-9  cm.  long,  more  or  less  pubescent  about  the  veins 
beneath,  sinuate  or  shallowly  3-5-lobed:    acorn  sessile  or  short-stalked;    cup 
turbinate-hemispheric,   11-14  mm.   wide;    nut   oblong  to   ovoid-oblong,    12-14 
mm.  long. — SMALL  POST-OAK. 

Dry  sandy  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  Q.  Chapmanii  Sarg.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  obo- 
vate or  oblong,  5-10  cm.  long,   3-lobed  near  the  apex,   or  merely  undulate, 
sparingly  pubescent  beneath,  lustrous  above:   acorn  sessile  or  nearly  so;   cup 
depressed-hemispheric,  15-20  mm.  wide;  nut  oblong-elliptic,  1.5-2.5  mm.  long. 
— CHAPMAN  'S-OAK. 

Sandy  soil,  especially  near  the  coast,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

3.  Q.  minima    (Sarg.)    Small.     Shrub,  with  underground  stems,  the  branches 
less  than  1  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  obovate  or  sometimes  oblong  or  oblanceolate 
in  outline,  3-10  cm.  long,  glabrous  or  finely  pubescent  beneath,  repand-toothed 
or  those  of  the  upper  leaves  sometimes  entire:  acorns  solitary  or  several  on  a 
peduncle;   cup  hemispheric,  about  15  mm.  wide;   nut  ovoid  or  elliptic,  15-18 
mm.  long. — SCRUB-OAK.    DWARF  LIVE-OAK. 

Pinelands,  chiefly  near  the  coast,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys. 
(Endemic.) 

4.  Q.  geminata  Small.     Shrub,  or  tree  10  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  narrowly  oblong, 
elliptic,  or  oblong-oblanceolate,   3-6   cm.   long,   entire,   revolute,   rugose-reticu- 
late, finely  tomentose  beneath:   acorns  usually  2  at  the  end  of  a  stalk:    cup 
turbinate,  about  10  mm.  wide;  nut  ovoid  or  narrowly  oval,  10-17  mm.  long. — 
TWIN  LIVE-OAK.     SCRUB  LIVE-OAK. 

Sandy  hammocks  and  sand-ridges,  n.  pen.  Fla.      (Cont.) 

5.  Q.  succulenta  Small.     Shrub,  mostly  about  1m.  tall,  with  soft  spreading 
branches :  leaf-blades  broadly  linear  to  cuneate,  fleshy-leathery,  2-4.5  cm.  long, 
entire   or   with   3-5   slightly   spinescent   lobe-like   teeth,   smooth   and   glabrous 
above,   tomentulose  beneath:    acorns  peduncled;    cup   saucer-shaped,   3-4  mm. 
high,  5-6  mm.  broad;   nut  oblong-conic,   1-1.3   cm.  long,  only  the  very  vase 
included  in  the  cup. 

Pinelands,  s.  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

6.  Q.  Rolfsii  Small.     Eigid  shrub,  or  small  tree  7  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  cuneate 
in  outline,  leathery,  2.5-6  cm.  long,  mostly  3-lobed  at  the  apex,  or  sometimes 
5-lobed,  bright-green,   glabrous  and  finely  reticulate   above,  pale  and  thinly 
stellate-pubescent   beneath:    acorns    usually   in    pairs    at    the    ends    of    short 
peduncles:    cup   hemispheric   above   a   stout   base,   about   1.5    cm.   broad;    nut 


ARTOCARPACEAE.  13 

oblong,  or  slightly  broadest  below  the  middle,  2-2.5   cm.   long,  about  i  in- 
cluded in  the  cup. 

Hammocks  about  Ft.  Lauderdale.     (Endemic.) 

7.  Q.  pumila  Walt.     Shrub  with  underground  stems,  the  branches  3-6  dm.  tall, 
or   sometimes   taller:    leaf -blades   narrowly   oblong,   varying   to   lanceolate   or 
oblanceolate,  5-12  cm.  long,  more  or  less  finely  tomentose  beneath,  entire,  some- 
times slightly  crisped:   acorns  sessile  or  nearly  so;   cup  saucer-shaped,  some- 
times deeply  so,  12-15  mm.  wide;  nut  ovoid,  10-15  mm.  long. — RUNNING-OAK. 

Open  pinelands,  especially  near  the  coast,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the 
F.  Keys.  (Cont.) 

8.  Q.  myrtif  olia  Willd.    Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  6  m.  tall :  leaf -blades  obovate 
or  oval,  2-5  cm.  long,  entire,  shiny  above,  dull  beneath:  acorn  sessile  or  nearly 
so ;  cup  hemispheric,  sometimes  deeply  so,  10-13  mm.  wide ;  nut  ovoid  or  oblong- 
ovoid,  10-14  mm.  long. — SCRUB-OAK. 

Hammocks  and  sand-ridges,  especially  near  the  coast,  nearly  throughout  Fla., 
except  the  F.  Keys.  (Cont.) 

9.  Q.  cinerea  Michx.     Shrub,  or  small  tree:  leaves  deciduous;  blades  oblong, 
varying  to  lanceolate  or  oblanceolate,  5-12  cm.  long,  mainly  entire,  pale-green, 
gray-tomentose  beneath:   acorn  nearly  sessile;   cup  saucer-shaped,  10-15  mm. 
wide;   nut  oblong  or  subglobose,  about  15  mm.  long. — UPLAND  WILLOW-OAK. 
BLUE-JACK. 

Sand-ridges  and  sandy  barrens,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

Order  URTICALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  herbs.  Leaves  alternate,  or  in  the  case  of  herbs 
often  opposite:  blades  simple,  entire,  toothed,  or  divided.  Flowers  vari- 
ous, not  in  aments.  Calyx  present.  Corolla  wanting.  Androecium  often 
of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals.  Gynoecium  of  a  single  carpel  or 
of  2  united  carpels.  Fruit  an  achene,  a  samara,  a  drupe,  a  syncarp,  or  a 
syconium. 

Fruit  an  achene,  the  achenes  in  the  fleshy  calyxes,  on  the  outside  or  Inside  of  a 
receptacle  :  anthers  inflexed.  Fam.  1.  ARTOCARPACEAE. 

Fruit  a  samara  or  a  drupe,  or  nut-like :  anthers  erect.  Fam.  2.  ULMACBAE. 

FAMILY  1.    ARTOCARPACEAE.    MULBERRY  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  sap  milky.  Leaves  mostly  alternate :  blades  equi- 
lateral, entire,  toothed,  or  lobed.  Flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious,  in 
ament-like  spikes  or  enclosed  in  a  receptacle,  the  staminate  with  3  or  4 
stamens,  the  pistillate  with  a  calyx  of  3-5  sepals  which  greatly  enlarge  and 
subtend  or  envelop  the  achene:  gynoecium  of  1  or  2  united  carpels; 
styles  or  stigmas  1  or  2.  Fruit  a  syncarp  or  syconium. 

Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  on  the  outside  of  the  receptacle.  1.  MORUS. 

Staminate  and  pistillate  flowers  on  the  inside  of  a  closed  receptacle.          2.  Ficus. 

1.  MORUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees,  with  scaly  bark.  Leaves  decid- 
uous: blades  commonly  serrate,  sometimes  lobed.  Staminate  flowers  in  cylin- 
dric  spikes,  with  4  sepals  and  4  stamens.  Pistillate  spikes  cylindric:  sepals  4, 
the  lateral  ones  larger  than  the  others:  stigmas  2,  short.  Fruit  cylindric,  the 
achenes  included  in  the  calyx. — MULBERRY. 

1.  M.  nigra  L.     Shrub,  or  tree  sometimes  becoming  8  m.  tall,  with  pubescent 
twigs:    leaf-blades    ovate,    4-15    cm.   long,    abruptly    short-pointed,    becoming 


14  ULMACEAE. 

glabrous,  but  usually  rough  above:  staminate  spikes  1-2  cm.  long:  fruits  oval- 
oblong,  1-2  cm.  long,  black. — BLACK- MULBERRY. 

Roadsides  and  fields,  pen.  Fla.     Nat.  of  Eu.     (Gont.) — Spr. 

2.  FICUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines,  with  smoothish  bark. 
Leaves  mainly  persistent:  blades  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed.  Flowers  in  hollow 
receptacles,  the  staminate  with  a  calyx  of  2-6  sepals,  or  these  obsolete,  and 
1-2  or  rarely  3  stamens.  Pistillate  flowers  numerous:  style  rather  long: 
stigma  clavate,  peltate,  or  2-lobed.  Fruit  depressed-globular  or  elongate,  the 
achenes  included. — FIG. 

Leaf-blades  lobed,  very  scabrous-pubescent.  1.  F.  Carica. 
Leaf-blades  entire,  smooth  and  glabrous. 

Receptacles  pedunculate :  leaf-blades  usually  broad-based.  2.  F.  brevifolla. 

Receptacles  sessile :  leaf-blades  usually  narrow-based.  3.  F.  aurea. 

1.  F.  Carica  L.     Shrub,  or  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  pubescent  twigs:  leaf -blades 
palmately  5-7-lobed:  petioles  pubescent:   fruits  obovoid,  2-8  cm.  long. — COM- 
MON-FIG. 

Roadsides,  waste  places,  and  gardens,  locally  throughout  Fla.  Nat.  of  the  Medi- 
terranean region.  (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

2.  T.  brevifolia  Nutt.     Shrub,  or  tree  sometimes  15  m.  tall,  with  glabrous 
twigs:  leaf -blades  ovate-oval  or  rarely  obovate,  3-10  cm.  long,  mainly  rounded 
or  cordate  at  the  base:  fruits  subglobose,  2-2.5  cm.  in  diameter. — WILD-FIG. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  trop.  pen.  Pla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  /.) 

3.  F.  aurea  Nutt.    Shrub,  often  starting  as  a  vine,  or  tree  becoming  20  m.  tall, 
with  glabrous  twigs:  leaf -blades  oblong,  elliptic,  or  oval,  3-10  cm.  long,  acute 
or  short-acuminate  at  the  base:  fruits  spheroidal  or  obovoid,  about  2  cm.  in 
diameter. — GOLDEN-FIG. 

Hammocks,  subtrop.  and  trop.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (IV.  I.) 

FAMILY  2.    ULMACEAE.    ELM  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  sap  watery.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  inequi- 
lateral, commonly  toothed.  Flowers  perfect,  polygamous,  or  monoecious, 
variously  disposed.  Calyx  of  4  or  5,  or  rarely  3-9  partially  united  sepals. 
Androecium  of  usually  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals.  Gyrioecium 
of  2  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  samara  or  a  drupe,  or  nut-like. 

Flowers  solitary  or  merely  clustered  in  the  leaf-axils  :  drupe  solitary.        1.  CELTIS. 
Flowers  in  dichotomous  cymes  :  drupes  in  cymes. 

Stigmas  entire :  sepals  of  the  staminate  flowers  valvate :  plants 

unarmed.  2.  TKEMA. 

Stigmas  2-cleft :  sepals  of  the  staminate  flowers  imbricate :  plants 

armed.  3.  MOMISIA. 

1.  CELTIS  [Tourn.]  L.    Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees,  the  bark  often  warty. 
Leaves  deciduous:  blades  entire  or  toothed,  very  inequilateral.     Calyx  rotate, 
the  lobes  much  longer  than  the  tube.     Stigmas  2,  entire.     Drupe  subglobose. 

1.  O.  georgiana  Small.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  8  m.  tall,  the  twigs  pubes- 
cent: leaf -blades  deep-green,  ovate,  2-5  cm.  long,  rough  and  sometimes  spar- 
ingly pubescent  above,  entire  or  sharply  serrate:   drupes  globose  or  nearly  so, 
5-7  mm.  in  diameter,  red-purple  or  tan-colored. — GEORGIA-HACKBERRY. 
Sandy  or  rocky  river-banks,  m.  and  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

2.  TBEMA  Lour.     Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees,  the  bark  smoothish:   leaves 
persistent:  blades  toothed,  more  or  less  inequilateral.     Calyx  rotate,  the  lobes 
much  longer  than  the  tube.     Stigmas  2,  entire.     Drupe  ovoid  or  globose. 


POLYGONACEAE.  15 

Leaf -blades  cordate  at  the  base  :  anthers  over  1  mm.  long :  drupes  yellow  or  orange. 

1.  T.  floridana. 
Leaf-blades  obtuse  or  rounded  at  the  base :  anthers  less  than 

1  mm.  long  :  drupes  pink.  2.   T.  Lamarckiana. 

1.  T.  floridana  Britton.     Shrub,  or  tree  6  m.  tall,  with  copiously  pubescent 
foliage:   leaf-blades  ovate,  oblong-ovate  or  lanceolate,  4-10  cm.  long,  softly 
pubescent  beneath :  calyx  greenish :  drupes  subglobose,  2.5-3.5  mm.  in  diameter, 
yellow  or  orange. — FLORIDA-TREMA. 

Hammocks,  especially  where  burned  or  cleared,  trop.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys. 
(Endemic.) 

2.  T.  Lamarckiana  (E.  &  8.)  Blume.    Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  finely  hirsute 
or  velvety  twigs:  leaf -blades  oblong,  lanceolate,  or  narrowly  ovate,  mostly  1-3 
cm.  long,  finely  serrate,   scabrous   above,  veiny-reticulate  beneath,   obtuse  or 
rounded  at  the  base:  calyx  whitish  or  pinkish:  drupes  ovoid  or  globose-ovoid, 
2-2.5  mm.  in  diameter,  pink. — WEST-INDIAN  TREMA. 

Hammocks,  Lower  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  MOMISIA  F.  G.  Dietr.  Spine-armed  shrubs  or  trees,  the  bark  rela- 
tively smooth.  Leaves  deciduous:  blades  toothed,  slightly  inequilateral.  Calyx 
rotate,  the  lobes  much  longer  than  the  tube.  Stigmas  2,  each  2-cleft.  Drupe 
oblong,  ovoid,  or  globose. — Spr. — CHAPARRAL-SHRUB. 

Leaf-blades  nearly  smooth  :  drupe  8-12  mm.  in  diameter  :  stone  with  warty  faces. 

1.  M. Iguanaea. 
Leaf -blades  very  scabrous  :  drupes  5-8  mm.  in  diameter :  stone  with 

reticulated  faces.  2.  M.  pallida. 

1.  M.  Iguanaea  (L.)  Eose  &  Standley.    Stem  and  branches  spreading  or  climb- 
ing, 1-3  m.  long,  the  branches  with  recurved  spines,  glabrous :  leaf -blades  ovate, 
oval  or  oblong-ovate,  4-12  cm.  long,  often  coarsely  toothed,  nearly  smooth: 
drupes  globose-ovoid.     [M.  aculeata   (Sw.)   Kl.] 

Hammocks,  Terre  Ceia  Island.      (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

2.  M.  pallida   (Torr.)   Planch.     Stem  and  branches  spreading,  2-4  mm.  long, 
the  branches  puberulent,  with  straight  spines:    leaf -blades   ovate  to   oblong, 
2-3.5  cm.  long,  often  coarsely  toothed,  rough:  drupes  subglobose. 

Hammocks,  Lastero  Bay.     (Cunt.) 

Order  POLYGONALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate,  or  sometimes  oppo- 
site or  whorled :  blades  mostly  entire :  stipules  present,  usually  as  a  sheath, 
rarely  obsolete.  Flowers  perfect,  monoecious,  dioecious,  or  polygamous, 
variously  disposed.  Hypanthium  long  or  short.  Calyx  of  2-6  sepals, 
which  sometimes  develop  keels  or  wings.  Corolla  wanting.  Androecium 
of  2-9  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  2  or  3  united  carpels,  the  ovary  superior. 
Fruit  an  achene. 

* 

FAMILY  1.    POLYGONACEAE.    BUCKWHEAT  FAMILY. 

Plants  various  in  habit.  Leaves  with  manifest,  usually  sheathing 
stipules,  and  inflorescence  not  involucrate  in  the  following. 

1.  COCCOLOBIS  P.  Br.  Evergreen  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate, 
the  ocreae  cylindric  or  funnelform.  Flowers  borne  in  spikes  or  racemes. 
Sepals  5,  surmounting  the  accrescent  hypanthium.  Stamens  8.  Stigmas  3, 
entire.  Aehene  3-angled,  included. 


16  CHENOPODIACEAE. 

Leaf -blades  longer  than  wide,  narrowed  at  the  base :  fruits  about  1  cm.  thick. 

1.  C.  laurifolta. 
Leaf -blades  wider  than  long,  cordate  at  the  base :  fruits  1.5-2  cm. 

thick.  2.  C.  uvifera. 

1.  0.  laurifolia  Jacq.     Shrub  or  tree,  leaf-blades  ovate  to  obovate,  5-10  cm. 
long,  narrowed  or  rounded  at  the  base:  panicles  less  than  1  dm.  long  during 
anthesis,  the  lower  flower-clusters  usually  with  3  or  4  pedicels:   sepals  2.5-3.5 
mm.  long:  hypanthium-margin  even  between  the  filaments:  fruit  globose-ovoid. 
— PIGEON-PLUM. 

Coast  of  trop.  and  subtrop.  Fla.,  or  near  it,  especially  on  the  E.  Keys  and  F. 
Keys.  (W.  I.) 

2.  C.  uvifera  (L.)  Jacq.     Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaf-blades  suborbicular,  4-20 
cm.  wide,  cordate  at  the  base:  panicles  over  1  dm.  long  during  anthesis,  dense: 
sepals  2-3  mm.  long:    fruits  subglobose,   borne  in  grape-like  clusters. — SEA- 
GRAPE. 

Hammocks,  coastal  regions  of  trop.  and  subtrop.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

Order  CHENOPODIALES. 

Herbs,  often  partially  woody,  or  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate 
or  opposite,  occasionally  scale-like.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  sometimes 
monoecious  or  dioecious.  Calyx  usually  present,  the  sepals  mainly  sep- 
arate. Corolla  wanting,  or  present  and  of  minute  or  large  petals.  Androe- 
cium  of  1-several  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  a  single  carpel  or  of  several 
united  carpels,  the  ovary  mostly  superior.  Fruit  an  achene,  utricle  or  a 
berry,  or  sometimes  an  anthocarp. 

Fruit  a  utricle,  an  achene  or  a  fleshy  cone,  not  an  anthocarp. 

Fruit  utricular.  Fam.  1.  CHEXOPODIACEAE. 
Fruit  an  achene  or  a  berry-like  cone. 

Fruits  simple,  achenes  :  flowers  not  in  cone-like 

structures.  Fam.  2.  PETIVERIACEAE. 

Fruits  aggregate :  flowers  in  cone-like  structures.  Fam.  3.  BATIDACEAE. 

Fruit  an  anthocarp.  Fam.  4.  PISOXIACBAE. 

FAMILY  1.     CHENOPODIACEAE.     GOOSEFOOT  FAMILY. 

Herbs  or  woody  plants.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite :  blades  simple. 
Flowers  perfect,  polygamous,  monoecious,  or  dioecious,  mostly  in  congested 
spikes.  Calyx  of  1,  2,  3,  4,  or  5  persistent  sepals.  Corolla  wanting. 
Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals.  Gynoecium  of  2  or 
more  united  carpels.  Ovary  1-celled.  Fruit  a  utricle,  sometimes  achene- 
like. 

1.  SALICOENIA  [Tourn.]  L.  Fleshy  shrubs  or  herbs.  Leaves  opposite, 
mere  scales.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  in  cavities  at  the  rachis-nodes. 
Calyx  fleshy.  Utricle  included  in  the  spongy  perianth. 

1.  S.  ambigua  Michx.  Shrub  with  decumbent  or  trailing  stems  1-7  dm.  long: 
internodes  of  the  inflorescence  3-4  mm.  thick  and  about  as  long. — GLASSWORT. 
SAMPHIRE. 

Sandy  shores  and  coastal  sand-dunes,  nearly  throughout  Fla.     (Cont.,  IT.  /.) 

FAMILY  2.    PETIVERIACEAE.    PETIVERIA  FAMILY. 

Woody  plants,  usually  strong-scented.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  firm, 
entire.  Flowers  perfect,  in  virgate  spikes.  Hypanthiurn  present.  Calyx 


PISONIACEAE.  17 

of  4  nearly  equal  sepals.  Corolla  wanting1.  Androecium  of  4—8  stamens, 
borne  like  the  calyx  on  the  long  hypanthium.  Gynoecium  a  single  carpel 
borne  in  the  hypanthium.  Fruit  an  achene  with  reflexed  spines  at  the  top. 

1.  PETIVKRIA  [Plum.]  L.  Shrubs  with  extensively  creeping  or  hori- 
zontal rootstocks.  Leaves  with  narrow  stipules.  Achenes  appressed  to  the 
spike-rachis. 

1.  P.  alliacea  L.  Stems  3-10  dm.  tall,  often  with  virgate  branches:  leaf- 
blades  obovate,  elliptic-obovate,  or  elliptic,  4-12  cm.  long:  spikes  1-3  dm. 
long,  interrupted:  sepals  linear  to  linear-lanceolate,  3-4  mm.  long,  about  as 
long  as  the  hypanthium:  achenes  linear-cuneate,  6-10  mm.  long,  the  spines  £ 
as  long  as  the  body  or  less. — GUINEA-HEN  WEED. 
Hammocks,  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.  (W.  /.) 

FAMILY  3.     BATIDACEAE.     SALTWORT  FAMILY. 

Maritime  partially  succulent  shrubs.  Leaves  opposite,  fleshy,  half- 
terete,  linear  or  clavaite,  entire.  Flowers  small,  dioecious,  in  axillary 
cones.  Staminate  cones  with  persistent  imbricate  scales  each  subtending  a 
flower :  calyx  cup-shaped,  2-lobed :  stamens  4-5,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the 
calyx:  filaments  thick,  alternating  with  staminodia.  Pistillate  cones 
peduncled,  4-12-flowered,  the  scales  deciduous:  the  flowers  each  consisting 
of  merely  a  4-celled  ovary  with  a  sessile  stigma.  Ovule  1  in  each  cavity. 
Fruit  a  fleshy  cone. 

1.  BATIS  P.  Br.  Plants  with  smooth  and  glabrous  foliage.  Leaves  with- 
out stipules. 

1.  B.  maritima  L.  A  glabrous  pale-green  strong-scented  shrub,  with  spread- 
ing or  prostrate  stems  0.5-1.5  m.  long:  leaves  curved,  1-2.5  cm.  long:  cones 
5-10  mm.  long,  ovoid;  pistillate  on  peduncles  2-5  mm.  long:  bracts  reniform 
or  suborbicular,  often  apiculate:  fruit  oblong  or  obovoid,  1-2  cm.  long,  short- 
stalked,  drooping. — SALTWORT. 

Salt  or  brackish  shores,  nearly  throughout  Fla.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

FAMILY  4.    PISONIACEAE.    PISONIA  FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  opposite  or  alternate:  blades  simple. 
Flowers  perfect,  dioecious  or  rarely  monoecious,  cymose.  Calyx  of  5 
united  sepals,  campanulate,  tubular,  or  funnelform.  Corolla  wanting. 
Androecium  of  5-30  stamens.  Gynoecium  1-carpellary.  Ovary  1-celled: 
style  terminal.  Fruit  an  anthocarp. 

Fruits  angular,  with  rows  of  glands :  calyx  broad.  1.  PISONIA. 

Fruits  terete,  glandless :  calyx  narrow.  2.  TORRDBIA. 

1.  PISONIA  [Plum.]  L.  Armed  woody  vines,  or  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves 
opposite:  blades  entire.  Flowers  in  compound  cymes.  Calyx  broadly  funnel- 
form  or  rotate,  with  a  thin  undulate  recurved  edge.  Fruits  dry,  with  rows  of 
glands. 

Stems   mostly   climbing,    armed:    leaf -blades   abruptly   pointed   or  short-acuminate: 
fruits  glandular  from  the  base  to  the  apex.  1.  P.  aculeata. 

Stems  erect,  unarmed  :  leaf -blades  blunt  or  retuse  :  fruits  glandular 

above  the  middle.  2.  P.  rotundata. 

1.  P.  aculeata  L.  Stems  with  spreading  thorn-armed  branches:  leaf -blades 
elliptic,  oval,  or  ovate,  2.5-7  cm.  long:  pedicels  slender:  calyx-lobes  mostly 
longer  than  wide:  fruits  slender,  3-3.5  mm.  thick. — COCK-SPUR. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

Shrubs  of  Florida — 2. 


18  RANUNCULACEAE. 

2.  P.  rotundata  Griseb.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  bark  pale:  leaf -blades 
thick,  broadly  oblong  or  oval,  varying  to  obovate,  2.5-8  cm.  long,  short- 
petioled:  cymes  densely  flowered:  calyx  green  or  whitish,  broadly  funnel- 
form,  about  3  mm.  long,  tomentulose  along  the  edge:  fruits  broadly  or  nar- 
rowly obovoid,  5-6  mm.  long. — PISONIA. 
Hammocks,  F.  Keys.  (W.  I.) 

2.  TOBBUBIA  Veil.  Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite:  blades 
entire.  Flowers  in  cymes.  Calyx  narrowly  funnelform  to  tubular,  with  an 
erect  nearly  or  quite  even  edge.  Fruits  juicy,  without  glands. — Spr.-sum. 

Leaf-blades  glabrous  :  inflorescence-branches  glabrous  In  age.  1.  T.  longifolia. 

Leaf-blades  copiously  pubescent :  inflorescence-branches  permanently 

pubescent.  2.  T.  floridana. 

1.  T.  longifolia    (Heimerl)    Britton.     Shrub   or   small  tree,   the  bark   pale: 
leaves  3-7  cm.  long;   blades  spatulate  to  obovate,  oblong-spatulate,  or  oval- 
spatulate:  cymes  open;  calyx  green  or  greenish,  or  purplish,  narrowly  funnel- 
form,  3-3.5  mm.  long,  the  erect  edge  glabrous:    fruit  broadly  or  narrowly 
obovoid,  5-6  mm.  long. — BLOLLY. 

Coastal  hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  those  of  the  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  T.  floridana  Britton.     Low  shrub:  leaves  2-3.5  cm.  long;  blades  spatulate: 
fruits  slightly  broadened  upward,  6-7  mm.  long. 

Hammocks,  Rock  Key,  west  of  Key  West.     (Endemic.) 

Order  RANALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  mostly  without  stipules,  with  entire 
or  dissected  blades,  in  aquatics  often  various  on  the  same  plant.  Flowers 
perfect,  monoecious,  or  dioecious.  Calyx  and  corolla  of  distinct  sepals 
and  petals.  Androecium  of  usually  more  hypogynous  stamens  than  there 
are  sepals.  Gynoecium  of  1  or  several  distinct  or  united  carpels.  Ovary 
superior.  Fruit  various. 

Carpels  1  or  more,  distinct,  at  least  at  maturity. 

Sepals  3-15 :  petals  about  as  many :  plants  if  shrubby  not  with  pulpy  fruit :  endo- 
sperm even.  Fam.  1.  RANUNCULACEAE. 
Sepals  5  :  petals  6  :  fruit  pulpy  :  endosperm  channeled.      Fam.  2.  ANNONACEAE. 
Carpels  more   or  less   coherent   or   united  into   cone-like 

structures,  or  immersed  in  the  pulpy  receptacle. 

Sepals  valvate.  Fam.  2.  ANNONACEAE. 

Sepals  imbricate.  Fam.  3.  MAGNOLIACEAE. 

FAMILY  1.    RANUNCULACEAE.     CROWFOOT  FAMILY. 

Herbs  or  woody  vines.  Leaves  alternate  (opposite  in  Clematideae) : 
blades  simple  or  compound.  Calyx  of  3^5  imbricate  (valvate  in  Clema- 
tideae) sepals.  Corolla  of  about  as  many  petals  as  there  are  sepals,  oc- 
casionally more,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  several  or  many  hypogynous 
stamens.  Gynoecium  of  1,  several  or  many  distinct  carpels.  Fruit  an 
achene,  a  follicle  or  baccate. 

1.  XANTHOKRHIZA  L'Her.  Weak  shrubs.  Leaf -blades  1-2-pinnate. 
Flowers  paniculate.  Sepals  5,  brownish-purple,  deciduous.  Petals  5,  gland- 
like.  Stamens  5  or  10 :  filaments  stout.  Carpels  few,  sessile,  2-ovuled,  in  fruit 
forming  a  whorl  of  follicles. 

1.  X.    apiifolia   L'Her.     Plants    2-6    dm.    tall:    leaves    approximate:    leaflets 
mostly   5,  the   blades   ovate  to   oblong,   2.5-7.5   cm.   long,   incised-toothed   or 


ANNONACEAE.  19 

divided:    sepals  ovate  to   ovate-lanceolate,  brownish-purple:    follicles  oblong, 
3-4  mm.  long. — YELLOW-ROOT.     SHRUB  YELLOW-ROOT. 
Woods  and  banks,  m.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  2.    ANNONACEAE.     CUSTARD-APPLE  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  entire.  Flowers  perfect, 
monoecious,  or  dioecious.  Calyx  of  3,  or  2,  sepals.  Corolla  of  mostly  6 
petals  much  larger  than  the  sepals,  those  of  the  inner  series  smaller  than 
those  of  the  outer,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  many  stamens,  each 
anther  terminating  in  a  blunt  glandular  appendage.  Gynoecium  of  few 
or  many  distinct  carpels.  Fruit  a  simple  or  aggregate  berry. 

Carpels  distinct,  several-ovuled :  anther-sacs  separated.  1.  ASIMINA. 

Carpels  confluent,  1-ovuled :  anther-sacs  contiguous.  2.  ANNONA. 

1.  ASIMINA  Adans.  Ill-scented  plants.  Leaves  mostly  deciduous: 
blades  broadened  upward.  Petals  6,  much  larger  than  the  sepals,  spreading. 
Carpels  few:  style  subulate.  Fruit  simple. — Spr.,  or  winter  southward.  CUS- 
TARD-APPLE. PAPAW. 

Flowers  terminal,  or  from  the  axils  of  the  leaves  of  the  season,  appearing  after  the 

leaves. 
Flowers  axillary  (except  rare  cases  in  no.  1),  long-pedicelled :  leaf -blades  long  and 

narrow,  linear  or  oblanceolate. 

Mature  outer  petals  3.5  cm.  long  or  longer,  white  or  yellowish  white  at  ma- 
turity. 1.  A.  angustifolia. 
Mature  outer  petals  3  cm.  long  or  shorter,  deep  black- 
purple  at  maturity. 
Petals  oblanceolate  or  narrowly  obovate,  the  outer  2-3 

cm.  long.  2.  A.  pygmaea. 

Petals  oblong,  all  nearly  alike,  6-8  mm.  long.  3.  A.  Rugelii. 

Flowers  terminal,  sessile  or  nearly  so :  leaf-blades  short  and 

broad,  obovate  or  oval.  4.  A.  obovata. 

Flowers  from  the  axils  of  the  deciduous  leaves  of  the  preceding 

season,  appearing  before  the  leaves. 
Leaves  leathery ;  blades  reticulate :  flowers  yellowish-white, 

1  or  2  in  an  axil. 
Young  leaves  densely  tomentose  on  both  surfaces  :  mature 

outer  petals  4-5  cm.  long.  5.  A.  speciosa. 

Young  leaves  sparingly  tomentose,  the  upper  surface  soon 

glabrous  :  mature  outer  petals  2.5-4  cm.  long.  6.  A.  reticulata. 

Leaves  membranous :  blades  not  reticulate :   flowers  purple, 

solitary  in  the  axils. 
A  shrub  mostly  less  than  1.5  m.  tall :  mature  outer  petals 

1  cm.  long  or  shorter  :  fruit  3-4  cm.  long.  7.  A.  parviflora. 

A  shrub  or  tree  3-12  m.  tall  :  mature  outer  petals  2  cm. 

long  or  longer  :  fruit  7-16  cm.  long.  8.  A.  triloba. 

1.  A.  angustifolia  A.  Gray.     Shrub  4-9  dm.  tall,  the  stems  generally  erect, 
the  twigs  sparingly  pubescent:  leaves  numerous  and  usually  variable  in  size; 
blades  linear  to   narrowly  spatulate   or  oblanceolate,  5-20   cm.   long,   mostly 
acute:  inner  petals  nearly  oblong,  3-3.5  cm.  long. 

Pinelands,  n.  Fla.     (Ga.) 

2.  A.  pygmaea  (Bartr.)  A.  Gray.     Shrub  2-6  dm.  tall,  the  stems  arcuate,  the 
twigs  sparingly  pubescent:   leaves  relatively  few;   blades  oblong-oblanceolate 
to  spatulate,  5-15  cm.  long,  mostly  obtuse:  inner  petals  ovate,  1-1.5  cm.  long. 

Pinelands,  e.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

3.  A.  Rugelii  B.  L.  Eobinson.     Shrub  less  than  1  m.  tall,  the  stems  flexuous, 
the  twigs  red-tomentulose :  leaves  rather  few;  blades  oblong,  2.5-4  cm.  long, 
obtuse:    flowers  short-pedicelled :    outer  petals  6-8  mm.  long,  slightly  longer 
than  the  inner. 

Pinelands,  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 


20  MAGNOLIACEAE. 

4.  A.  obovata  (Willd.)   Nash.     Shrub  or  small  tree  8-30  dm.  tall,  the  stems 
much  branched,  the  twigs  red-  or  brown-tomentose :   leaves  rather  numerous; 
blades  obovate  to  oval,  4-10  cm.  long,  often  retuse:  flowers  sessile  or  nearly 
so:  outer  petals  50-60  mm.  long,  much  larger  than  the  inner. 

Pinelands,  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

5.  A.  speciosa  Nash.    Shrub  6-12  dm.  tall,  the  twigs  densely  yellow-  or  tawny- 
tomentose:  leaf -blades  obovate,  cuneate  or  oblong,  7-14  cm.  long:  inner  petals 
oblong  to  lanceolate,  mostly  over  15  mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  e.  Pla.     (Go.) 

6.  A.  reticulata  Shuttl.     Shrub  5-10  dm.  tall,  the  twigs  densely  tomentose: 
leaf -blades  narrowly  oblong  to  oblanceolate  or  cuneate,  2.5-9  cm.  long:  inner 
petals  broadly  ovate,  mostly  less  than  15  mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

7.  A.  parviflora    (Michx.)   Dunal.     Shrub  3-40  dm.  tall:   leaf -blades  obovate 
to  oblong-obovate  or  cuneate,  6-17  cm.  long:   pedicels  only  a  few  mm.  long 
during  anthesis:  inner  petals  less  than  8  mm.  long:  seeds  12-15  mm.  long. 

Rich  or  low  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — UPLAND-PAPAW. 

8.  A.  triloba   (L.)   Dunal.     Shrub,  or  tree  3-12  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  cuneate 
to   obovate-cuneate    or    oblong-cuneate,    or   rarely   obovate,    10-30    cm.    long: 
pedicels  10-20  mm.  long  during  anthesis:  inner  petals  less  than  20  mm.  long: 
seeds  20-25  mm.  long. 

Rich  woods,  m.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  ANNONA  L.  Pungent-aromatic  plants.  Leaves  persistent:  blades 
oblong,  oval,  or  ovate.  Petals  larger  than  the  sepals,  converging.  Carpels 
numerous ;  style  linear.  Fruit  aggregate.  —  Spr. 

Sepals  over  10  mm.  wide :  outer  and  inner  petals  about  equal  in  length. 

1.  A.  glabra. 

Sepals  less  than  9  mm.  wide :  outer  petals  much  longer  than  the 
inner.  2.  A.  palustris. 

1.  A.  glabra  L.     Diffuse  shrub  or  tree  14  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  oblong,  oval  or 
ovate,  10-18  cm.  long:   outer  petals  3-3.5  cm.  long:   filaments  4  mm.  long: 
fruit  8-12  cm.  long:  seeds  15-20  mm.  long. — POND-APPLE. 

Wet  coastal  hammocks,  trop.  and  subtrop.  pen.  Fla.  and  those  of  the  E.  Keys  and 
F.  Keys.  (W.I.) 

2.  A.  palustris  L.     Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  oblong  to  ovate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate,  3-12  cm.  long,  or  rarely  larger:   outer  petals  1.5-2  cm.  long:   fila- 
ments 3  mm.  long:    fruit  5-7  cm.  long:    seeds  9-12  mm.  long. — ALLIGATOR- 
APPLE. 

Everglades  about  the  E.  Keys  and  adj.  hammock  islands.  Also  on  the  F.  Keys. 
(W.  I.) 

FAMILY  3.    MAGrNOLIACEAE.    MAGNOLIA  FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate,  sometimes  apparently 
whorled:  blades  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed.  Flowers  perfect  or  monoe- 
cious. Calyx  of  3  petaloid  sepals  or  rarely  more.  Corolla  of  5  imbri- 
cate petals  as  large  as  the  sepals  or  larger,  or  more.  Androecium  of  many 
stamens  or  rarely  few.  Gynoecium  of  several  or  many  distinct  carpels. 
Fruit  a  cone  of  accrescent  carpels  which  become  baccate  or  follicular. 

Carpels  imbricate  in  several  series. 

Erect  shrubs  or  trees :  flowers  perfect :  stamens  numerous,  distinct :  fruit  a  cone 

of  imbricate  follicles.  1.  MAGNOLIA. 

Twining  vines  :  flowers  monoecious :  stamens  5,  united  into  a 

disk :  fruit  a  spike  of  berries.  2.  SCHIZANDRA. 

Carpels  in  a  whorl.  3.  ILLICIUM. 


CAPPARIDACEAE.  21 

1.  MAGNOLIA   L.     Shrubs   or   trees.     Leaves    deciduous   or   persistent: 
blades  entire  or  auricled  at  the  base.     Flowers  perfect,  white.     Sepals  and 
petals  about  equal  in  size.     Fruit  an  echinate  cone.  —  Spr.,  or  spr.  and  sum. 

1.  M.  virginiana  L.  Shrub  or  tree  25  m.  tall,  the  twigs  silky:  leaf-blades 
oblong,  elliptic,  or  oval,  5-15  cm.  long:  flowers  white,  globose-campanulate, 
3-8  cm.  wide:  petals  elliptic,  oblong,  oval,  or  obovate:  fruit  oval  or  ovoid,  3-5 
cm.  long:  seeds  8-10  mm.  long. — SWEET-BAY.  SWAMP- BAY. 

Swamps,  wet  woods,  and  hammocks,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys. 
(Cont.)-—  Spr. 

2.  ILLICIUM    L.     Shrubs    or    trees.     Leaves    persistent:    blades    entire. 
Flowers  perfect.     Sepals  3-6.     Petals  many,  in  3-several  series,  the  inner  the 
narrower.     Stamens  numerous:  filaments  nearly  linear:  anther-sacs  contiguous. 
Carpels  in  1  series.     Seed  solitary. — Spr. — ANISE-TREE.    STAR-ANISE. 

Corolla  2  cm.  broad  :  petals  6-12  :  leaf-blades  obtuse.  1.  /.  parviflorum. 

Corolla  2.5-3  cm.  broad  :  petals  20-30  :  leaf-blades  acuminate.  2.  /.  floridanuin. 

1.  I.  parviflorum  Michx.     Shrub   1-2  m.  tall:   leaf -blades  elliptic  to  oblong, 
6-10  cm.  long:   sepals  less  than  10  mm.  long:   petals  ovate  or  suborbicular, 
about  as  long  as  the  sepals,  yellow:  fruit  about  2  cm.  wide. 

Hammocks  near  the  coast,  e.  Fla.     (Ga.,  11'.  1.) 

2.  I.  floridanum  Ellis.    Shrub  2-3  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  elliptic,  6-15  cm.  long: 
sepals  over  10  mm.  long:  petals  linear  or  nearly  so,  15-20  mm.  long,  purple: 
fruit  25-30  mm.  wide. 

Swamps,  n.  Fla.     (Cont. ) 

3.  SCHIZANDRA  Michx.     Vines.     Leaves   deciduous:    blades   sometimes 
toothed.     Flowers  monoecious,  drooping.     Sepals  5  or  6.     Petals  5  or  6,  each 
thickened   at  the  base.     Stamens   5:    filaments   dilated,   united   into   a   disk: 
anther-sacs  separated.     Carpels  in  several  series.     Seeds  2. 

1.  S.  coccinea  Michx.  Woody  vine:  leaf -blades  oval,  elliptic  or  ovate,  5-15 
cm.  long,  slender-petioled :  sepals  oval  to  ovate,  3-6  mm.  long:  petals  obovate- 
cuneate,  mostly  crimson:  spike  of  fruit  4-7  cm.  long,  the  berries  about  1  cnu 
long. — BAY  STAR-VINE. 

Woods,  m.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

Order  PAPAVERALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  with  entire,  toothed,  dissected, 
or  compound  blades.  Flowers  perfect.  Calyx  of  distinct  or  nearly  dis- 
tinct sepals.  Corolla  of  distinct  or  nearly  distinct  petals,  or  wanting. 
Androecium  of  few  or  many  hypogynous  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  2-sev- 
eral  united  carpels.  Ovary  superior,  sessile  or  stipitate.  Fruit  capsular 
or  baccate. 

FAMILY  1.     CAPPARIDACEAE.     CAPER  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate  or  rarely  opposite: 
blades  simple  or  compound.  Flowers  perfect,  in  racemes  or  cymes,  or 
solitary.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5,  often  unequal, 
petals.  Receptacle  often  produced  into  a  gland.  Androecium  of  4-6 
stamens  or  more.  Gynoecium  of  2-united  carpels.  Ovary  often  stipitate. 
Fruit  capsular,  sometimes  baccate.  Seeds  conduplicate. 


22  CAPPAEIDACEAE. 

1.  CAPPABJS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaf-blades  simple, 
entire.  Sepals  4  or  5,  often  spreading  or  reflexed.  Petals  4  or  5,  sessile. 
Eeceptacle  unappendaged.  Stamens  numerous:  anthers  oblong  to  linear. 
Ovary  long-stipitate :  style  wanting.  Capsules  sometimes  baccate,  often 
torulose.  —  Spr.  —  CAPER-TREE. 

Leaves  glabrous ;  blades  reticulate :  sepals  imbricate :  capsule  glabrous. 

1.  O.  cynophallophora. 
Leaves  scaly ;  blades  not  reticulate :  sepals  valvate :  capsule 

scaly.  2.  O.  jamaicensis. 

1.  C.  cynophallophora  L.     Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaf -blades  oblong  to  oblpng- 
cuneate,  mainly  5-8  cm.  long:   sepals  suborbicular :   corolla  5.5-7.5  cm.  wide: 
fruit-body  mostly  10-20  cm.  long. — BAY-LEAVED  CAPER-TREE. 

Coastal  hammocks,  lower  pen.  Pla.,  E.  Keys,  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  C.  jamaicensis  Jacq.     Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaf -blades  elliptic,  oblong,  or 
oval,  mainly  4-10  cm.  long:  sepals  lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate:  corolla  about 
3  cm.  wide:  fruit-body  mostly  20-30  cm.  long. — JAMAICA  CAPER-TREE. 

Coastal  hammocks,  trop.  and  subtrop.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

Order  RO  SALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  or  rarely  aquatic  plants  or  vines.  Leaves  with 
simple  or  compound  blades.  Flowers  mostly  perfect.  Calyx  and  corolla 
present  and  sometimes  irregular,  or  the  latter  occasionally,  or  both  rarely, 
wanting.  Androecium  of  few  or  many  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  1-several 
distinct  or  united  carpels.  Fruit  various. 

Flowers  regular  or  nearly  so. 

Seeds  with  usually  copious  endosperm. 

Leaves  opposite.  Fam.    1.  HYDKANGEACEAE. 

Leaves  alternate. 

Capsule  thin-walled,  almost  free  from  the 

hypanthium. 
Stamens    5 :    hypanthium    flattish,    not 

accrescent :  leaves  without  stipules.  Fam.    2.  ITEACEAE. 

Stamens  numerous  :  hypanthium   hemi- 
spheric, swollen  in  age  :  leaves  with 

stipules.  Fam.    4.  ROSACEAE. 

Capsule  woody  or  thick-walled,  manifestly 

adnate  to  the  hypanthium.  Fam.    3.  HAMAMELIDACEAE. 

'.Seeds  without  endosperm. 

Carpels  several  or  numerous :  fruit  neither  a 

drupe  nor  a  legume. 
Carpels  distinct :  fruit  achenes,  follicles  or 

drupelets. 
Sepals  and  petals,  5  or  fewer :   leaves 

alternate.  Fam.    4.  ROSACEAE. 

Sepals,    and    petals,    numerous :    leaves 

opposite.  Fam.    5.  CALYCANTHACEAE. 

Carpels  united,  enclosed  by  the  hypanthium, 

and  adnate  to  it :  fruit  a  pome.  Fam.    6.  MALACEAE. 

Carpels  solitary :  fruit  a  drupe  or  a  legume. 
Leaf -blades   simple :   fruit   a   drupe :   ovary 

2-ovuled.  Fam.    7.  AMYGDALACEAE. 

Leaf-blades    2-3-pinnate :   fruit   a   legume : 

ovary  several-ovuled. 

Petals  valvate  in  the  bud.  Fam.    8.  MIMOSACEAE. 

Petals  imbricate  in  the  bud.  Fam.    9.  CASSIACEAE. 

Flowers  irregular. 

Upper  petal  enclosed  by  the  lateral  ones  in  the 

bud  :  corolla  not  papilionaceous.  Fam.    9.  CASSIACEAE. 

Upper  petal  enclosing  the  lateral  ones  in  the  bud  : 

corolla  papilionaceous.  Fam.  10.  FABACEAE. 


ITEACEAE.  23 

FAMILY  1.    HYDRANGEACEAE.    HYDRANGEA  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  mostly  opposite:  blades  often 
toothed.  Flowers  borne  in  raceme-like,  corymb-like,  or  panicled  cymes. 
Calyx  of  usually  4-10  sepals,  surmounting  the  often  ribbed  hypanthium. 
Corolla  of  mostly  4-10  petals.  Androecium  of  8-many  stamens.  Grynoe- 
cium  of  2-5,  or  rarely  of  10,  united  carpels.  Ovary  wholly  or  partially 
inferior.  Fruit  capsular. 

Sepals,  and  petals,  5  or  fewer :  styles  and  stigmas  mostly  distinct :  stigmas  when 
united  elongate. 

Stamens  8-10  :  corolla  relatively  small ;  petals  valvate.  1.  HYDRANGEA. 

Stamens  12-20,  or  more  :  corolla  large ;  petals  convolute.  2.  PHILADELPHIA. 

Sepals,  and  petals,  7  or  more :  styles  united :  stigma  depressed.  3.  DECUMAKIA. 

1.  HYDRANGEA   [Gronov.]   L.     Shrubs.     Leaf-blades  toothed   or  lobed. 
Sepals  4  or  5,  minute,  or  petal-like  in  the  marginal  flowers.     Petals  valvate, 
small.    Stamens  8-10.     Styles  wanting.     Capsule  opening  between  the  stigmas. 
— Spr.-sum. — HYDRANGEA. 

Leaf-blades  merely  toothed  :  inflorescence  corymbose.  1.   H.  arborcscens. 

Leaf-blades  deeply  lobed  :  inflorescence  thyrsoid.  2.   H.  quercifolia. 

1.  H.  arborescens  L.     Shrub  with  sparingly  pubescent  branches  and  twigs: 
leaf -blades  thin,  ovate,  oval  or  elliptic:  petals  1-1.5  mm.  long:   capsule-body 
2-2.5  mm.  long,  broader  than  high. 

Banks  of  streams,  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  H.   quercifolia  Bartr.     Shrub  with  densely  reddish-tomentose  twigs   which 
are  usually  also   arachnoid:   hypanthium  3-3.5  mm.  wide  at  maturity:    ray- 
flowers  numerous,  becoming  purple:  petals  1.5-2  mm.  long:  capsule-body  about 
3  mm.  high. — GRAY-BEARD.     OLD-MAN'S  BEARD. 

Rocky  or  sandy  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  PHILADELPHUS   L.     Shrubs.     Leaves   deciduous:    blades   entire   or 
toothed.     Sepals  4  or  5,  prominent.     Petals  convolute,  relatively  large.     Sta- 
mens numerous,  or  very  rarely  15.     Styles  present.    Capsule  loculicidal. 

1.  P.  grandiflorus  Willd.  Shrub  2-3  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  ovate-lanceolate  or 
elliptic,  acuminate,  4-12  cm.  long,  glabrate  or  with  short  appressed  pubescence: 
sepals  acuminate:  corolla  4-5  cm.  wide:  capsule  attenuate  to  the  pedicel. — 
MOCK-ORANGE. 

Banks  of  streams  and  rocky  slopes,  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

3.  DECUMARIA  L.     Vines.     Leaves  persistent:    blades  entire   or  spar- 
ingly toothed.     Flowers  numerous  in  corymbose  panicles,  small.     Sepals  7-10, 
minute.     Petals  narrow,  valvate.     Stamens   20-30.     Styles   united.     Capsules 
opening  between  the  ribs. 

1.  D.  barbara  L.  Stems  with  aerial  rootlets:  leaf -blades  leathery,  ovate,  oval 
or  suborbicular  or  rarely  obovate,  5-10  cm.  long,  toothed:  hypanthium  with 
a  prominent  border:  petals  oblong  to  linear-oblong,  3-4  mm.  long:  capsule- 
body  4-5  mm.  long,  with  a  conic  beak. 

River-banks  and  low  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  2.    ITEACEAE.    VIRGINIA-WILLOW  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  toothed.  Flowers  perfect, 
borne  in  racemes  or  panicles.  Calyx  of  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  5  narrow 
petals.  Androecium  of  5  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  2  united  carpels.  Cap- 
sule elongate,  2-grooved,  septicidal.  Seeds  flattened. 


24  EOSACEAE. 

1.  ITEA  [Gronov.]  L.  Shrubs  with  exstipulate  leaves.  Kacemes  narrow. 
Hypanthium  flattish,  not  accrescent. 

1.  I.   virginica  L.     Shrub   1-3   m.   tall,  twigs   and  racemes  pubescent:    leaf- 
blades    elliptic    to    oval    or    obovate,    5-14    cm.    long,    bristly    serrate:    sepals 
lanceolate,   1-1.5  mm.  long:    petals  linear  to  linear-lanceolate,  4  mm.'  long: 
filaments  pubescent:  capsules  6-8  mm.  long. — VIRGINIA- WILLOW. 
Swamps  or  low  grounds,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  3.    HAMAMELIDACEAE.    WITCH-HAZEL  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  mostly  toothed.  Flowers 
perfect,  monoecious,  or  polygamous,  variously  clustered  or  spicate.  Calyx 
of  4  or  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  narrow  petals,  or  wanting.  Androe- 
cium  of  4-many  stamens.  Gynoecium  2-  or  3-carpellary.  Ovary  2-  or 
3-celled:  styles  distinct.  Fruit  a  leathery  or  woody  capsule,  often  elas- 
tically  dehiscent. 

Petals  4,  ribbon-shaped  :  stamens  4  :  staminodia  4  :  filaments  short.      1.  HAMAMELIS. 
Petals  wanting :  stamens  about  24  :  filaments  club-shaped,  elongate.       2.  FOTHEBGILLA. 

1.  HAMAMELIS  L.    Shrubs  or  trees  with  perfect  or  polygamous  flowers, 
which  are  borne  3  together  on  short  lateral  peduncles.     Sepals  spreading  or 
reflexed.     Stamens  4;   filaments  short-subulate.     Capsule  abruptly  beaked. 

1.  H.  virginiana  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  suborbicular,  oval- 
elliptic  or  obovate,  4—15  cm.  long,  coarsely  crenate:  petals  yellow,  1-2  cm. 
long:  capsules  ovoid  to  subglobose,  12-15  mm.  long,  elastically  dehiscent. — 
WITCH-HAZEL. 

Rich  or  low  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Fall. 

2.  FOTHERGILLA    Murr.     Shrubs   with   monoecious   flowers,   which   are 
borne  in   dense  terminal   spikes.     Sepals   erect.     Stamens  numerous,  long-cla- 
vate.     Capsule  gradually  beaked. 

1.  F.  parvifolia  Kearney.  Gregarious  shrub  3-6  dm.  tall,  with  underground 
stems :  leaf -blades  suborbicular  to  oval,  or  broadly  ovate,  2-6  cm.  long,  coarsely 
toothed  mostly  from  below  the  middle  to  the  apex:  capsules  6-8  mm.  long. — 
DWARF-ALDER. 

Pinelands  or  oak-woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  4.    ROSACEAE.     ROSE  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  rarely  vines.  Leaves  mostly  alternate :  blades 
simple  or  compound,  often  stipulate.  Flowers  perfect  or  rarely  dioecious. 
Calyx  of  5,  or  rarely  4-9,  sepals  borne  on  the  edge  of  the  hypanthium, 
sometimes  accompanied  by  as  many  bractlets.  Corolla  of  as  many  distinct 
petals  as  there  are  sepals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  1  or  more  series 
of  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  1-many  carpels.  Ovary  1-celled  or  imperfectly 
2-celled.  Fruit  mostly  follicles  or  drupelets,  or  achenes  which  are  borne 
in  the  hypanthium  or  on  the  accrescent  receptacle. 

Fruit  not  enclosed  in  a  hollow  hypanthium. 

Carpels  1-5,  maturing  into  follicles.  1.  OPULASTER. 

Carpels  several  or  numerous,  maturing  into  drupelets.  2.  RDBUS. 

Fruit  consisting  of  several  achenes  enclosed  in  the  accrescent 

hypanthium.  3.  ROSA. 

1.  OPULASTEK,  Medic.  Shrubs.  Leaf-blades  palmately  lobed.  Flow- 
ers corymbose.  Stamens  numerous,  without  staminodia.  Carpels  1-5,  short- 
stipitate:  styles  filiform.  Stigmas  depressed-capitate.  Follicles  inflated. 


EOS  ACE  AE.  25 

1.  O.  stellatus  Rydb.  Low  shrub,  with  decidedly  pubescent  foliage:  leaf-blades 
1-4  cm.  long:  sepals  narrowly  ovate,  2-2.5  mm.  long:  follicles  mostly  4,  about 
5  mm.  long. — NINEBARK. 

Woods  and  banks  of  streams,  n.  Fla.     (Go.) — Spr. 

2.  RUBUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Perennial  erect  or  trailing  herbs  or  shrubs. 
Leaf-blades  simple  or  3-7-foliolate.  Flowers  solitary  or  variously  disposed. 
Carpels  borne  on  a  convex  or  conic  receptacle.  Fruit  hemispheric  or  elongate, 
composed  of  drupelets. — Spr. — RASPBERRY.  BLACKBERRY. 

Shoots  of  the  season  erect :  stems  erect,  arching,  or  recurved. 

Leaves  white-tomentose  beneath.  1.  R.  cuneifolius. 

Leaves  not  white-tomentose  beneath. 

Leaves  permanently  pubescent  beneath,  at  least  on  the 

veins.  2.  R.  floridus. 

Leaves  glabrous  beneath,  at  least  at  maturity.  3.  R.  betulifolius. 

Shoots  of  the  season,  and  stems,  prostrate,  the  floral  branches 

erect. 

Inflorescence  not  prickly :  leaves  not  persistent.  4.  R.  rhodophyllus. 

Inflorescence  with  flattened  prickles  :  leaves  persistent. 
Stem  decidedly  prickly,  not  bristly  :   inflorescence  usu- 
ally several-flowered.  5.  R.  lucidus. 
Stem  bristly  as  well  as  prickly  :  flowers  mostly  solitary.        6.  R.  trivialis. 

1.  R.  cuneifolius  Pursh.     Stems  biennial,  erect,  0.5-1.5  m.  high,  more  or  less 
tomentose,  armed  with  straight  or  somewhat  recurved  prickles:   leaves  of  the 
young  shoots  pedately  3-5-f oliolate :  blades  of  the  leaflets  obovate  or  cuneate- 
obovate,  thick,  dark-green  and  sparingly  pilose  or  glabrate  above,  white-tomen- 
tose beneath,  finely  serrate  except  towards  the  acute  or  cuneate  base:   floral 
branches  1-3   dm.  long:   leaves  1-3-f oliolate ;   blades  of  the  leaflets  2-4  cm. 
long,  more  cuneate  or  cuneate-oblanceolate :    inflorescence   corymbiform,  3-7- 
flowered,  tomentose  and  prickly:  sepals  white-tomentose  on  both  sides:  petals 
white,  obovate  to  elliptic,  8-12  mm.  long:   fruit  black,  rather  dry,  but  fine- 
flavored,  short-oblong,  10-12  mm.  long. — LATE-BLACKBERRY. 

Sandy  woods,  thickets,  and  fields,  n.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Cent.) 

2.  R.  floridus  Tratt.     Stems  biennial,  erect,  2-5  m.  high,  or  the  branches  de- 
cumbent, more  or  less  angled,  armed  with  stout,  flat,  strongly  curved  prickles: 
leaves  of  the  new  stems  3-5 -f oliolate :  petioles  and  petiolules  pilose  and  spar- 
ingly prickly:  blades  of  the  leaflets  oblong-lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  5-10 
cm.  long,  sparingly  pubescent  above,  pale  and  more  densely  puberulent  be- 
neath, but  in  age  nearly  glabrous  except  the  veins,  sharply  double-serrate: 
floral  branches  short:  leaves  3-f oliolate  or  the  upper  unif oliolate ;   blades  of 
the  leaflets  smaller,  more  glabrate,  elliptic  to  rhombic-oval:  flowers  in  rather 
few-flowered  more  or  less  leafy  corymbs;  peduncles  and  pedicels  densely  pubes- 
cent, sometimes  with  few  scattered  glands,  but  not  armed:   petals  white  or 
pinkish,  elliptic-obovate,  12-15  mm.  long. 

Pinelands  and  fields,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

3.  R.  betulifolius  Small.    Stems  biennial,  glabrous,  angled,  armed  with  recurved 
and   strongly  flattened   prickles,   erect   or   recurved-spreading :    leaves   of   the 
new  stems  5-f oliolate;  blades  of  the  leaflets  oblong-lanceolate,  evenly  serrate, 
thin,  glabrous  on  both  sides,  petioles,  petiolules  and  midveins  with  very  flat 
recurved  prickles,  glabrous  or  nearly  so:    flowering  branches   1-2   dm.  long, 
armed  with  recurved  prickles:   leaves  3-f  oliolate;   blades  of  the  leaflets  oval 
or  elliptic,  thin,  glabrous,  evenly  serrate,  shining  above:  inflorescence  corym- 
bose, somewhat  leafy-bracted  below,  sparingly  pubescent  and  armed  with  re- 
curved  prickles:    petals   white   or   pale    purplish,   elliptic-obovate,    12-15    mm. 
long:  fruit  rounded  or  slightly  elongate,  black. 

Swamps  and  wet  sandy  woods,  w.  Fla.     (Cont,) 

4.  R.  rhodophyllus  Rydb.     Stems  biennial,  decumbent,  terete,  pubescent  or  in 
age  glabrate,  armed  with  recurved  prickles,  which  are  flattened  only  at  the 


26  EOSACEAE. 

base;  leaves  of  the  new  stems  not  seen:  flowering  branches  1  dm.  long  or  less, 
villous:  leaves  3-f  oliolate;  blades  of  the  leaflets  broadly  obovate  or  ovate, 
finely  and  simply  serrate  with  broad  triangular  teeth,  closely  villous-tomentose 
beneath,  sparingly  hairy  or  glabrate  above:  inflorescence  corymbose,  few- 
flowered:  sepals  ovate,  mucronate,  villous  or  tomentose  without,  tomentulose 
within:  petals  white,  obovate,  10-12  mm.  long. 
Dry  woods  and  fields,  e.  Fla.  (Cont.) 

5.  R.  lucidus  Eydb.     Stems  biennial  or  perennial   (?),  trailing,  1-2  m.  long, 
terete,  rather  slender,  armed  with  recurved,  flattened  prickles:  leaves  of  the 
new  stems  mostly  5-foliolate,  persistent,  somewhat  leathery  in  age;  blades  of 
the  leaflets  lanceolate,  acute,  glabrous  on  both  sides,  regularly  serrate,  dark- 
green  and  shining  above,  paler  beneath:  floral  branches  1-2  dm.,  rarely  3  dm. 
long,  erect,  sparingly  pubescent  or  glabrate:  leaves  3-foliolate;  blades  of  the 
leaflets  oblanceolate :  flowers  in  terminal  2-6-flowered  corymbs:  peduncles  and 
pedicels  sparingly  pubescent  and  decidedly  prickly :  petals  obovate,  white,  12-15 
cm.  long:  fruit  elongate,  rather  dry. 

Open  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

6.  R.  trivialis  Michx.     Stems  biennial,  prostrate  and  trailing,  5-20  dm.  long, 
slender,  terete,  more  or  less  hispid  and  with  small,  slightly  flattened  prickles: 
leaves  of  the  new  stems  3-5-f  oliolate,  persistent ;  blades  of  the  leaflets  glabrous, 
subcoriaceous,  ovate  or  oblanceolate,  sharply  serrate,  dark-green  and  shining 
above,  paler  and   duller  beneath:    leaves  of  the  erect  flowering  branches  3- 
f oliolate;  blades  of  the  leaflets  smaller,  more  elliptic  or  oval,  rounded  or  obtuse 
at  the  apex:   flowers  terminal,  mostly  solitary:   peduncles  2-5  cm.  long,  more 
or  less  tomentulose  and  prickly:  petals  white,  obovate,  10-15  mm.  long:   fruit 
usually  oblong,  black. 

Thickets,  open  woods,  and  fields,  n.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

3.  ROSA  [Tourn.]  L.  Prickly  shrubs,  sometimes  vine-like.  Leaf-blades 
unequally  pinnate.  Flowers  solitary  or  in  corymbs,  often  showy.  Hypanthium 
urceolate.  Sepals  more  or  less  foliaceous.  Petals  5,  broad.  Stamens  many. 
Fruits  enclosed  in  the  pulpy  hypanthium. — Spr.-sum. — ROSE. 

Styles  much  exserted,  united,  about  equalling  the  stamens :  stipules  adnate :  sepals 

reflexed,  deciduous.  1.  R.  setiyera. 

Styles  not  exserted,  or  only  slightly  so,  distinct :  stigmas  form- 
ing a  head  closing  the  mouth  of  the  hypanthium. 
Stipules  almost  free  from  the  petiole :  introduced  climbers  or 

trailers. 
Stipules  small,  entire :  leaflets  3-5 :  plants  with  glabrous 

branches.  2.  R.  laevigata. 

Stipules    pectinate :    leaflets    7-9 :    plants    with    pubescent 

branches.  3.  R.  bracteata. 

Stipules  adnate  to  the  petiole :  native  erect  or  diffuse  plants. 
Infrastipular  prickles  decidedly  curved. 

Leaflets  mostly  7 :  flowers  usually  corymbose  on  erect 

branches  :  fruits  about  12  mm.  thick.  4.  R.  palustns. 

Leaflets  mostly  5  :  flowers  usually  solitary  or  2  together 

on  spreading  branches  :  fruits  8-9  mm.  thick.  5.  R.  floridana. 

Infrastipular  prickles  straight  or  nearly  so. 

Leaflets  5-7,  subcoriaceous  :  fruits  8-10  mm.  thick.  6,   R.  lancifolia. 

Leaflets  mostly  5,  membranous  :  fruits  10-15  mm.  thick. 

Leaflets  with  non-glandular  teeth.  7.  R.  Carolina. 

Leaflets  with  glandular  teeth.  8.  R.  serrulata. 

1.  R.  setigera  Michx.  Stems  2-5  m.  high,  climbing,  glabrous,  armed  with 
scattered,  curved,  flattened  prickles:  leaflets  3,  or  on  the  new  shoots  some- 
times 5,  the  median  long-petiolulate,  the  lateral  ones  nearly  sessile;  blades 
lanceolate,  or  rarely  ovate,  4-9  cm.  long,  dark-green,  glabrous  and  shining 
above,  pale  and  glabrous  beneath:  flowers  corymbose:  pedicels  glandular- 
hispid:  hypanthium  globose  or  rounded-ellipsoid,  more  or  less  glandular-hispid, 


ROSACE AE.  27 

in  fruit  about  1  cm.  broad:   sepals  glandular-hispid  on  the  back:   petals  2-3 
cm.  long,  rose-colored. — CLIMBING-ROSE.    PRAIRIE-ROSE. 
Thickets,  low  grounds,  and  woods,  m.  and  w.  Fla.     (Vont.) 

2.  R.  laevigata  Miehx.     Stems  high-climbing,  2-5  m.  high,  armed  with  stout 
recurved,  more  or  less  flattened  prickles,  rarely  with  some  intermixed  bristles: 
leaflets  3  or  rarely  5;  blades  lanceolate  or  elliptic,  finely  but  sharply  serrate, 
evergreen,  subcoriaceous,  glabrous,  dark-green  and  shining  above,  paler  and 
reticulate    beneath,    petioluled:    flowers    solitary:    peduncle    and    hypanthium 
strongly  hispid:   sepals  often  more  or  less  glandular-bristly:   petals  cuneate- 
obcordate,   3^i   cm.   long,   white   or   rarely  rose-colored:    hypanthium   in   fruit 
pyriform,  bristly,  3.5-4  cm.  long,  2  cm.  broad. — CHEROKEE-ROSE. 

Woods,   roadsides,   and  thickets,   n.   Fla.   and  the   upper   pen.      Nat.   of  China. 
(Cont.,  W.  I.) 

3.  R.  bracteata  Wendl.     Stems  usually  decumbent  or  sarmentose,  armed  with 
usually  paired  stout  recurved  prickles:    leaflets  5-9,  persistent;   blades  cori- 
aceous, glabrous  or  lightly  pubescent  on  the  midvein  beneath,  dark-green  and 
shining  above,  paler  beneath,  obovate,  finely  serrulate,  short-petioluled :  flowers 
solitary  or  a  few  together,  short-pedicelled :  sepals  tomentose  on  both  sides: 
petals  white,  about  3  cm.  long,  deeply  obcordate:  hypanthium  in  fruit  pyri- 
form,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  and  nearly  as  broad,  densely  tomentose. — MACARTXY- 

ROSE. 

Pine  woods  and  thickets,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.    Nat.  of  China.    (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

4.  R.  palustris  Marsh.     Stems  usually  tall,  0.3-2  m.  high,  erect,  armed  with 
strong  but  rather  short,  more  or  less  curved  prickles,  which  are  usually  paired: 
leaflets  7,  rarely  9;  blades  dull  and  dark-green,  glabrous  or  nearly  so  above, 
paler  and  more   or  less  finely  appressed-puberulent  beneath,   short-petiolate, 
lance-elliptic  or  oblanceolate  on  vigorous  shoots,  finely  and  closely  serrulate, 
with  simple  non-glandular  teeth:  flowers  usually  corymbose,  sometimes  solitary, 
leafy -bracted :  hypanthium  subglobose  or  somewhat  depressed,  glandular-hispid, 
usually  acute  at  the  base,  in  fruit  10-12  mm.  broad:  sepals  tomentose  within 
and  on  the  margins,   reflexed  or  spreading   after  anthesis,   soon   deciduous: 
petals   obcordate,   rose-colored,   1.5-2   cm.   long.      [R.   Carolina  L.    1762.      Not 
E.  Carolina,  L.  1753.] — SWAMP-ROSE. 

Swamps  and  low  grounds,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

5.  R.  floridana  Eydb.     Stems  low,  1  m.  high  or  less  with  spreading  flexuous 
branches,  armed  with  short  curved  prickles:  leaflets  5;  blades  dull  and  dark- 
green  and  glabrous  above,  somewhat  paler  and  usually  wholly  glabrous  beneath, 
finely  and  closely  serrulate,  with  simple,  non-glandular  teeth:   flowers  usually 
solitary,  rarely  in  pairs:  hypanthium  globose  or  somewhat  depressed,  glandular- 
hispid,  in  fruit  8-9  mm.  thick:  sepals  tomentose  on  the  margins:  petals  obcor- 
date, 1.5-2  cm.  long,  rose-colored. 

Open  woods,  e.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

6.  R.   lancifolia  Small.     Stems  branching,    1-2   m.   high,   armed  with   stout, 
straight   prickles:    leaflets   3-7;    blades   lanceolate   or   oblong-lanceolate,   sub- 
coriaceous,  finely  crenate-serrulate,  glabrous,  somewhat  shining  above,  sessile: 
flowers  corymbose:   hypanthium  somewhat  glandular-hispid,  globose,  in  fruit 
8-10  mm.  thick :  sepals  often  with  a  few  subulate  lateral  lobes :  petals  not  seen. 

Margins  of  cypress  swamps,  pen.  Fhi.      (Endemic.) 

7.  R.  Carolina  L.     Stems  low,  slender,  3-10  dm.  high,  terete,  glabrous,  usually 
very  bristly  when  young  and  armed  with  slender,  straight,  paired,  terete,  infra- 
stipular   prickles   5-8    (rarely    10)    mm.    long;    branches    usually    not    bristly, 
either  with  infrastipular  prickles  or   sometimes  unarmed:    leaflets  usually   5, 
rarely  7;  blades  elliptic  or  lance-elliptic,  rarely  oval  or  oblanceolate,  glabrous 
but  not  very  shining  above,  usually  somewhat  paler  and  pubescent  on  the  veins 
or  glabrate  beneath,  sharply  and  regularly  serrate  with  ascending  teeth,  usually 


28  MALACEAE. 

acute  at  both  ends  or  obtuse  at  the  apex,  short-petiolulate ;  flowers  usually 
solitary:  hypanthium  globose  or  a  little  depressed,  glandular-hispid,  in  fruit 
about  10  mm.  broad:  sepals  tomentose  within,  all,  or  at  least  the  outer  ones, 
with  linear  or  subulate  lobes:  petals  rose-colored,  2-2.5  cm.  long. — LOW-ROSE. 
Dry  woods  and  hillsides,  n.  Fla.  (Cant.) 

8.  B.  serrulata  Eaf.  Stems  slender,  terete,  glabrous,  3-10  dm.  high,  bristly, 
especially  the  young  shoots,  armed  with  slender  straight  infrastipular  prickles: 
leaflets  usually  5,  rarely  3  or  7;  blades  lance-elliptic  or  rarely  oval,  light-green, 
glabrous  or  nearly  so  and  somewhat  shining  above,  often  paler,  glabrous  or 
slightly  pubescent  on  the  veins  and  sometimes  glandular  beneath,  sharply 
serrate  with  gland-tipped  teeth:  flowers  solitary:  hypanthium  globose  or 
slightly  depressed,  glandular-hispid,  in  fruit  10-15  mm.  broad:  sepals  tomen- 
tose within,  some  of  them  usually  with  lanceolate  or  subulate  appendages: 
petals  rose-colored,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long. 
Thickets,  n.  Fla.  (Cont.) 

FAMILY  5.     CALYCANTHACEAE.     STRAWBERRY-SHRUB  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  with  an  aromatic  bark.  Leaves  opposite:  blades 
usually  entire:  stipules  wanting.  Flowers  perfect,  terminal.  Calyx  and 
corolla  of  several  sepals  and  petals  each,  borne  on  the  edge  of  the  hypan- 
thium. Androecium  of  many  stamens,  those  of  the  inner  series  reduced 
to  staminodia.  Gynoecium  of  numerous  distinct  carpels  borne  on  the  inside 
of  the  hypanthium.  Fruit  consisting  of  several  achenes  enclosed  in  the 
capsule-like  hypanthium. 

1.  CALYCANTHUS  Duham.  Shrubs  with  opposite  branches.  Flowers 
often  strawberry  scented,  the  perianth,  wholly  or  mainly,  dull  purple.  Mature 
hypanthium  nodding. — CAROLINA- ALLSPICE. 

1.  C.  floridus   (L.)   Kearney.     Shrub  0.5-3  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  4-14  cm.  long, 
entire:   sepals  and  petals  mostly  linear  or  nearly  so,  1.5-2  cm.  long:  mature 
hypanthium  finely  tomentose. — SHRUB.    STRAWBERRY-SHRUB.     SWEET-SHRUB. 
Hillsides  and  along  streams,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  6.    MALACEAE.    APPLE  FAMILY. 

Trees  or  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  simple  and  pinnately  veined, 
or  pinnately  compound.  Flowers  perfect,  regular.  Hypanthium  adnate 
to  the  ovary.  Calyx  of  mostly  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  mostly  5  petals. 
Androecium  of  numerous,  or  rarely  few,  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  2-5 
wholly  or  partially  united  carpels,  or  rarely  of  1  carpel.  Fruit  a  more  or 
less  fleshy  pome,  being  the  thickened  hypanthium  enclosing  the  carpels. 

Carpels  papery  or  leathery  at  maturity. 

Cavities  of  the  ovary  (carpels)  as  many  as  the  styles.  1.  ABOXIA. 

Cavities  of  the  ovary  becoming  twice  as  many  as  the  styles.  2.  AMELANCHIER. 

Carpels  bony  at  maturity.  3.  CKATAEGUS. 

1.  ARONIA  Pers.  Leaf-blades  simple,  shallowly  toothed.  Cymes  com- 
pound. Pomes  berry-like,  globular  to  pyriform. — Spr. — CHOKEBERRY. 

Cymes  and  lower  surfaces  of  the  leaf-blades  woolly  :  fruit  red  or  purple-black. 

Fruit  broadly  pyriform,  bright-red.  1.  A.  arbtitifolia. 

Fruit  oval  or  globose,  purple-black.  2.  A.  atropurpuren. 

Cymes  and  surfaces  of  the  leaf-blades  glabrous  :  fruit  black  or 

purplish.  3.  A.  mebmooarpa. 

1.  A.  arbutifolia    (L.)    Ell.     Shrub  sometimes  reaching  a  height  of  3.5  m.: 
leaf -blades  oval,  oblong  or  obovate,  obtuse  or  abruptly  short-pointed  at  the 


MALACEAE.  29 

apex,  narrowed  or  somewhat  cuneate  at  the  base,  2.5-7.5  cm.  long,  serrulate- 
crenulate :  cymes  terminal,  but  at  length  overtopped  by  the  young  sterile  shoots : 
corolla  white  or  purplish-tinged,  8-12  mm.  broad:  pomes  4-6  mm.  in  diameter, 
long-persistent. 

Swamps  and  low  pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  A.  atropurpurea  Britton.     Shrub  reaching  a  height  of  4  m. :  leaf -blades  and 
flowers  quite  similar  to  those  of  the  preceding  species:  pomes  oval  to  globose, 
6-10  mm.  long,  purple-black. 

Low  grounds,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

3.  A.  melanocarpa  (Michx.)  Ell.     Shrub  resembling  the  preceding  species,  but 
larger:  leaf -blades  obovate  or  oval,  obtuse,  acute,  or  abruptly  acuminate  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  or  cuneate  at  the  base,  crenulate:   flowers  similar  to  those  of 
the  preceding  species :  hypanthium  and  pedicels  nearly  glabrous :  pomes  globose 
or  oval,  6-8  mm.  in  diameter.     [A.  nigra  (Willd.)  Britton.] 

and  low  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 


2.  AMELANCHIEE,'  Medic.     Leaf -blades  simple,  toothed  or  rarely  entire. 
Cymes  simple.    Ponies  berry-like,  globular. — Winter-spr. — SERVICE-BERRY.    MAY 
CHERRY. 

Leaf-blades  rounded  or  cordate  at  the  base,  glabrous,  at  least  at  maturity. 

1.  A.  canadensis. 
Leaf-blades  narrowed  at  the  base,  permanently  pubescent.  2.  A.  oblongifolia. 

1.  A.  canadensis  (L.)  Medic.     Tree  becoming  17  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  rounded 
or  cordate  at  the  base,  sharply  and  finely  serrate,  sometimes  sparingly  pubes- 
cent  when   young,   but   early   glabrous,   2.5-7.5    cm.   long:    pedicels   slender: 
petals  linear,  linear-spatulate  or  linear-oblong,  12-18  mm.  long,  3-4  times  the 
length  of  the  nearly  or  quite  glabrous  calyx  and  hypanthium:  pomes  globose, 
red  or  purple,  sweet,  about  6  mm.  in  diameter. 

Dry  woods,  m.  and  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  A.  oblongifolia  (T.  &  G.)  Eoemer.     Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  foliage  and  in- 
florescence densely  white-woolly  when  young,  often  nearly  or  quite  glabrous 
when  old:   leaf -blades  rounded,  or  sometimes  narrowed  or  subcordate  at  the 
base,  finely  and  sharply  serrate  nearly  all  around :   pedicels  short,  seldom  over 
2.5  cm.  long:  petals  spatulate  or  linear-spatulate,  6-14  mm.  long,  twice  or  thrice 
as  long  as  the  calyx  and  hypanthium :  pomes  6-8  mm.  in  diameter. — SHAD-BUSH. 

Sandy  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Con*.) 

3.  CBATAEGUS  L.2    Small  trees  or  shrubs,  usually  armed  with  thorns  or 
spines.     Leaves  alternate:  blades  simple,  petioled.     Flowers  terminal,  cymose 
or  corymbose.     Hypanthium  cup-shaped  or  campanulate,  adnate  to  the  carpels. 
Sepals  5,  reflexed  after  anthesis.     Corolla  white  or  pink.     Petals  5,  spreading, 
rounded,  inserted  on  the  margin  of  the  disk  in  the  throat  of  the  hypanthium. 
Stamens  5-25,  inserted  in  1-3  rows  on  the  edge  of  the  hypanthium:  filaments 
slender,    incurved:    anthers    oblong    or    suborbicular,    white,    yellow,    pink    or 
purple.     Ovary  inferior,  or  its  summit  free,  composed  of  1-5  carpels:   styles 
1-5,   not  united,   persistent:    stigmas   terminal.     Pome    globose,   pyriform   or 
oval,   yellow,   orange-red,   blue   or   black,   containing   1-5   bony   carpels,   each 

*The  following  species  of  Amelanchier  have  been  reported  from  Florida. 
Imperfect  specimens  of  Amelanchier  were  collected  in  northern  Florida  many 
years  ago.  The  genus  has  not  been  observed  in  the  state  in  recent  years. 

2  Descriptions  and  keys  taken  from  the  monograph  of  Crataegus  by  Mr.  C. 
D.  Beadle,  published  in  my  Flora  of  the  Southeastern  United  States  (1903)  and 
in  the  second  edition  of  the  same  work  (1913). 


30 


MALACEAE. 


usually  1-seeded.  Seed  erect,  the  testa  membranous.  —  HAW.  —  The  plants 
bloom  in  the  spring. — All  the  species  of  Crataegus  known  to  occur  in  Florida 
are  described  below. 

Hypostyle  short  and  broad,  upwardly  and  dorsally  extended  over  the  apex  of  the 

nutlets.  I.  COEDATAE. 

Hypostyle  confined  to  the  ventral  or  lateral  surface  of  the 
nutlets,  abruptly  terminated  nt  the  apex. 

a.  Corymbs  simple,  2-5-flowered,  glabrous,  expanding  in 

February  and  early  March :  fruit  globose,  red  or 

orange-red,  ripening  from  May  to  July.  II.  AESTIVALES. 

b.  Corymbs  compound,  many-flowered,   usually  glabrous 

(pilose  in  nos.  13  and  16),  stamens  normally  20: 

fruit  red  or  yellow,  less  than  1   cm.  in  diameter.        III.  VIKIDES. 

c.  Corymbs   4-10-flowered,  glabrous   or  very  nearly  so : 

stamens  20 :  fruit  glabrous,  15  mm.  in  diameter 
or  less,  at  maturity  yellow,  orange,  green  or  red, 
the  flesh  firm  :  leaf -blades  glabrous  when  grown, 
ovate,  lanceolate,  elliptic  or  sometimes  obovate, 
serrate  and  shallowly  incised  (deeply  incised  in 
no.  40).  IV.  SAHGENTIANAE. 

d.  Corymbs  similar  to  those  of  the  next  preceding  sec- 

tion :  fruit  small,  oval,  subpyriform  or  globose : 
leaf-blades  deeply  and  acutely  incised  or  with 
numerous  serrate  rounded  lobe-like  incisions.  V.  PULCHEREIMAE. 

e.  Corymbs  1-,  2-  or  3-flowered,  or  frequently  5-7-flow- 

ered,  the  pedicels  and  hypanthium  either  glabrous, 
pubescent    or    tomentose :    fruit    glabrous,    yellow, 
green,  orange  or  red,  the  flesh  usually  soft,  and 
pleasant  to  the  taste :  leaf-blades  various  in  out- 
line, serrate,  crenate,  dentate  or  entire,  pubescent 
or  glabrous  :  branches  often  pendulous. 
Flowers   produced   in   few-flowered,   mostly   5-7-flow- 
ered  corymbs :  pedicels  and  hypanthium  pubes- 
cent or  glabrous    (densely  white-tomentose  in 
no.  78)  :  leaf -blades  serrate,  dentate  or  crenate, 
pubescent  or  glabrous :   branches  spreading  or 
ascending  or   occasionally   drooping   as  in   the 
VISENDAB. 
Leaf-blades   serrate   or   coarsely    and   Irregularly 

dentate.  VI.  SOEOEIAE. 

Leaf-blades   finely   dentate   or   glandular-dentate, 

usually  with  several  tooth-like  lobes.  VII.  VISENDAE. 

Flowers  produced  In  few-flowered,  mostly  3-5-flow- 
ered  corymbs  :  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomen- 
tose or  pubescent :  leaf-blades  dentate,  crenate 
or  entire,  either  tomentose,  pubescent  or 
glabrous :  branches  mostly  drooping. 
Mature  fruit  globose,  subglobose  or  oval. 

Fruit  averaging  1   cm.   in  diameter  or  more. 

Leaf-blades  entire  or  nearly  so.  VIII.  INTEGEAE. 

Leaf-blades  toothed,  often  lobed.  IX.  DENTATAE. 

Fruit  averaging  less  than  1  cm.  in  diameter.  X.  ANISOPHTLLAB. 

Mature  fruit  pyriform. 

Fruits  1.5-2  cm.  long,  over  1  cm.  thick.  XI.  COLONICAE. 

Fruits  smaller.  XII.  RECURVAE. 

Flowers  solitary,  2  or  3  together  (usually  more  in 
no.  132)  :  pedicels  and  hypanthium  glabrous  or 
pubescent :  leaves  small ;  blades  cuneate  or  spatu- 
late,  or  sometimes  with  abruptly  contracted  bases  : 
spines  usually  numerous :  sepals  narrow.  XIII.  LEPIDAE. 

f.  Corymbs  with  a  single  flower  each,  or  2  or  3  flowers, 

or  occasionally  more :  sepals  long  and  usually  con- 
spicuously incised :  fruit  globose  or  pyriform,  at 
maturity  red,  yellow  or  greenish,  the  flesh  firm  : 
leaves  relatively  small ;  blades  spatulate,  elliptic 
or  ovate :  spines  usually  numerous,  long  and 
slender.  XIV.  UNIFLORAE. 

g.  Corymbs    several-many-flowered,    glabrous :    stamens 

7-20 :  fruit  red,  green  and  red  or  yellow,  the  flesh 
firm  or  succulent :  leaf-blades  mostly  shining,  obo- 
vate, spatulate,  oval  or  elliptic,  glabrous  or  nearly 
so  when  fully  grown  :  branches  frequently  armed 
with  numerous  large  spines,  or  occasionally 
unarmed.  XV.  CBDS-GALLI. 


MALACEAE. 


31 


I.     CORDATAE. 

Leaf-blades  broadly  ovate,  cordate,  truncate  or  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base. 

1.  C.  apiifolia. 

Leaf-blades  spatulate  or  oblanceolate,  narrowed   or  cuneate 
at  the  base. 


II.     AESTIVALES. 

Shoots,  petioles,  and  lower  surfaces  of  the  leaf-blades  rufous- 

tomentose. 
Shoots,  petioles,  and  leaves  glabrous  or  nearly  so. 

Leaf-blades  with  abruptly  contracted  bases. 

Leaf-blades  with  cuneate  or  narrowed  bases. 

III.     VIRIDES. 

Leaf-blades  coarsely  and  Irregularly  serrate,  often  with  blunt 

or  acute  shallow  lobes. 
Leaf-blades  ample,  2-4  cm.  wide. 
Leaf-blades    (exclusive  of  those  on  the  shoots)    1-2  cm. 

wide  :  twigs  very  spiny. 
Leaf-blades  all  sharply  serrate  and  incisely  lobed. 

IV.     SARGENTIANAE. 

Mature    fruit    yellow,    orange-yellow,    or    green    sometimes 
checked   with    red  :    anthers    dark-purple  :    leaf-blades   not 


conspicuously  elongate. 


2.  C.  spathulata. 


3.  C.  aestivalis. 


4.  C.  maleoides. 

5.  C.  luculenta. 


6.  C.  viridis. 


7.  C.  paludosa. 

8.  C.  subviridis. 


9.  C.  contrita. 


V.     PULCHERRIMAE. 


10.  C.  pulcherrima. 

11.  C.  abstrusa. 


Fruit  oval  at  maturity,  the  flesh  attenuate  with  the  pedicels. 
Fruit  6-8  mm.  long. 
Fruit  10-12  mm.  long. 
Fruit  globose  or  nearly  so,  the  flesh  not  attenuate  with  the 

pedicel. 
Leaves  more  than  2  cm.  wide. 

Leaf-borders  with  round,  usually  sharp-pointed,  lobes.    12.  C.  assimttis. 
Leaf-borders  with  acute  lobes.  13.  C.  robur. 

Leaves    (exclusive   of  those  on   the  shoots)    mostly   less 

than  2  cm.  wide.  14.  C.  concinna. 

VI.     SORORIAE. 

Anthers  yellow,  white,  or  cream-color. 

Fruit  yellow  and  red,  or  orange-red  with  ruddy  cheeks. 
Fruit  deep-  or  bright-red. 

Pedicels  short,  pubescent,  at  least  in  anthesis. 
Pedicels  1  cm.  or  more  long,  white-tomentose. 
Anthers  purple  or  purplish. 


15.  C.  galbana. 

16.  C.  abdita. 

17.  O.  consanguinec 


VII.     VISENDAE. 


Fruit   pyriform,   yellow   or   orange-yellow,    often   flushed   or 

cheeked  with  red.  18.  C.  visenda. 

Fruit  subglobose  or  oval. 

Leaf-blades  with  large  blunt  or  rounded  lobes.  19.  C.  egregia. 

Leaf-blades  with  numerous  small,  tooth-like  lobes. 

Anthers  pink  or  pale-purple :  inflorescence  pubescent.    20.  C.  quaesita. 
Anthers  white :  inflorescence  densely  white  woolly.          21.  C.  egens. 

VIII.     INTEGRAE. 
Fruit  red. 

Anthers  light-yellow  :   calyx  deciduous.  22.  C.  Integra. 

Anthers  pale-purple :  calyx  persistent.  23.  C.  adunca. 

Fruit  yellow,  orange,  or  orange-red,  the  cheeks  often  flushed. 

Pubescence  of  the  corymbs  copious  but  thin.  24.  C.  panda. 

Pubescence   of  the   corymbs  densely  white-woolly. 

Vernal    leaves   bright-green :    pedicels    at    maturity    1 

cm.  long  or  more.  25.  C.  dapsilis. 

Vernal  leaves  gray-green:  pedicels  very  short.  26.  C.  rava. 


IX.     DENTATAE. 

Fruit  red  at  maturity.  27.  C.  compitalis. 

Fruit  yellow,  orange  or  orange-red,  the  cheeks  often  red. 

Pedicels    clothed    with    white    spreading    hairs :    flowers 

2-2.5  cm.  wide.  28.  C.  clara. 

Pedicels  white-woolly.  29.  C.  arnica. 


32 


MALACEAE. 


X.     ANISOPHYLLAE. 

Fruit   orange,   often   with   flushed  cheeks :    leaf-blades 

at  the  apex. 
Fruit  red  or  reddish :  leaf-blades  lobed  and  toothed. 


30.  C.  anisophylla. 

31.  C.  viaria. 


XI.     COLONICAE. 
Leaf-blades  dentate,  slightly  glandular-margined. 


32.  C.  vicuna. 


XII.      RECURVAE. 

Leaf-blades    (exclusive  of  those  on  the  shoots)    less  than  2 

cm.   wide. 
Fruit  red. 
Fruit  yellow,  orange,  or  orange-red,  cheeked  or  splotched 

with  red. 
Prevailing  leaves  with  the  blades  abruptly  contracted 

at  the  base. 

Fruit  8-12  mm.  thick :  spines  mostly  1-2  cm.  long. 
Leaf-blades  conspicuously  dentate  and  glandular. 
Leaf-blades    subentire,    the    glands    less    con- 
spicuous. 

Blades  obovate  or  suborbicular. 
Blades  much  more  elongate. 

Fruit  smaller:  spines  numerous,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long. 
Prevailing  leaves  with  the  blades  cuneate  at  the  base, 

or  with  long-winged  petioles. 
Mature  leaves  more  than  1  cm.  wide. 

Vernal  leaves  long,  conspicuously  overreaching 

the  flowers. 
Petioles  mostly  short,  never  as  long  as  the 

blades. 
Petioles     mostly     elongate,     sometimes     as 

long  as  the  blades. 
Flowers  large :  sepals  4-5  mm.  long. 
Flowers  small :  sepals  very  small. 
Vernal  leaves  less  than  2  cm.  long,  the  petioles 


33.   C.  recvrra. 


C.  inopina. 
C.  villaris. 
C.  curva. 


3.  C.  adusta. 


C.  illudens. 
C.  versuta. 


fhite-woolly.  41.  C.  incana. 

Mature  leaves  less  than  1  cm.  wide.  42.  C.  crocea. 
Some  or  all  of  the  leaves  (exclusive  of  those  on  the  shoots) 

2  cm.  wide  ;  pubescence  of  the  inflorescence  copious  but  thin.  43.  C.  audens. 

XIII.     LEPIDAE. 
Fruit  globose  at  maturity. 

Inflorescence  tomentose :   leaf-blades  abruptly  contracted 

below.  44.  C.  lepida. 

Inflorescence  glabrous :   leaf-blades  cuneate  or  spatulate.    45.  C.  lacrimata. 
Fruit  pyriform  or  nearly  so.  46.  C.  condigna. 

XIV.     UNIFLORAE. 
Mature  fruit  pyriform  :  sepals  narrow.  47.  C.  Earlei. 


XV.     CRUS-GALLI. 
Ripe  fruits  bright,  shining,   red  :   spines  slender. 


48.  C.  pyracanthoid.es. 


1.  C.  apiifolia  (Marsh.)  Michx.     A  shrub,  or  a  small  tree,  2-6  m.  tall,  with 
smooth  gray  bark,  usually  with  several  crooked  stems.     Leaf -blades  broadly 
ovate  or  orbicular,  2-4  cm.  long,  2-4.  em.  wide,  acute  at  the  apex,  mostly 
truncate  or  cordate  at  the  base,  pubescent,  at  least  when  young,  pinnately  and 
deeply  5-7-cleft,  the  lobes  sharply  serrate:  corymbs  subsimple,  3-10-flowered : 
pedicels  and  hypanthium  pilose-pubescent:  sepals  la'nceolate,  usually  glandular- 
serrate  and  colored  at  the  tips:   corolla  10-12  mm.  broad:   stamens  about  20, 
the  anthers  pink  or  purplish:    fruit  oblong  or  oval,   4-7  mm.   long,   scarlet: 
nutlets  1-3,  the  hypostyle  upwardly  and  dorsally  extended  over  the  apex. — 
PARSLEY-HAW. 

Low  rich  soil  and  swamps,  and  on  banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  C.  spathulata  Michx.     A  shrub  or  small  tree,  sometimes  6-8  m.  tall,  with 
gray  or  brown  smooth  or  minutely  scaly  bark  and  usually  several  stems.    Leaf- 
blades  spatulate  or  oblanceolate,  1-4  cm.  long,  5-20  mm.  wide,  narrowed  into 


MALACEAE.  33 

winged  petioles,  obtuse  or  subacute  at  the  apex,  the  borders  crenate  or  crenate- 
serrate  and  frequently  incisely  2-3-lobed,  glabrous  or  very  nearly  so,  shining 
above:  corymbs  compound,  many-flowered,  glabrous:  pedicels,  hypanthium  and 
short  triangular  sepals  glabrous:  corolla  7-10  mm.  broad:  stamens  about  20: 
fruit  globose,  red  at  maturity,  4-6  mm.  in  diameter:  nutlets  3-5,  the  hypostyle 
upwardly  and  dorsally  extended  over  the  apex. — SMALL-FRUITED  HAW. 
Moist  rich  soil  and  banks  of  streams,  n.  Fla.  (Cont.) 

3.  C.  aestivalis   (Walt.)   T.  &  G.     A  tree  5-9  m.  tall,  or  a  large  shrub  with 
several  stems,  the  bark  dark  reddish  brown,  fissured  and  scaly.     Leaf-blades 
elliptic,   oblong,    oblong-cuneate   or   obovate,    2-7    cm.   long,   1.5-3    cm.   wide, 
either  acute  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  contracted  below  into  winged 
petioles,  dentate,  sinuate  or  crenate-serrate,  tomentose  with  a  pale  or  rufous 
covering  when  young,   becoming  in  age   glabrate   or   glabrous   above,   below 
rufous-tomentose,  especially  along  the  midrib  and  veins:  corymbs  2-5-flowered, 
simple:   pedicels  and  hypanthium  glabrous:   sepals  triangular,  usually  colored 
near  the  tips,  minutely  serrate  or  entire :  stamens  about  20,  the  anthers  purple : 
fruit  depressed-globose,  red  at  maturity,  punctate,   12-15  mm.  in  diameter: 
nutlets  3-5,  the  hypostyle  confined  to  the  lateral  faces  and  terminated  at  the 
ventral  apex. — MAY-HAW. 

Shallow  ponds  and  banks  of  streams,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

4.  C.  maleoides  Sarg.     A  small  tree  4-5  m.  tall,  or  more  frequently  a  large 
shrub  with  several  stems.     Leaf -blades  oval,  obovate  or  nearly  orbicular,  those 
of  the  shoots  usually  ovate,  1.5-5  cm.  long,  1-4  cm.  broad,  glabrous  or  with 
tufts  of  hairs  in  the  axils  of  the  veins  beneath,  acute  or  rounded  at  the  apex, 
narrowed  or  contracted  below  into  short  winged  petioles,  serrate,  and  at  least 
on  the  shoots  shallowly  incised:   corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:    pedicels  and 
hypanthium  glabrous:   sepals  lanceolate,  usually  colored:   stamens  15-20,  the 
anthers  purple:   fruit  subglobose  or  slightly  oval,  at  maturity  red,  8-12  mm. 
thick:  nutlets  3-5,  the  hypostyle  confined  to  the  lateral  surfaces. 

Wet  or  moist  soil  bordering  streams,  Volusia  County.      (Endemic.) 

5.  C.  luculenta  Sarg.     A  slender  tree  4-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray  or  dark 
reddish  brown  bark.     Leaf-blades  spatulate  or  cuneiform,  frequently  ovate  or 
obovate  on  the  shoots,  2-4  cm.  long,   1-3   cm.  broad  or  larger  on  vigorous 
branches,  cuneate  or  contracted  at  the  base  into  margined  petioles,  acute  or 
bluntly  pointed  at  the  apex,  irregularly  serrate  and  incised,  glabrous  when 
fully  grown,  or  with  tufts  of  pale  hairs  in  the  axils  of  the  principal  veins 
beneath:    corymbs  2-5-flowered,  simple:   pedicels,  hypanthium  and  lanceolate 
sepals  glabrous:  corolla  15-18  mm.  broad:  stamens  15-20,  the  anthers  purple: 
fruit  globose   or  subglobose,  8-10  mm.   in  diameter,  orange-red  when   ripe: 
nutlets  3-5,  4-6  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  3-4  mm.  long. 

Swampy  woods,  Volusia  County.      (Endemic.) 

6.  C.  viridis  L.     A  tree  often  6-10  m.  tall,  with  gray  or  reddish  brown  fissured 
and    frequently    exfoliating    bark.      Leaf-blades    ovate-lanceolate,    elliptic    or 
oblong-obovate,  rarely  ovate,  2-7  cm.  long,  2-4  em.  wide,  or  larger  on  the 
shoots,  acute  or  bluntly  pointed  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  abruptly  contracted 
at  the  base,  irregularly  serrate  and  often  with  acute  or  blunt  shallow  lobes, 
glabrous  or  with  tufts  of  pale  hairs  in  the  axils  of  the  veins  beneath:  corymbs 
compound,  many-flowered,  glabrous:  corolla  10-14  mm.  wide:  stamens  normally 
20:  fruit  globose  or  subglobose,  4-7  mm.  in  diameter,  red  or  orange-red  when 
ripe:  nutlets  usually  5,  the  hypostyle  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  ventral  angle. 

Low  ground  and  moist  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

7.  O.  paludosa  Sarg.     A  small  tree  4-5  m.  tall,  with  gray  or  reddish  brown 
bark,  or  more  frequently  a  large  shrub  with  several  stems  and  spiny  branches. 
Leaf-blades  oval,  elliptic,  obovate  or  oblanceolate,  or  on  the  shoots  ovate,  2-4 
cm.  long,  7-30  mm.  wide,  mostly  acute  at  the  apex,  cuneate,  contracted  or  on 

Shrubs   of  Florida — 3. 


34  MALACEAE. 

the  shoots  rounded  at  the  base,  glabrous  or  with  tufts  of  pale  hairs  in  the 
axils  of  the  veins  beneath,  serrate,  occasionally  cleft  or  incised,  especially  on 
vigorous  shoots:  corymbs  several-many-flowered:  stamens  about  20,  the  anthers 
purple:  fruit  subglobose  or  short-oval,  5-8  mm.  in  diameter,  red  or  orange-red 
at  maturity:  nutlets  3-5,  the  hypostyle  three-fourths  the  length  of  the  ventral 
angle. 

Low  grounds  and  banks  of  streams,  Volusla  County.     (Endemic.) 

8.  C.  subviridis  Beadle.     A  tree  6-8  m.  tall,  with  gray  bark.     Leaf-blades 
ovate,  obovate  or  oval,  2.5-6  cm.  long,  1-4  cm.  wide,  or  larger  on  the  shoots, 
acute  or  acuminate,  rarely  rounded  at  the  apex,  contracted  or  narrowed  at  the 
base,  or  on  the  shoots  rounded  and  truncate,  glabrous  or  glabrate  when  fully 
grown,   the   borders   serrate   and   incisely   lobed:    corymbs    compound,   many- 
flowered,  pilose-pubescent:    pedicels   and  hypanthium   sparsely  pilose:    sepals 
narrowly  lanceolate,  entire  or  minutely  serrate,  pubescent  on  the  inner  surface, 
at  least  at  flowering  time:    corolla  12-15  mm.  wide:    stamens  normally  20: 
fruit  globose,  5-7  mm.  in  diameter:  nutlets  3-5,  about  5  mm.  long,  the  hypo- 
style  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  nutlet. 

Low  woods  and  banks  of  streams,  near  Chattahoochee.     (Endemic.) 

9.  C.   contrita  Beadle.     A   tree   sometimes   6-7   m.   tall,   with   ashy   gray   or 
brownish  scaly  bark,  or  more  frequently  a  large  shrub  with  spreading  branches. 
Leaf-blades  ovate,  oval  or  oblong,  rarely  short-obovate  or  suborbicular,  2-5 
cm.  long,  1.5-5  cm.  broad,  glabrous  at  maturity,  acute  or  bluntly  terminated 
at  the  apex,  rounded  or  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  serrate  and  incised; 
petioles  5-20  mm.  long,  margined:   corymbs  simple,  glandular-braeteate,  3-7- 
flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  glabrous:  sepals  3-5  mm.  long,  glandular- 
serrate:   corolla  12-17  mm.  wide:   stamens  20,  the  anthers  dark  purple:   fruit 
subglobose,  7-9  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  yellow-green  or  orange,  often 
with  ruddy  cheeks,  the  flesh  firm:  nutlets  2-3,  rarely  3-5,  about  6  mm.  long,  the 
hypostyle  occupying  a  trifle  more  than  half  of  the  ventral  angle. 

Dry  woods  and  uplands,  m.  Fla.     (Ga.) 

10.  C.  pulcherrima  Ashe.     A  small  tree  4-6  m.  tall,  with  dark  rough  or  scaly 
bark,  or  oftener  a  large  shrub  with  one  or  several  stems.     Leaf-blades  ovate, 
oval  or  slightly  obovate,  2-5  cm.  long,  1.5-4  cm.  wide,  glabrous  at  maturity, 
mostly  acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  contracted,  or  on  leading  shoots  rounded 
or  truncate  at  the  base,  the  borders  serrate  and  deeply  incised  or  3-7-lobed; 
petioles  slender,  5-20  mm.  long,  margined :  corymbs  simple,  glandular-braeteate, 
3-7-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  glabrous:   sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  entire 
or  glandular-serrate:   corolla  15-18  mm.  wide:   stamens  20,  the  anthers  dark 
purple:    fruit  oval,  5-7  mm.  thick,  6-8  mm.  long,  at  maturity  yellow-green, 
sometimes  with  flushed  cheeks,  the  flesh  thin  and  firm:   nutlets  usually  2-3, 
rarely  more,  4-5  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  half  the  length  of  the  ventral 
angle. 

Woods  and  banks,  m.  Fla.     (Ga.) 

11.  C.   abstrusa  Beadle.     A  shrub   or  small  tree   2-5  m.  tall,  with  gray  or 
brownish  scaly  bark.   Leaf -blades  oval,  ovate,  obovate  or  orbicular,  2-4.5  cm.  long, 
1.5-3.5  cm.  broad,  glabrous,  obtuse  or  slightly  pointed  at  the  apex,  contracted 
at  the  base,  borders  serrate  and  with  shallow  rounded,  lobe-like  incisions; 
petioles   5-20   mm.   long,   margined,   remotely   glandular:    corymbs   glandular- 
braeteate,  simple,  3-7-flowered:   pedicels  5-12  mm.  long,   glabrous,  as  is  the 
hypanthium:    sepals   triangular-lanceolate,   3-4   mm.   long,   serrate   or   entire: 
corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:   stamens  20,  the  anthers  dark  purple:   fruit  oval  or 
Khort-pyriform,  7-9  mm.  thick,  10-12  mm.  long:  the  flesh  firm:  nutlets  usually 
2-3,  rarely  more,  about  6  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  occupying  about  half  of  the 
ventral  angle. 

Woods,  especially  in  sandy  soil,  near  Tallahassee.     (Endemic.) 


MALACEAE.  35 

12.  C.  assimilis  Beadle.     A  small  tree  or  large  shrub  3-6  m.  tall,  with  dark 
gray  or  brownish  scaly  bark.     Leaf-blades  ovate  or  oval,  2-5  cm.  long,  1.5-4 
cm.  wide,  glabrous,  acute  at  the  apex,  contracted  or  rounded  at  the  base,  the 
borders  serrate  and  with  rounded,  lobe-like  incisions;  petioles  7-20  mm.  long, 
margined:   corymbs  simple,  3-6-flowered :   pedicels  and  hypanthium  glabrous: 
sepals  triangular-lanceolate,  3-4  mm.  long,  serrate  or  nearly  entire:    corolla 
15-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  pale  purple:  fruit  globose,  7-9  mm. 
wide,  the  flesh  firm:  nutlets  3-5,  about  6  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  occupying  a 
trifle  more  than  half  the  ventral  angle. 

Dry  woods  and  hills,  near  Chattahoochee.     (Endemic.) 

13.  C.  robur  Beadle.     A  tree,  sometimes  7-8  m.  tall,  with  a  trunk  1-1.5  dm. 
in  diameter,  clothed  with  gray  or  brownish  scaly  bark,  or  more  often  a  large 
shrub  with  one  or  more  stems.     Leaf -blades  ovate,  oval  or  short  obovate,  3-6 
cm.  long,  1.5-4  cm.  broad,  or  wider  on  leading  shoots,  glabrous,  acute  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  or  contracted,  or  on  vigorous  shoots  rounded  or  subtruncate  at 
the  base,  the  borders  serrate  and  incisely  lobed  or  acutely  cleft :  corymbs  simple 
or  subsimple,  3-10-flowered,  glandular-bracteate :   pedicels  1-2  cm.  long,  like 
the  hypanthium,  glabrous:  sepals  lanceolate,  3-4  mm.  long,  entire  or  sparingly 
serrate:   corolla  15-18  mm.  wide:   stamens  20,  the  anthers  pale  purple:  fruit 
subglobose,  7-9  mm.  wide,  the  flesh  firm:  nutlets  3-5,  5-6  mm.  long,  the  hypo- 
style  about  4  mm.  long. 

Woods  and  borders  of  fields,  near  Tallahassee.     (Endemic.) 

14.  C.  concinna  Beadle.     A  shrub  2-4  m.  tall,  with  dark  gray  scaly  bark. 
Leaf -blades  ovate-lanceolate,  oblong  or  elliptic,  those  of  the  shoots  ovate,  2-5 
cm.  long,  7  mm.-2  cm.  wide  or  on  the  shoots  3-4  cm.  wide,  glabrous,  acute  or 
bluntly  pointed  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  contracted  or  on  leading  shoots, 
rounded  at  the  base,  the  borders  serrate  and  more  or  less  incised,  the  lobes  or 
incisions  rounded  or  on  the  larger  leaves,  acutely  notched:   corymbs  simple, 
glandular-bracteate,  3-6-flowered:   pedicels  and  hypanthium  glabrous:    sepals 
triangular-lanceolate,  mostly  serrate,  3-4  mm.  long:  corolla  15-18  mm.  -wide:: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  purple :  fruit  subglobose,  7-8  mm.  thick,  the  flesh  firm : 
nutlets  3-5,  about  5  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  half  the  length  of  tha- 
ventral  angle. 

Woods  and  borders  of  swamps,  w.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

15.  C.  galbana  Beadle.       A  small  tree  5-6  m.  tall,  with  a  short  trunk  some- 
times 1-1.5  dm.  in  diameter,  clothed  with  dark  gray  or  brownish  black  bark,  or 
more  frequently  a  large  shrub  with  one  or  more  stems.     Leaf-blades  oval, 
obovate  or  round-ovate,  1-4  cm.  long,  1-3  cm.  wide,  glabrous  at  maturity,  acute 
or  rounded  at  the  apex,  rounded  or  contracted  at  the  base,  the  margins  irregu- 
larly dentate:    corymbs  simple,  1-5-flowered:   pedicels  short,  like  the  hypan- 
thium, pubescent:  sepals  3-5  mm.  long,  serrate  and  glandular:   corolla  15-20 
mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow  or  nearly  white:  fruit  globose, 
9-13  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  red,  the  flesh  orange-yellow,  succulent:- 
nutlets  3-5,  about  8  mm.  long,  3.5-4.5  mm.  deep,  the  hypostyle  about  half  the 
length  of  the  ventral  angle. 

Woods  and  borders  of  swamps,  near  River  Junction.     (Endemic.) 

16.  C.  abdita  Beadle.     A  shrub  or  small  tree  3-6  m.  tall,  with  dark  ashy  gray 
or  brownish  bark.     Leaf-blades  obovate,  oval  or  suborbicular,  or  on  leading 
shoots  sometimes  broadly  ovate,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  1-3  cm.  wide,  glabrous  or 
glabrate  at  maturity,  rounded  or  abruptly  pointed  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or 
contracted,    or    occasionally    rounded    at    the    base,    the    margins    irregularly 
dentate:   corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:   pedicels  mostly  10-15  mm.  long,  like 
the  hypanthium,  white  tomentose:  sepals  5-6  mm.  long,  serrate  and  glandular: 
corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:  fruit  globose,  10-15  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  red, 
the    flesh    orange    or    orange-yellow,    succulent:    nutlets    3-5,    7-9    mm.    long, 
3.5-5  mm.  deep,  the  hypostyle  5-6  mm.  long. 

Woods,  mostly  in  sandy  soil,  River  Junction.      (Endemic.) 


36  MALACEAE. 

17.  C.  consanguinea  Beadle.     A  tree  5-7  m.  tall,  with  a  trunk  1-2  dm.  in 
diameter,  clothed  with  ashy  gray  or  brownish  black,  scaly  bark,  or  often  a  large 
shrub  with  one  or  more  stems.     Leaf-blades  obovate,  round-ovate  or  nearly 
orbicular,  1-4.5  cm.  long,  1-4  cm.  broad,  or  larger  on  the  shoots,  glabrous  at 
maturity,  acute  or  abruptly  pointed  at  the  apex,  contracted  or  rounded  at  the 
base,  the  margins  serrate  or  serrate-dentate  and  shallowly  incised;  petioles  1-2 
cm.   long,   margined,   glandular:    corymbs   simple,    1-5-flowered:    petioles   and 
hypanthium  pubescent:   sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  glandular:   corolla  about  2  cm. 
wide:    stamens  20,  the  anthers  purplish:    fruit   globose,  9-12  mm.   broad,   at 
maturity  red  or  orange  flushed  with  red,  the  flesh  succulent:  nutlets  3-5,  7-8 
mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 

Woods,  mostly  in  sandy  soil,  m.  Fla.      (Endemic.) 

18.  C.  visenda  Beadle.     A  tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall,  with  a  trunk  2.5-3  dm. 
in  diameter,   clothed  with  dark  gray  or  brownish  rough  bark.     Leaf-blades 
ovate,  obovate  or  orbicular,  2-4  cm.  long,  1-3.5  cm.  broad,  glabrous  in  age, 
acute  or  abruptly  pointed  or  occasionally  rounded  at  the  apex,  contracted  at 
the  base,  the  borders  finely  dentate  and  usually  with  several  acute  tooth-like 
lobes;    petioles  5-15   mm.   long,  margined,  .glandular:    corymbs   simple,   3-6- 
flowered :  pedicels  and  hypanthium  pubescent :  sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  glandular, 
serrate:  corolla  16-20  mm.  broad:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  pale  purple:  fruit 
pyriform,  10-12  mm.  thick,  12-15  mm.  long,  at  maturity  orange,  diffused  or 
cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh  yellow  or  orange-yellow,  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  mostly 
3,  7-8.5  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  ventral  angle. 

Sandy  soil,  near  Bristol.     (Endemic.) 

19.  C.  egregia  Beadle.     A  small  tree  4-6  m.  tall,  with  dark  and  very  rough 
bark.    Leaf -blades  ovate,  oval  or  obovate,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  7  mm.-3  cm.  broad, 
glabrous  at  maturity,  acute  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  contracted  at  the  base, 
the  borders  glandular,   broken  by  several  large,  shallow,  blunt,  or  rounded 
lobes;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandular:  flowers  produced  in  simple 
few-flowered    corymbs:    pedicels    and    hypanthium    sparsely    pilose-pubescent: 
sepals  about  3  mm.  long,  entire  or  sparingly  serrate,  glandular :  stamens  15-20 : 
fruit  subglobose,  10-12  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  yellow  or  orange,  some- 
times flushed  with  red,  the  flesh  orange-yellow,  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  about  8  mm. 
Jong,  4-5  mm.  deep,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil,  near  Bristol.     (Endemic.) 

20.  C.  quaesita  Beadle.     A  tree  occasionally  5-7  m.  tall,  with  a  short  trunk 
1-1.5  dm.  in  diameter,  clothed  with  ashy  gray  or  brownish  black  rough  bark, 
the  branches  drooping,  or  oftener  a  large  shrub  with  one  or  more  stems.    Leaf- 
blades  obovate  or  cuneiform,  1.5-5  cm.  long,  1-3  cm.  wide,  or  larger  on  leading 
shoots,  glabrous  or  glabrate  at  maturity,  abruptly  pointed  at  the  apex,  cuneate 
or  more  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  dentate,  serrate-dentate  or 
crenate-dentate  and  with  tooth-like  lobes;  petioles  5  mm.-2  cm.  long,  margined, 
glandular:  corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  pubescent: 
sepals  3.5-5  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:  stamens  20, 
the  anthers  light  purple:  fruit  subglobose,  8-11  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity 
orange-red,  often  with  deeper  colored  cheeks,  the  flesh  soft :  nutlets  3-5,  about 
7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  occupying  about  two-thirds  of  the  ventral  angle. 

Sandy  uplands,  Apalachicola  river  basin.     (Endemic.) 

21.  C.  egens  Beadle.     A  tree  4-7  m.  tall,  with  a  trunk  sometimes  2  dm.  in 
diameter,  covered  with  dark  rough  bark,  the  branches  crooked  and  recurved. 
Leaf-blades  obovate,  cuneate  or  spatulate,  1-3  cm.  long,  5  mm.-2.5  cm.  wide, 
glabrate  at  maturity,  abruptly  pointed  at  the  apex,  narrowed  or  contracted  at 
the  base,  the  borders  dentate,  glandular  and  with  tooth-like  lobes  above  the 
middle;   petioles  3-15  mm.  long,  glandular:    corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered  or 
flowers  solitary:    pedicels  and  hypanthium   densely  white- woolly :    sepals   3-4 
mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  14-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers 


MALACEAE.  37 

almost  white:  fruit  subglobose  or  slightly  oval,  9-11  mm.  thick,  at  maturity 
orange-red  with  ruddy  cheeks,  the  flesh  succulent:  nutlets  3-5,  about  7  mm. 
long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 
Sandy  soil,  near  Bristol.     (Endemic.) 

22.  C.  Integra  (Nash)  Beadle.      A  small  tree  4-5  m.  tall,  with  a  trunk  1-2  dm. 
in   diameter,   ashy  gray   or   dark  rough  bark   and   drooping  branches.     Leaf- 
blades  obovate  or  cuneate,  1.5-4  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2.5  cm.  wide,  pubescent  on 
the  lower  surface,  pointed  or  occasionally  rounded  at  the  apex,  contracted  or 
narrowed  at  the  base,  the  margins  glandular,  bluntly  or  undulately  lobed; 
petioles  5  mm.-2  cm.  long,  margined,  glandular,  pubescent:   corymbs  simple, 
3-5-flowered:    pedicels  and  hypanthium   densely   white-tomentose :    sepals  4-5 
mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers 
light  yellow:  fruit  globose,  10-15  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  red,  the  flesh 
soft:  nutlets  3-5,  about  8  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  5-6  mm.  long. 

Sandy  woods  and  old  fields,  central  pen.  Pla.     (Endemic.) 

23.  C.  adunca  Beadle.     A  large  shrub  or  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray 
or  dark  scaly  or  rough  bark.     Leaf -blades  obovate,  2-3  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2.5  cm. 
wide,  or  larger  on  leading  shoots,  glabrous  or  glabrate  at  maturity,  abruptly 
pointed  or  rounded  at  the  apex  and  with  a  small  tooth-like  point,  contracted  or 
narrowed  at  the  base,  the  borders  minutely  dentate  or  nearly  entire,  glandular, 
sometimes  with  shallow  tooth-like  lobes;   petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined, 
glandular:  corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose- 
pubescent:   sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:   corolla  15-20  mm.  wide: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  pale  purple:  fruit  globose,  12-15  mm.  in  diameter,  red 
at  maturity,  the  flesh  orange,  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  7-8  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle 
4-5  mm.  long. 

Sandy  woods,  about  Tallahassee.     (Endemic.) 

24.  C.  panda  Beadle.     A  tree  sometimes  6-7  m.  tall,  with  dark  rough  bark 
and  crooked  recurved  branches.     Leaf-blades  obovate  or  cuneate,  2-4  cm.  long, 
1-2.5  cm.  wide,  or  broader  on  leading  shoots,  glabrous  or  glabrate  at  maturity, 
pointed  or  rounded  and  with  an  abrupt  sharp  point  at  the  apex,  contracted  or 
narrowed  at  the  base,  the  borders  nearly  entire,  glandular;  petioles  5-15  mm. 
long,  margined,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypan- 
thium pubescent:  sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:   corolla  15-20  mm. 
wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  almost  white:  fruit  globose  or 'depressed  globose, 
10-15  mm.  in  diameter,  at  maturity  orange-yellow,  often  tinged  or  cheeked 
with  red,  the  flesh  orange-yellow,  soft:   nutlets  3-5,  about  7  mm.  long,  the 
hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 

Dry  sandy  soil,  about  Tallahassee.     (Endemic.) 

25.  C.  dapsilis  Beadle.     A  shrub  or  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray 
rough    bark    and    drooping    or    recurved    branches.     Leaf-blades    obovate    or 
cuneate,  1.5-4  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2.5  cm.  wide,  or  larger  on  the  shoots,  more  or 
less  pubescent  at  maturity,  especially  on  the  lower  surface  along  the  midrib 
and  in  the  axils  of  the  veins,  rounded  or  slightly  and  abruptly  pointed  at  the 
apex,  contracted  or  narrowed,  or  on  leading  shoots  sometimes  rounded  at  the 
base,  the  borders  entire,  glandular;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandu- 
lar :  corymbs  2-4-flowered  or  flowers  solitary :  pedicels  and  hypanthium  densely 
white-tomentose :  sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  glandular,  slightly  serrate :  corolla  15-20 
mm.  wide:   stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow:   fruit  globose  or  subglobose, 
10-15  mm.  in  diameter,  yellow  or  orange,  cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft: 
nutlets  3-5,  8-9  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  5-6  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil,  central  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

26.  C.  rava  Beadle.     A  shrub  or  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray  rough 
or  scaly  bark  and  crooked,  slightly  drooping  branches.     Leaf-blades  obovate, 
cuneate  or  spatulate,  1-3  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2.5  cm.  wide,  pubescent  or  glabrate 


38  MALACEAE. 

at  maturity,  rounded  and  mostly  with  a  short  abrupt  point  at  the  apex,  nar- 
rowed or  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  glandular  and  nearly  entire; 
petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandular:  corymbs  2-4-flowered  or  flowers 
solitary:  pedicels  very  short,  like  the  hypanthium  densely  tomentose:  sepals 
4-5  mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:  corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the 
anthers  light  yellow  or  almost  white :  fruit  globose  or  subglobose,  10-12  mm.  in 
diameter,  when  ripe  yellow  or  orange-yellow  cheeked  or  splotched  with  red,  the 
flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  about  7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 
Open  places,  mostly  in  sandy  soil,  about  Tallahassee.  (Endemic.) 

27.  C.  compitalis  Beadle.     A  small  tree,  or  oftener  a  large  shrub,  2-5  m.  tall, 
with  dark  gray  or  brownish  rough  bark  and  recurved  branches.     Leaf-blades 
obovate  or  obovate-cuneiform,  2-4  cm.  long,   1-3   cm.  wide,  nearly  or  quite 
glabrous  in  age,  rounded  or  with  a  small  abrupt  point  at  the  apex,  usually 
contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  dentate  or  serrate-dentate;  petioles  5-15 
mm.  long,  margined,   glandular:    corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:    pedicels  and 
hypanthium    densely    tomentose:     sepals    4-5    mm.    long,    serrate,    glandular: 
corolla  15-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow  or  nearly  white: 
fruit  subglobose  or  oval,  10-13  mm.  thick,  red  when  fully  ripe,  the  flesh  soft: 
nutlets  3-5,  8-9  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  6-7  mm.  long. 

Roadsides,  near  Gainesville.     (Endemic.) 

28.  C.  Clara  Beadle.     A  small  tree  4-6  m.  tall,  with  dark  gray  or  brownish 
rough  bark,  or  oftener  a  large  much-branched  shrub.     Leaf -blades  obovate  or 
obovate-cuneate,  2-4  cm.  long,  1-2  cm.  broad,  or  larger  on  vigorous  shoote, 
shining  above,  slightly  pubescent  below,  even  in  age,  rounded  or  pointed  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  or  sometimes  more  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders 
dentate    or    crenate-dentate;    petioles   5-15    mm.    long,    margined,    glandular: 
corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  pubescent:  sepals  4-5 
mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:  corolla  15-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers 
faintly  tinged  with  purple:   fruit  globose,  9-12  mm.  in  diameter,  orange-red 
when  ripe:  nutlets  3-5,  about  7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil  in  oak  woods,  Apalachicola  river  basin.     (Endemic.) 

29.  C.  arnica  Beadle.     A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  3-6  m.  tall,  with  dark 
rough  or  rimose  bark  and  recurved  branches.     Leaf-blades  cuneate  or  oblong- 
cuneiform,  or  on  Reading  shoots  broadly  ovate,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2.5  cm. 
broad,  or  wider  on  the  shoots,  mostly  pointed  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  narrowed 
or  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  glandular,  dentate  above  the  middle; 
petioles    5    mm.-2.5    cm.    long,    margined,    glandular:    corymbs    simple,    3-5- 
flowered:    pedicels  and  hypanthium   densely  tomentose:    sepals  about  5  mm. 
long,  glandular-serrate:  corolla  about  2  cm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  light 
yellow:    fruit  subglobose,   10-13   mm.   thick,   at  maturity  orange   blotched   or 
cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:    nutlets  3-5,  6-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle 
occupying  three-fourths  of  the  ventral  angle. 

Sandy  woods  and  along  roads,  Ocala.     (Endemic.) 

30.  C.  anisophylla  Beadle.     A  large  shrub,  or  a  tree  sometimes  6  m.  tall,  with 
a  short  trunk  1.5-2  dm.  in  diameter,  clothed  with  dark  brown  rough  or  rimose 
bark,  the  branches  drooping.     Leaf-blades  spatulate  or  cuneate,  2-4  cm.  long, 
5  mm.-1.5  cm.  wide,  or  a  little  broader  on  the  shoots,  glabrous  in  age,  rounded, 
pointed  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base;  petioles  5  mm.-3  cm. 
long,    winged,   remotely   glandular:    corymbs   simple,    2-4-flowered    or   flowers 
solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  glandular- 
serrate:   corolla  about  15  mm.  wide:   stamens  about  20,  the  anthers  yellow: 
fruit  globose  or  subglobose,  6-8  mm.  in  diameter,  orange  flushed  or  cheeked 
with  red  when  fully  ripe,  the  flesh  soft:   nutlets  3-5,  4.5-5.5  mm.  long,  the 
hypostyle  about  3  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil  and  banks  of  the  St.  Johns  river.     (Endemic.) 


MALACEAE.  39 

31.  C.  viaria  Beadle.     A  large  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  dark 
rough  bark  and  drooping  branches.     Leaf -blades  spatulate,  cuneate  or  obovate- 
cuneiform,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  1-2  cm.  wide,  glabrate  or  pubescent  along  the 
midrib  and  in  the  axils  of  the  principal  veins  beneath  at  maturity,  pointed  or 
lobed  at  the  apex,  wedge-shaped  or  more  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base,  the 
borders  dentate,   glandular,  and  usually  shallowly  lobed   above  the  middle; 
petioles  7  mm.-2  cm.  long,  winged,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered  or 
flowers  solitary:   pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:    sepals  3-4  mm.  long, 
glandular-serrate  or  nearly  entire:   corolla  10-13  mm.  wide:   stamens  20,  the 
anthers  yellow:  fruit  globose,  7-9  mm.  in  diameter,  red  at  maturity:  nutlets 
3-5,  6-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil,  n.e.  Pla.      (Endemic.) 

32.  C.  vicana  Beadle.     A  large  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  2-4  m.  tall,  with  ashy 
gray  or  brownish,  rough  or  rimose  bark  and  drooping  branches.     Leaf -blades 
cuneate  or  oblong-  or  obovate-euneiform,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2  cm.  wide, 
or  on  leading  shoots  sometimes  4.5  cm.  wide,  glabrate  or  somewhat  pubescent 
beneath  at  maturity,  either  pointed  or  rounded,  occasionally  truncate  at  the 
apex,  narrowed  or  contracted  at  the  base,  the  margins  dentate  or  shallowly 
lobed    near   the    apex;    petioles    7   mm.-2.5    cm.    long,   margined,    glandular: 
corymbs  simple,  3-5-flowered:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  4-5 
mm.  long,  glandular- ser rate :  corolla  15-20  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers 
light  yellow:   fruit  pyriform  or  oblong-pyriform,  10-14  mm.  thick,  about  1.5 
cm.  long,  yellow  or  orange  at  maturity,  blotched  or  cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh 
soft:  nutlets  mostly  3,  8-10  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  6-7  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil,  near  Travers.     (Endemic.) 

33.  C.  recurva  Beadle.     A  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  3-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray 
or    brownish,    rough   or    rimose   bark    and   pendulous    branches.     Leaf-blades 
cuneate  or  spatulate  or  on  leading  shoots  obovate-euneiform,  1.5-3  em.  long, 
5-15  mm.  wide,  or  broader  on  the  shoots,  glabrous  or  glabrate  at  maturity, 
wedge-shaped  or  more  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base,  pointed  or  rounded  at 
the  apex,  the  margins  glandular,  dentate  or  lobed;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long, 
margined,  glandular:  corymbs  simple,  2-3-flowered  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels 
and  hypanthium  tomentose:    sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:    corolla 
12-15  mm.  wide:  stamens  about  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow:  fruit  pyriform 
or  short-pyriform,  7-9  mm.  thick,  red  at  maturity,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5, 
6-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil,  near  Ocala.     (Endemic.) 

34.  C.  rimosa  Beadle.     A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  2-4  m.  tall,  with  rimose 
bark  and  slender  drooping  branches.     Leaf -blades  cuneate,  spatulate  or  oblong- 
cuneiform,  1-2.5  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2  cm.  wide,  or  broader  on  leading  shoots, 
glabrate  or  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface,  especially  along  the  midrib  and  in 
the  axils  of  the  principal  veins,  usually  abruptly  contracted,  but  occasionally 
wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  either  rounded,  abruptly  pointed  or  lobed  at  the 
apex,  the  borders  glandular,  dentate  above  the  middle;  petioles  5  mm.-2  cm. 
long,  margined,  glandular:   corymbs  simple,  3-4-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary: 
pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate: 
corolla  12-15  mm.  wide :    stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow :    fruit  short- 
pyriform,   9-12   mm.   thick,  at  maturity  yellow   or   orange-yellow   flushed   or 
cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  6-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  4-5 
mm.  long,  1.5-2  mm.  wide  on  each  side  of  the  ventral  angle. 

Sandy  soil,  near  Citra.     (Endemic.) 

35.  C.  inopina  Beadle.     A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  3-5  m.  tall,  with  dark 
rough  or  rimose  bark  and  recurved  branches.     Leaf-blades  obovate-euneiform, 
sometimes  suborbicular,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long,  1-2  cm.  wide,  or  larger  on  leading 
shoots,  glabrate  at  maturity  or  with  some  pubescence  on  the  lower  surface  and 


40  MALACEAE. 

in  the  axils  of  the  large  veins,  usually  abruptly  contracted,  but  occasionally 
wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  either  rounded,  pointed  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  the 
borders  entire  or  denticulate;  petioles  5  mm.-2  cm.  long,  margined,  glandular, 
mostly  scurfy-tomentose :  corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary: 
pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3-4.5  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate: 
corolla  12-15  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow  or  almost  white: 
fruit  pyriform,  8-11  mm.  thick,  12-14  mm.  long,  at  maturity  yellow  or  orange- 
yellow,  sometimes  cheeked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  6-7  mm.  long, 
the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil,  near  Ocala.     (Endemic.) 

36.  C.  villaris  Beadle.     A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  3-5  m.  tall,  with  dark 
rough  or  rimose  bark  and  drooping  branches.     Leaf -blades  cuneate  or  oblong- 
cuneiform,  1.5-3.5  cm.  long,  5  mm.-2  cm.  wide  or  broader  on  leading  shoots, 
glabrous  or  glabrate  at  maturity,  usually  abruptly  contracted,  but  occasionally 
wedge-shaped   at   the   base,   rounded   or   abruptly   pointed    at   the    apex,    the 
borders  glandular,  entire  or  nearly  so;  petioles  5  mm.-2  cm.  long,  margined, 
glandular:    corymbs   simple,    2-4-flowered,    or   flowers    solitary:    pedicels   and 
hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:   corolla  12-16 
mm.   wide:    fruit  pyriform,   8-11   mm.   thick,   at  maturity  yellow   or   orange- 
yellow,  cheeked  or  flushed  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  mostly  3-4,  6-7  mm. 
long,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil,  near  Citra.     (Endemic.) 

37.  C.  curva  Beadle.     A  shrub,  or  a  very  small  tree  2-4  m.  tall,  usually  with 
several  trunks  clothed  with  dark  rough  bark,  and  crooked,  drooping,  very  spiny 
branches.     Leaf-blades  obovate  or  obovate-cuneiform,   1-2  cm.  long,  5  mm.- 
2  cm.  wide,  glabrate  at  maturity  or  with  some  conspicuous  pubescence  along 
the  midrib  in  the  axils  of  the  prominent  veins  beneath,  rounded  or  abruptly 
pointed  at  the  apex,  abruptly  contracted  at  the  base,  the  borders  subentire  or 
denticulate  and  shallowly  lobed;  petioles  5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandular: 
corymbs  simple,   2-4-flowered,  or  flowrers   solitary:    pedicels   and  hypanthium 
tomentose:  sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:   corolla  12-15  mm.  wide: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow :  fruit  pyriform,  6-9  mm.  thick,  at  maturity 
orange-red  or  orange  with  red  cheeks,  the  flesh  very  thin:  nutlets  usually  3-4, 
6-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long,  2-2.5  mm.  wide  near  the  top  of 
each  lateral  surface. 

Sandy  soil,  n.e.  Fla.      (Endemic.) 

38.  C.  adusta  Beadle.     A  large  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  dark 
gray  or  brownish  rough  bark  and  drooping  branches.     Leaf -blades  cuneiform, 
1.5-3  cm.  long,  7  mm.-2  cm.  wide  or  larger  and  obovate-cuneiform  on  the  lead- 
ing shoots,  glabrate  at  maturity,  rounded  or  with  a  short,  abrupt  point  at  the 
apex,  the  borders  glandular,   sub-entire,  or   dentate  near  the   apex;    petioles 
5-15  mm.  long,  margined,  glandular:   corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered  or  flowers 
solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3-5  mm.  long,  glandular- 
serrate:  corolla  14-18  mm.  wide:  stamens  20,  the  anthers  almost  white:  fruit 
short-pyriform,  9-11  mm.  thick,  at  maturity  orange-red,  usually  spotted  and 
streaked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  3-5,  about  8  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle 
5-6  mm.  long. 

Sandy  woods,  near  Gainesville.     (Endemic.) 

39.  C.  illudens  Beadle.     A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  with  dark  gray  or 
brownish  rough  bark  and  drooping  branches.     Leaf-blades  cuneiform,  1.5-3.5 
cm.  long,  7  mm.-2  cm.  wide,  or  broader  on  vigorous  shoots,  glabrous  or  glabrate 
at  maturity,  rounded,  pointed  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  the  borders  entire  or  den- 
ticulate, glandular,  sometimes  lobed  above  the  middle,  especially  on  leading 
shoots;  petioles  7  mm.-3  cm.  long,  winged,  glandular:   corymbs  2-4-flowered, 
or  flowers  occasionally  solitary:    pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:    sepals 


MALACEAE.  41 

3.5-5  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:    corolla   14-18  mm.  wide:    fruit  pyriform, 
8-11  mm.  thick,  yellow  at  maturity,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  mostly  3,  about  7 
mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 
Sandy  soil,  near  Citra.     (Endemic.) 

40.  C.  incana  Beadle.     A  large  shrub  2-4  m.  tall,  with  dark  gray  or  brownish, 
rough  or  scaly  bark  and  crooked  recurved  branches.     Leaf-blades  cuneate  or 
obpvate-cuneate,    1-2.5    em.    long,    7    mm.-2    cm.    wide,    pubescent,    abruptly 
pointed  or  rounded  at  the  apex,  wedge-shaped  or  more  abruptly  contracted  at 
the  base,  the  margins  glandular,  sub-entire  or  shallowly  lobed;  petioles  5-15 
mm.  long,  margined,  densely  white-tomentose  when  young,  glandular:  corymbs 
simple,   2-4-flowered,   or   flowers   solitary:    pedicels   and   hypanthium   densely 
white-tomentose:  sepals  4-5  mm.  long,  glandular:  corolla  about  15  mm.  wide: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  nearly  white:  fruit  pyriform,  8-9  mm.  thick,  at  ma- 
turity orange-yellow,  flushed  or  cheeked  with  red:  nutlets  3-5,  about  7  mm. 
long,  the  hypostyle  about  5  mm.  long. 

Woods  and  banks,  m.  Fla.     (Ga.) 

41.  C.  versuta  Beadle.     A  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  3-6  m.  tall,  with  dark  rough 
bark  and  drooping  branches.     Leaf -blades  cuneiform,  1-3  cm.  long,  5  mm.-2 
cm.  wide,  or  broader  on  leading  shoots,  pubescent  or  tomentose  at  maturity,  at 
least  on  the  lower  surface  along  the  midrib  and  in  the  axils  of  the  principal 
veins,  rounded,  pointed  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  the  borders  glandular,  dentate  or 
lobed  above  the  middle;  petioles  5  mm.-3  cm.  long,  winged,  glandular,  pubes- 
cent:  corymbs  simple,  2-4-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:   pedicels  and  hypan- 
thium tomentose:   sepals  2-3  mm.  long,  glandular:   corolla  10-12  mm.  wide: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow:   fruit  short-pyriform,  6-9  mm.  thick,  at 
maturity  orange  or  greenish  yellow  with  ruddy  cheeks:  nutlets  3-5,  about  6 
mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  3-4  mm.  long. 

Sandy-oak  woods,  Apalachicola  river  basin.     (Endemic.) 

42.  C.  crocea  Beadle.     A  small  tree,  or  a  large  shrub  3-6  m.  tall,  with  dark 
rough  bark  and  slender  drooping  branches.     Leaf-blades  cuneiform,  1-2.5  cm. 
long,  5-15  mm.  wide,  or  broader  on  leading  shoots,  at  maturity  smooth  above, 
more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  especially  along  the  midrib,  either  pointed  or 
rounded  at  the  apex,  the  borders  glandular,   denticulate  above  the  middle; 
petioles  7  mm.-2  cm.  long,  margined,  glandular,  pubescent  or  glabrate :  corymbs 
simple,  2-4-flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose: 
sepals  3-4  mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:   corolla  15  mm.  wide:   stamens  15-20, 
the  anthers  nearly  white:  fruit  pyriform,  9-12  mm.  thick,  at  maturity  yellow 
or  orange-yellow,  rarely  cheeked  with  russet-red,  the  flesh  soft:   nutlets  3-5, 
about  6  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil,  near  Citra.     (Endemic.) 

43.  C.   audens  Beadle.     A  large  shrub,  or  a  small  tree,  with  dark  gray  or 
brownish  rough  or  scaly  bark.     Leaf -blades  obovate  or  obovate-cuneiform,  1.5- 
3.5  cm.  long,  1-3.5  em.  wide,  at  maturity  glabrate  and  shining  on  the  upper 
surface,  pubescent  beneath  especially  along  the  midrib  and  principal  veins, 
abruptly  pointed,  rounded  or  lobed  at  the  apex,  contracted  or  narrowed  at  the 
base,    the    margins    dentate    and    shallowly   lobed;    petioles    5-15    mm.    long, 
margined,  glandular,  pubescent:  corymbs  simple,  2-5-flowered,  or  flowers  occa- 
sionally solitary:   pedicels  and  hypanthium  pubescent:   sepals  4-5  mm.  long, 
glandular-serrate:    corolla  15-16  mm.  wide:    stamens  20,  the  anthers  almost 
white:   fruit  pyriform,  9-12  mm.  thick,  at  maturity  orange-yellow,  flushed  or 
ckeeked  with  red,  the  flesh  soft:  nutlets  mostly  3,  7-8  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle 
4-5  mm.  long. 

Dry  hills,  near  Chattahoochee.     (Endemic.) 

44.  C.  lepida  Beadle.    A  small  very  spiny  shrub,  seldom  more  than  1-1.5  m.  tall, 
with  drooping  branches.   Leaf -blades  obovate,  round-ovate,  suborbicular  or  spatu- 


42  MALACEAE. 

late,  5  mm.-2  cm.  long,  4  mm.-2  cm.  wide,  at  maturity  glabrous  and  lustrous  above, 
more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  especially  along  the  principal  veins  and  in  their 
axils,  rounded,  truncate  or  short-pointed  at  the  apex,  abruptly  contracted  at 
the  base,  or  sometimes  cuneate,  the  margins  denticulate  or  crenate-dentate, 
glandular;  petioles  2  mm.-l  cm.  long,  margined,  glandular:  corymbs  2-3- 
flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  2-3 
mm.  long,  glandular-serrate:  stamens  20;  fruit  subglobose,  7-11  mm.  in 
diameter,  at  maturity  orange  or  orange-red:  nutlets  3-5,  6-7  mm.  long,  3-4 
mm.  deep,  the  hypostyle  4-5  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil  and  open  woods,  e.  Fla.     (Oa.) 

45.  C.  lacrimata  Small.     A  small  tree,  sometimes  4-5  m.  tall,  or  more  fre- 
quently a  large  shrub  with  several  stems  clothed  with  ashy  gray  often  scaly 
bark,  the  branches  drooping.     Leaf-blades  cuneate-spatulate,  1-2.5  cm.  long, 
7-15   mm.    wide,    or   broader   on   vigorous   leading   shoots,    glabrous    in    age, 
rounded,  truncate  or  pointed  at  the  apex,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base,  the  borders 
dentate    above    the   middle,    glandular:    petioles    5-15    mm.    long,    pubescent, 
glandular:    corymbs   simple,    2-4-flowered,    or   flowers   solitary:    pedicels   and 
hypanthium  glabrous:   sepals  2.5-3  mm.  long,  entire  or  nearly  so,  glabrous: 
stamens  20,  the  anthers  light  yellow:  fruit  globose,  or  subglobose,  at  maturity 
yellow  or  orange,  mostly  with  ruddy  cheeks,  the  flesh  soft:   nutlets  3-5,  5-6 
mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  occupying  about  two-thirds  of  the  ventral  angle. 

Sandy  woods  and  borders  of  streams,  w.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

46.  C.  condigna  Beadle.     A  large  shrub,  with  one  or  more  stems,  or  sometimes 
a  small  tree  5  m.  tall,  with  ashy  gray  or  brownish  scaly  bark.     Leaf-blades 
cuneate,  obovate-cuneate  or  on  vigorous  shoots  broadly  obovate,  1-3  cm.  long, 
7  mm.-2.5  cm.  broad,  glabrate  in  age,  rounded  or  abruptly  pointed  at  the  apex, 
wedge-shaped  or  more  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base,  the  borders  crenate  or 
crenate-dentate;    petioles    3    mm.-l    cm.    long:    corymbs   simple,   mostly   2-3- 
flowered,  or  flowers  solitary:  pedicels  and  hypanthium  tomentose:  sepals  3.5-5 
mm.  long,  serrate,  glandular:    corolla  about   16  mm.  wide:    stamens  20,  the 
anthers  almost  white:   fruit  pyriform  or  nearly  so,  7-9  mm.  wide,  8-11  mm. 
long,  at  maturity  yellow-green  or  orange,  flushed  with  red:   nutlets  3-5,  5-6 
mm.  long,  about  4  mm.  deep,  the  hypostyle  about  4  mm.  long. 

Sandy  soil,  m.  Fla.     (Go.) 

47.  C.  Earlei  Ashe.     A  shrub  1-3  m.*  tall.     Leaf -blades  cuneate  or  obovate, 
or  oblong-cuneiform,  1-2.5  cm.  long,  5-15  mm.  wide,  or  broader  on  leading 
shoots,  pubescent  on  the  lower  surface  at  maturity,  especially  along  the  midrib 
and  veins,  either  rounded  or  pointed  at  the  apex,  wedge-shaped  at  the  base, 
the  borders  serrate,  at  least  above  the  middle;  petioles  1-10  mm.  long,  pubes- 
cent:   corymbs    2— 3-flowered,    or   flowers    solitary:    pedicels    and   hypanthium 
tomentose:   sepals  narrow,  5-7  mm.  long,  serrate  or  entire:   corolla  about  15 
mm.  wide:    stamens  20,  the  anthers  nearly  white:    fruit  pyriform,   7-9   mm. 
wide,  8-11  mm.  long:  nutlets  3-5,  5-7  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle  occupying  about 
three-fourths  of  the  ventral  angle. 

Dry  hills  and  sandy  soil,  n.  Fla.     (Ala.) 

48.  C.  pyracanthoides  Beadle.     A  shrub,  or  a  small  tree  2-5  m.  tall,  with  ashy 
gray  or  brownish  smooth  or  scaly  bark.     Leaf -blades  obovate,  oblanceolate  or 
elliptic,  1.5-5  cm.  long,  7  mm.-3  cm.  wide,  glabrous,  acute  or  rounded  at  the 
apex,  cuneate  at  the  base,  the  margins  serrate  above  the  middle;  petioles  2-10 
mm.   long,   margined:    corymbs   compound,   glabrous,   many-flowered:    pedicels 
and  hypanthium  glabrous:   sepals  2.5-4  cm.  long,  entire  or  remotely  serrate: 
stamens  7-12,  the  anthers  purplish:   fruit  globose  or  nearly  so,  5-8  mm.  in 
diameter,  bright  red  at  maturity:  nutlets  mostly  2,  5-6  mm.  long,  the  hypostyle 
about  half  the  length  of  the  nutlet. 

Banks  of  the  Chipola  river.     (Endemic.) 


AMYGDALACEAE.  43 

FAMILY  7.    AMYGDALACEAE.    PLUM  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  commonly  with  prussic  acid  in  the  tissues.  Leaves 
alternate,  with  free,  often  early  deciduous  stipules:  blades  simple,  mostly 
toothed.  Flowers  perfect,  in  corymbs,  cymes,  racemes,  or  panicles,  some- 
times clustered.  Calyx  of  5  sepals,  borne  on  the  edge  of  the  hypantbium, 
deciduous.  Corolla  of  5  petals.  Androecium  of  many  stamens.  Gynoe- 
cium  of  a  single  carpel,  or  rarely  of  2  or  3  carpels.  Ovary  1-celled :  style 
entire.  Fruit  a  drupe. 

Style  basal :  ovules  erect. 

Inflorescence  axillary  :  drupe  with  a  fluted  stone.  1.  CHBYSOBALAXUS. 

Inflorescence  terminal :  drupe  with  a  terete  stone.  2.  GEOBALANUS. 

Style  terminal  :  ovules  pendulous. 

Drupe  with  a  pulpy  exocarp  :  leaves  deciduous  :  flowers  in 

clusters!  3.  PRCNCS. 

Drupe  with  a  dry  exocarp :   leaves  persistent :   flowers  in 

axillary  racemes.  4.  LADROCEBASUS. 

1.  CKEYSOBALANUS  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  of  an  orbicu- 
lar or  obovate  type.     Cymes  axillary.     Petals  clawed.     Filaments  distinct  or 
nearly  so.     Stone  of  the  fruit  pointed  at  the  base,  ridged. 

Drupe  globular  or  spheroidal :  petals  cuneate.  1.  C.  Icaco. 

Drupe   obovoid  or  oblpng-obovoid :   petals  spatulate.  2.  C.  pellooarpus. 

1.  O.  Icaco  L.     Shrub,  or  tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall,  and  when  growing  on  the 
beach,  with  radially  creeping  branches:  leaf -blades  broadly  obovate  to  orbicu- 
lar-obovate,  mostly  4-8.5   cm.   long,  typically  retuse:    sepals   about  2.5   mm. 
long:  drupes  globose  or  spheroidal,  3-4  cm.  long,  yellow,  red,  or  purple:  stone 
broadly  obovoid,  blunt-ridged. — COCOA-PLTTM. 

Coastal  hammocks,  sand-dunes,  and  sandy  shores,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys. 
(W.  I.) 

2.  C.  pellocarpus  Mey.     Shrub   or  small  tree:    leaf -blades   oval,  obovate,  or 
orbicular,  mostly  2-6  cm.  long,  typically  rounded  or  abruptly  pointed:  sepals 
about  2  mm.  long:  drupes  obovoid  or  oblong-obovoid,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  purple: 
stone  oblong  or  oblong-obovoid,  sharp-ridged. — SMALL-FRUITED  COCOA-PLUM. 

Everglades,  s.  pen.  Fla.     (W.  I.) 

2.  GEOBALANUS  Small.     Shrubs,  with  underground  stems.    Leaf-blades 
more  elongate  than  in  Chrysobalanus.     Cymes  terminal.     Petals  not   clawed. 
Filaments  markedly  united.    Stone  of  the  fruit  terete,  not  pointed  at  the  base. 
• — Spr. — GOPHER-APPLE.    GROUND-OAK. 

Ovary  glabrous  :  drupes  2-2.5  cm.  long.  1.  G.  oblongifolius. 

Ovary  pubescent :  drupes  3-4  cm.  long.  2.  G.  pallidus. 

1.  G.  oblongifolius  (Michx.)  Small.    Plants  1-3  dm.  tall:  blades  of  the  upper 
leaves  oblanceolate  to  oblong,  3-12  cm.  long,  glabrous,  obtuse  or  retuse  and 
mucronate:  drupes  ovoid  to  obovoid. 

Woods,  pinelands,  and  sand-dunes,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys. 
(Cont.) 

2.  G.   pallidus  Small.     Similar  to   G.   oUongifolius  in   habit:    blades  of  the 
upper  leaves  elliptic  to  oblong,  4-10  cm.  long,  acute,  densely  white-tomentose 
beneath,  the  hairs  partly  deciduous:  drupes  subglobose. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys.      (Endemic.) 

3.  PRUNUS    [Tourn.]    L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  sometimes   slightly 
impregnated  with  prussic  acid.     Flowers  in  corymbose  or  umbel-like  clusters, 
relatively    long-pedicelled.     Corolla    mostly    white.     Drupes    usually    glabrous 
and  glaucous,  the  stone  smooth  or  nearly  so.  —  Spr.  —  PLUM. 


44  AMYGDALACEAE. 

Drupe  purple  or  nearly  black  beneath  the  bloom.  15  mm.  in  diameter,  or  less. 

1.  P.  umbellata. 
Drupe  red  or  orange,  without  a  bloom  or  nearly  so,  over  15  mm. 

in  diameter. 
Flowers  manifestly  pedicelled :  mature  pedicels  over  8  mm. 

long :  leaf-blades  over  twice  as  long  as  wide.  2.  P.  angustifolia. 

Flowers  sessile  or  nearly  so :  mature  pedicels  2-3  mm.  long : 

leaf-blades  less  than  twice  as  long  as  wide.  3.  P.  geniculata. 

1.  P.  umbellata  Ell.     Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf- blades  thinnish,  oblong,  ellip- 
tic,  or  nearly   oval,   sometimes  broadest  above   or  below   the  middle,   short- 
acuminate,  or  merely  acute,  serrate,  rounded  or  acute  at  the  base,  glabrous: 
flowers  mostly  expanding  before  the  leaves,  in  lateral  clusters:  sepals  pubes- 
cent within:  petals  4-7  mm.  long:   drupes  globose  or  nearly  so,  12-15  mm.  in 
diameter,  nearly  black  beneath  the  bloom,  with  an  acid  flesh;   stone  plump, 
acute  at  both  ends. — BLACK-SLOE.     HOG-PLUM.     BULLACE-PLUM. 

Dry  woods  and  hammocks,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  P.  angustifolia  Marsh.     Sparingly  spiny  smalltree  or  shrub,  often  forming 
thickets:   leaf-blades  rather  thin,  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  3-10  cm.  long, 
acute  or  slightly  acuminate  at  the  apex,  serrulate,  acute  or  rounded  at  the 
base,  short-petioled :   flowers  in  lateral  clusters,  appearing  before  the  leaves: 
sepals  ovate:   petals  with  mainly  orbicular  or  reniform  blades:    drupes  oval- 
globose,  22-26  mm.  long,  red  or  yellowish,  with  a  slight  bloom;   stone  ovoid, 
hardly  flattened,  acute,  one  of  the  rounded  edges  slightly  grooved. — OLD-FIELD 
PLUM.     CHICKASAW-PLUM. 

Old  fields  and  thickets,  n.  Fla.  and  n.  pen.     (Cont.) 

3.  P.  geniculata  Harper.     Diffusely  branched  shrub,  1.5  m.  tall  or  less,  with 
numerous  zigzag  somewhat  spinescent  branches:   leaf -blades  oblong,  1-2.5  cm. 
long,  mucronate,  finely  crenate-serrate,  rather  short-petioled:  flowers  in  lateral 
f ew-flowered  sessile  umbels  appearing  before  the  leaves :  pedicels  stout,  2-3  mm. 
long:   corolla  white,  1  cm.  wide  or  less:   drupes  oval  or  globose-oval,  2.5  cm. 
long  or  less. 

Sandy  soil,  vicinity  of  Lake  Apopoka. 

4.  LAUEOCERASUS  Reichenb.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  persistent, 
copiously  impregnated  with  prussie  acid.  Flowers  in  axillary  racemes.  Hypan- 
thium  white.  Sepals  minute.  Petals  more  or  less  angulate.  Drupe  with  a 
dry  exocarp. 

Petals  larger  than  the  sepals :  drupe  subglobose.  1.  L.  myrtifolia. 

Petals  smaller  than  the  sepals  :  drupe  oblong  or  oval.  2.  L.  caroliniana. 

1.  L.   myrtifolia    (L.)    Britton.      Shrub   or   small   tree:    leaf -blades   elliptic: 
racemes  loosely  flowered,  the  pedicels  slender:   petals  slightly  angled:   drupes 
8-12  mm.  in  diameter:    stone  sphaeroidal.      [L.  sphaerocarpa   (Sw.)   Eoem.] 
— WEST-INDIAN  CHERRY. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) — Fall. 

2.  L.  caroliniana   (Mill.)   Eoem.     Shrub  or  small  tree:   leaf-blades  narrowly 
elliptic  to  oblong-oblanceolate:    racemes  densely  flowered,  the  pedicels  stout: 
petals  saliently  angled:   drupes  10-13  mm.  long:   stone  ovoid. — MOCK-ORANGE. 

Woods  and  river-banks,  nearly  throughout  Fla..  except  the  F.  Keys.  (Cont., 
W.  I.) — Winter-spr. 

FAMILY  8.    MIMOSACEAE.     MIMOSA  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  compound,  usually 
2-3-pinnate :  stipules  sometimes  spine-like.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  borne 
in  capitate  or  elongate  usually  dense  spikes  or  racemes.  Calyx  of  3-6 
partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  3-6  equal,  distinct  or  partially  united, 


MIMOSACEAE.  45 

petals.  Androecium  of  3-6  or  many  stamens  which  are  usually  conspicu- 
ously exserted.  Gynoecium  1-carpellary.  Fruit  a  legume. 

Stamens  numerous,  more  than  10 :  petals  united. 

Filaments  partially  united  into  a  tube  :  corolla  and  calyx 

unlike. 
Pods  contorted  and  spiral :  seeds  arillate :  leaves  few- 

foliolate.  1.  PITHECOLOBU-M. 

Pods  straight:  seeds  not  arillate:  leaves  many-foliolate.     2.  ALBIZZIA. 
Filaments  distinct :  corolla  like  the  calyx,  but  longer. 

Ovary  stipitate :  petals  partly  united,  commonly  only 
to  below  the  middle  :  pods  flat,  dry,  the  seeds  not  in 
two  distinct  rows.  3.  ACACIA. 

Ovary  sessile  :   petals  united  into  a  tubular-funnelform 
shallowly  lobed  corolla  :  pods  nearly  terete  or  broader 
than  high,  pulpy  within,  the  seeds  in  2  separate  rows.     4.  VACHELLIA. 
Stamens  as  many  as  the  petals:  petals  distinct.  .">.   I.KTCAENA. 

1.  PITHECOLOBRIUM  Mart.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  2-pinnate:  leaf- 
lets few,  often  4.     Spikes  capitate.     Calyx-lobes  minute.     Corolla  prominently 
lobed.      Pods    narrow,    often    pulpy    within.      Seeds   with    colored    arils. — All 
year. 

Ovary  glabrous,  shorter  than  the  stipe :  petioles  longer  than  the  petiolules. 

1.  P.  Unguis-cati. 
Ovary  pubescent,  longer  than  the  stipe :  petioles  shorter  than 

the  petiolules.  2.  P.  guadelupense. 

1.  P.  Unguis-Cati   (L.)   Benth.     Unarmed  shrub  or  small  tree:  blades  of  the 
leaflets  thinnish,  broadly  obovate,  oval,  or  suborbicular,  1-4.5  cm.  long:   calyx 
1.5-2  mm.  long;  lobes  wider  than  long,  blunt:  corolla  3.5-4.5  mm.  long:  pods 
long-stipitate. — -CAT  'S-CLAW. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys,  lower  w.  coast,  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  P.  guadelupense  Chapm.     Armed  shrub  or  small  spreading  tree:  blades  of 
the  leaflets  leathery,  oblong  to  cuneate,  oval,  or  suborbicular,  3-7  cm.  long: 
calyx  2.5-3  mm.  long;  lobes  longer  than  wide,  acute:   corolla  5-6  mm.  long: 
pods  short-stipitate. — BLACK-BEAD. 

Pinelands  and  hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  ALBIZZIA    Durazz.     Shrubs     or    trees.     Leaves     2-pinnate:     leaflets 
numerous.     Spikes  capitate.     Calyx-lobes  relatively  short  and  small.     Corolla 
about  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx.     Pod  linear,  flat. 

1.  A.  Julibrissin  (Willd.)  Durazz.  Shrub  or  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall:  leaves 
with  16-24  pinnae;  leaflets  50-70,  the  blades  falcate-lanceolate,  7-16  mm. 
long,  obliquely  acute:  calyx  about  2  mm.  long:  corolla  6-8  mm.  long;  larger 
lobes  ovate:  pods  broadly  linear,  10-15  cm.  long:  seeds  oblong,  3.5-4.5  mm. 
wide. — JULIBRISSIN.  ACACIA. 

Woods   and   fields,    nearly   throughout    Fla.      Nat.    of   Asia.      (Cont.,   W.   I.)  — 
Spr.-sum. 

3.  ACACIA   [Tourn.]   L.     Shrubs  or  trees,  or  sometimes  herbs.     Leaves 
mostly  2-pinnate,  sometimes  reduced  to   phyllodia:   leaflets  usually  numerous. 
Spikes  capitate  or  cylindric.    Calyx  cupulate  or  resembling  the  corolla.     Petals 
distinct   or   partially   united.      Filaments   distinct,   or   some   of   them   slightly 
united  at  the  base.     Pods  flat. 

1.  A.  angustissima  (Mill.)  Kuntze.  Shrub  with  hirsute  foliage:  leaf -pinnae 
mostly  10-30:  leaflets  very  numerous;  blades  oblong  or  narrowly  oblong,  4-5 
mm.  long:  calyx  less  than  1  mm.  long;  lobes  deltoid,  acute:  corolla  2-2.5  mm. 
long:  pods  linear-oblong,  3-4  cm.  long,  6-9  mm.  wide.  [A.  filicioides  (Cav.) 
Trelease.] — ACACIA. 

Pinelands,  pen.  Fla.     (Cont.) 


46  CASSIACEAE. 

4.  VACHELLIA  Wight   &   Arn.     Shrubs   or   small   trees.     Leaves   2-pin- 
nate:    leaflets    numerous,    small.     Spikes    globose.     Calyx-lobes    minute    and 
relatively  short.     Corolla  about  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  the  lobes  short. 
Filaments  distinct.     Pod  very  turgid. 

1.  V.  Farnesiana  (L.)  Wight  &  Arn.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaf -pinnae  8-16; 
leaflets  20-25,  the  blades  linear-oblong,  2-4  mm.  long:  calyx  about  1.5  mm. 
long:  corolla  2-2.5  mm.  long:  pods  3-7.5  cm.  long. — YELLOW-OPOPANAX. 

Woods,  thickets,  pinelands  and  hammocks,  nearly  throughout  Fla.  Naturalized 
in  some  places.  (Cant.,  W.  I.) 

5.  LEUCAENA    Benth.     Shrubs    or    trees.     Leaves    mostly    2-pinnate: 
leaflets    often    small    and    numerous.     Spikes    capitate.     Calyx-lobes    minute. 
Petals  distinct  or  rarely  slightly  coherent.     Filaments  distinct  or  nearly  so. 
Pod  linear,  flat. 

1.  L.  glauca  (L.)  Benth.     Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaflets  6-12  mm.  long;  blades 
narrowly  oblong  to  lanceolate,  over  1.5  mm.  broad:  calyx  2-2.5  mm.  long  or 
rarely  shorter:  petals  4-4.5  mm.  long:  pods  15-25  cm.  long. — LEAD-TREE. 
Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  9.     CASSIACEAE.     SENNA  FAMILY. 

Trees,  shrubs,  or  herbs.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  compound,  1-2- 
pinnate,  rarely  1-foliolate.  Flowers  perfect,  polygamous,  monoecious,  or 
dioecious,  more  or  less  irregular.  Calyx  of  3-5,  usually  slightly  united, 
sepals,  sometimes  borne  on  the  edge  of  a  well  developed  hypanthium. 
Corolla  of  3-5  unequal  distinct  petals.  Androecium  of  6-10  distinct  or 
nearly  distinct  stamens.  Gynoecium  1-carpellary.  Fruit  a  legume. 

Corolla  apparently  papilionaceous :  leaves  with  1-foliolate  blades     1.  CERCIS. 
Corolla  irregular,  but  not  papilionaceous. 

Leaves  with  1-pinnate  blades.  2.  CASSIA. 

Leaves  with  2-pinnate  blades. 

Pods  long,   smooth  :   standard  with  a  suborbicular  or   reni- 

form  blade. 
Leaf  with  a  very  short  petiole  which  ends  in  a  spine, 

each  division  with  a  long,  flat  phyllode-like  rachis.          3.  PARKINSONIA. 
Leaf  with  a  relatively  long  petiole,  the  rachises  of  the 

divisions  not   phyllode-like. 

Calyx-lobes  valvate.  4.  DELONIX. 

Calyx-lobes  imbricate. 

Petals,  except  the  standard,  long-clawed.  5.  POINCIAXA. 

Petals,  except  the  standard,  sessile  or  with  very 

short  claws.  6.  CAESALPIXIA. 

Pods    short,    prickle-armed :    standard    with    a    cuneate    or 

spatulate  blade.  7.  GUILANDINA. 

1.  CERCIS  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  1-foliolate:  leaflet  broad.    Calyx 
shallowly  lobed:    tube   gibbous.     Corolla  pink-purple:    keel-petals   of  the   ap- 
parently papilionaceous  corolla  longer  than  the  others.    Anthers  short,  opening 
lengthwise.     Pod  very  flat. 

1.  C.  canadensis  L.  Shrub  or  tree:  leaf -blades  broadly  ovate  to  reniform: 
pedicels  mostly  less  than  1.5  cm.  long:  sinuses  of  the  calyx  nearly  as  broad  as 
the  lobes:  larger  petals  12-13  mm.  long;  blades  ovate:  pods  linear-oblong, 
6-9  cm.  long. — BED-BUR.  JUDAS-TREE. 

Rich  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.      (Cont.) — Spr. 

2.  CASSIA  [Tourn.]  L.     Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.    Leaves  abruptly  1-pin- 
nate:   stipules  deciduous.     Flowers  in  axillary  racemes  or  panicles.     Sepals 
nearly  distinct,  leathery  or  petaloid.     Petals  mainly  yellow  or  whitish.     Pod 
more  or  less  turgid,  indehiscent  or  rather  tardily  dehiscent. — SENNA. 


CASSIACEAE.  47 

Pods  short-  and  stout-stipitate :  corollas  less  than  3  cin.  wide :  leaflet-blades  of  an 

ovate  or  lanceolate  type. 

Petiolar  gland  elongate,  near  the  base  of  the  rachis.  1.  C.  ligustrina. 

Petlolar  gland  short,  between  the  lower  pair  of  leaflets  or 

near  it.  2.  C.  bahamettsis. 

Pods  long-  and  slender-stipitate  :  corollas  over  3.5  cm.  wide : 

leaflet-blades  of  an  oblong  or  obovate  type.  3.  C.  biflora. 

1.  C.   ligustrina  L.     Shrub   6-20   dm.   tall,  nearly   glabrous:    leaflets   12-16; 
blades    lanceolate    to    elliptic- lanceolate    or    linear-lanceolate,    2-6    cm.    long: 
petiolar  gland  at  the  base  of  rachis,  elongate,  stipitate:  stipules  linear-lanceo- 
late: sepals  9-12  mm.  long,  the  larger  ones  obovate:  petals  13-16  mm.  long, 
rather  uniform  in  shape:   pods  curved,  flat,  prominently  margined,  7-8  mm. 
wide. 

Hammocks,  pen.  Fla.      (W.  I.) 

2.  O.  bahamensis  Mill.     Shrub  2  m.  tall  or  less:  leaflets  6-10;  blades  sub- 
coriaceous,  ovate  or  oblong-ovate,  mucronate,  1.5-4  cm.  long:   petiolar  gland 
depressed,  between  lower  pair  of  leaflets  or  near  it:  stipules  ovate  to  lanceo- 
late:   sepals   7-12   mm.  long:    petals   10-15  mm.  long,  or  sometimes  smaller: 
pods  flat,  with  lateral  depressions  between  the  seeds,  9-11  cm.  long,  5  mm.  wide. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  C.  biflora  L.     Shrub  1.5  m.  tall  or  less:   leaflets  4-10;  blades  coriaceous, 
oblong  to  obovate,  rnucronulate,  4  cm.  long:  petiolar  gland  stipitate,  slender, 
between   lower  pair   of  leaflets,   or   sometimes  additional   glands   between   the 
other  pairs:  stipules  setaceous:  sepals  6-10  mm.  long:  petals  19-26  mm.  long, 
rather  prominently  clawed :   pods  falcate,  narrowly  linear,  9  cm.  long,  5  mm. 
wide. 

Woods  and  roadsides,  pen.  Fla.     (W.  /.) 

3.  PABKINSONIA  [Plum.]  L.     Shrubs  or  trees,  with  simple  or  branch- 
ing thorns.     Leaflets  numerous,  borne  on  the  phyllode-like  rachises.     Blades  of 
the  short-clawed  petals  mainly  of  an  ovate  type.     Pod  markedly  tortulose,  the 
swollen  portions  nearly  terete. 

1.  P.  aculeata  L.  Shrub  or  small  tree :  leaves  2-4  dm.  long,  the  rachis  winged ; 
leaflets  numerous,  distant,  the  blades  linear  to  linear-oblanceolate,  1-10  mm. 
long:  sepals  oblong,  8-10  mm.  long:  petals  10-17  mm.  long;  blades  except  that 
of  the  standard,  oval  or  ovate:  pods  5-10  cm.  long,  acuminate. — HORSEBEAN. 
JERUSALEM-THORN. 

Roadsides    and    hammocks,    pen.    Fla.    and    the   F.    Keys.      Nat.    of   trop.    Am. 
(Cont.,  W.  I.) 

4.  DELONIX  Eaf.     Unarmed  shrubs  or  spreading  trees.     Leaflets  rela- 
tively small  and  numerous:  blades  narrow.    Sepals  much  shorter  than  the  petals. 
Blades  of  the  petals  mainly  flabellate,  all  long-clawed.     Pod  elongate-linear, 
flat,  the  valves  woody. 

1.  D.  regia  (Boj.)  Eaf.  Shrub  or  tree  with  a  wide  top:  larger  leaves  with 
20-50  pinnae;  leaflets  numerous,  the  blades  linear-oblong,  4-10  mm.  long: 
sepals  22-26  mm.  long:  petals  5-7  cm.  long,  red  or  orange;  blades  broader 
than  long,  crisped:  pods  linear,  commonly  3-5  dm.  long. — KOYAL-POINCIANA. 
FLAME-TREE.  PEACOCK-FLOWER. 

Hammocks,   plnelands,   and   roadsides,   s.   pen.    Fla.   and   the   F.   Keys.      Nat.   of 
Madagascar.     (W.  I.) — Spr. 

5.  POINCIANA    [Tourn.]    L.     Erect   mostly   unarmed    shrubs   or   trees. 
Leaflets  usually  few  and  relatively  large:  blades  rather  broad.     Sepals  much 
shorter   than   the   petals.     Blades   of   the   short-clawed   petals   not   flabellate. 
Pod  flat,  narrow,  the  valves  leathery.     Seeds  flattened. 


48  FABACEAE. 

1.  P.  pulcherrima  L.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaflets  numerous;  blades  oblong 
to  cuneate,  15-25  mm.  long:  sepals  15-16  mm.  long:  corolla  mainly  red; 
standard  25-27  mm.  long:  filaments  40-45  mm.  long:  pods  9-13  cm.  long. — 
BARBADOS-FLOWER.  DWARF-POINCIANA. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     Nat.  of  the  W.  I. 

6.  CAESALPINIA  L.     Erect  unarmed  or  slightly  armed  shrubs  or  trees. 
Leaflets    usually    few    and    relatively    large:    blades    broad.     Sepals    slightly 
shorter  than  the  petals.    Blades  of  the  short- clawed  petals  not  flabellate,  often 
obovate.     Pod  flat,  narrow,  the  valves  leathery.     Seeds  flattened. 

1.  C.  pauciflora   (Griseb.)   C.  Wright.     Shrub  2  m.  tall  or  less:   leaflets  gla- 
brous, mostly  6-12  on  each  pinna;   blades  oblong  to  obovate,  6-12  mm.  long: 
sepals  8-10  mm.  long:   corolla  mainly  yellow;   standard  8-10  mm.  long:   fila- 
ments 8-11  mm.  long:  pods  oblong-elliptic,  2-3.5  cm.  long. 
Pinelands,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

7.  GUILANDINA   L.     Eeclining   or  spreading   prickly   shrubs.      Leaflets 
relatively  few  or  numerous  and  large:   blades  broad.     Sepals  as  long  as  the 
petals  or  nearly  so.    Blades  of  the  narrow  petals  mainly  spatulate.    Pod  nearly 
as  wide  as  long,  turgid.     Seeds  turgid. — NICKER. 

Leaves  with  foliaceous  stipules  :  seeds  gray  or  lead-colored.  1.   O.  Crista. 

Leaves  without  stipules  :  seeds  yellow. 

Leaflet-blades  neither  rounded  nor  retuse  :  corolla  2.5  cm.  wide 

or  more.  2.   G.  Bonduc. 

Leaflet-blades  rounded  or  retuse :  corollas  1.5  cm.  wide  or  less.        3.   G.  ovalifolia. 

1.  G.  Crista   (L.)   Small.     Straggling  or  spreading  shrub:   leaflets  numerous; 
blades   ovate,    oblong-ovate,    or    nearly   oblong,    1.5-3.5    cm.    long,    nucronate: 
racemes  or  panicles  1-4  dm.  long:  sepals  9-11  mm.  long,  mostly  obtuse:  petals 
dull-yellow,  the  narrower  ones  10-13  mm.  long,  truncate  and  3-toothed  at  the 
apex:  pods  oval  or  oval-oblong,  5-7  cm.  long. — GRAY-NICKER. 

Hammocks  and  coastal  sand-dunes,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  G.  Bonduc  L.     Plants  similar  to  G.  Crista  in  habit,  but  leaflets  relatively 
larger:  sepals  mostly  acute:  narrower  petals  rounded  and  merely  uneven  at  the 
apex. — YELLOW-NICKER. 

Coastal  sand-dunes  and  shore-hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.      (IT.  /. ) 

3.  G.  ovalifolia    (Urban)    Britton.     Straggling  shrub  with  curved   or  hooked 
prickles,  the  foliage  minutely  pubescent.     Leaves  1-2  dm.  long  or  more,  the 
leaflets  numerous,  the  blades  oval  or  suborbicular,  varying  to  ovate  or  obovate, 
mostly  1-2  cm.  long,  rounded  or  retuse,  and  mucronate  at  the  apex:   racemes 
1.5-2  dm.  long:  bracts  spreading:  corolla  light  yellow,  less  than  1.5  cm.  wide: 
pods  obovate,  6-8  cm.  long,  prickly  all  over:   seeds  yellow  or  yellowish. 

Hammocks,  s.  Fla.      (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  10.    FABACEAE.     PEA  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  1-compound, 
sometimes  1-foliolate,  or  rarely  simple.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  irregular. 
Calyx  of  5  more  or  less  unequal  partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  5  (or 
of  1  petal  in  Amorpha)  unequal  distinct  or  nearly  distinct  petals  which 
are,  2  keel-petals,  2  wings  and  1  standard  which  surrounds  the  others. 
Androecium  of  10  monadelphous,  diadelphous,  or  rarely  distinct  stamens, 
or  rarely  9  or  5.  Gynoecium  1-carpellary.  Ovary  superior.  Fruit  a 
dehiscent  or  indehiscent  legume  or  a  loment. 

Stamens  10:  filaments  distinct.  Tribe      I.   SOPHOREAE. 

Stamens  10  or  fewer  :  filaments  monodelphous  or  dia- 
delphous. 


FABACEAE.  49 

Shrubs,  or  trees  or  woody  vines,  with  1-foliolate 

or  pinnate  leaf-blades. 

Fruit  2-valved  or  indehiscent,  not  a  loment. 
Foliage  not  glandular-dotted. 

Pods  dehiscent.  Tribe    II.   GALEGBAB. 

Pods  indehiscent.  Tribe  III.  DALBERGIEAE. 

Foliage  glandular-dotted.  Tribe  IV.  PSORALEAE. 

Fruit  a  loment.  Tribe    V.  HEDYSAREAE. 

Shrubs  or  trees  with  3-foliolate  leaf-blades.  Tribe  VI.  PHASEOLEAE. 

TRIBE  I.     SOPHOREAE. 
Inflorescence  racemose :  pods  moniliform,  drooping.  1.  SOPHORA. 

TRIBE  II.     GALEGEAE. 
Leaf-blades  unequally  pinnate. 

Erect  or  diffuse  plants :  wings  cohering  with  the  keel :  keel- 
petals  slightly  auricled  at  the  base  of  the  blades.  2.  CRACCA. 
Twining   vines :    wings    not    cohering    with    the    keel :    keel- 
petals  with  slender  auricles  at  the  base  of  the  blades.  3.  KRAUNHIA.' 
Leaf-blades  equally  pinnate. 

Pod  somewhat  flattened,  wingless.  4.  AGATI. 

Pod  4-angled  and  4-winged.  5.  DAUBENTONIA. 

TRIBE  III.     DALBERGIEAE. 

Calyx  not  2-lipped  :  standard  flabellately  veined,  long-clawed.  6.  DALBERGIA. 

Calyx   prominently   2-lipped :    standard   pinnately   veined,   short- 
clawed.  7.  AMERIMNON. 

TRIBE  IV.     PSORALEAE 

Leaf-blades  digitately  3-5-foliolate.  8.  PAROSELA. 

Leaf-blades  pinnately  several-  to  many-foliolate.  9.  AMORPHA. 

TRIBE  V.     HEDYSAREAE. 
Erect  or  diffuse  plants  with  white,  blue,  violet  or  purple  corollas.      10.  MEIBOMIA. 

TRIBE  VI.     PHASEOLEAE. 
Prickly  shrubs  or  trees  with  broad  leaflet-blades  and  red  corollas.       11.  EBYTHRINA. 

1.  SOPHORA  L.     Shrubs,  trees,  or  herbs.     Leaf-blades  several-foliolate. 
Racemes  erect.    Calyx  nearly  equally  5-lobed  or  truncate.     Standard  markedly 
clawed.    Wings  and  keel-petals  auricled  on  one  side.     Pod  thick.     Seeds  thick. 

1.  S.  tomentosa  L.  Shrub  with  copiously  pubescent  foliage :  blades  of  the 
leaflets  oblong,  oblong-ovate,  or  oval,  or  rarely  spatulate,  2.5-6  cm.  long,  finely 
pubescent  beneath:  calyx  5-8  mm.  long,  the  limb  undulate:  corolla  yellow,  18- 
25  mm.  long:  blades  of  the  wings  and  the  keel-petal  narrowly  oblong:  pods 
5-11  cm.  long,  torulose. 

Coastal  sand-dunes  and  shore-hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  CRACCA.  L.     Herbs  partly  wood  plants,  or  shrubs.    Leaflets  several  or 
many,  broad  or  narrow.     Flowers  in  racemes  or  spike-like  panicles.     Calyx 
2-lipped,  the  upper  2  lobes  usually  shorter  than  the  others  and  partially  united. 
Corolla  pink,  purple,  or  red,  or  white:  standard  pubescent:  wings  auricled  on 
one  side  at  the  base  of  the  blade:  keel-petals  usually  with  an  angular  auricle. 
Pods  flat  or  flattish. — CATGUT.     GOATS '-RUE. 

Calyx  with  short  scattered  appressed  hairs  :  leaflets  and  rachis,  glabrous. 

1.  C.  anyustissima. 
Calyx  permanently  hirsute  :  leaflets,  and  rachis,  hirsute.  2.  C.  corallicola. 

1.  C.  angustissima  (Shuttlw.)  Kuntze.  Stems  glabrous:  leaflets  11-17;  blades 
of  the  lateral  ones  narrowly  linear  or  very  narrowly  linear,  13-45  mm.  long: 
calyx  4-5  mm.  long;  lobes  of  the  upper  lip  lanceolate;  lower  lobe  lanceolate, 
much  longer  than  the  lateral  ones:  standard  9-11  mm.  long:  pods  about  3 
mm.  wide. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys.     (Endemic.) 

Shrubs  of  Florida — 4. 


50  FABACEAE. 

2.  C.  corallicola  Small.     Stems  copiously  loose-pubescent,  or  glabrate  in  age: 
leaflets  11-15;  blades  linear  to  linear-oblong,  7-13  mm.  long:   calyx  4-5  mm. 
long;    lobes  of  the  upper  lip  lanceolate;    lower   and  lateral   lobes  lanceolate, 
about  equal  in  length:  standard  7-10  mm.  long:  pods  2-3  mm.  wide. 
Pinelands,  E.  Keys.     (Endemic.) 

3.  KRAUNHIA    Eaf.     Woody    vines.     Leaflets    several:     blades    entire. 
Flowers  borne  in  drooping  racemes  or  panicles:  calyx  2-lipped.     Corolla  blue, 
purple,  or  white:  standard  clawed,  the  broad  blade  with  2  appendages  at  the 
base.    Wings  and  keel-petals  with  long  slender  auricles  at  the  base  and  slender 
claws.     Pod  turgid,  torulose. 

1.  K.  frutescens  (L.)  Britton.  Stems  twining:  leaves  1-2.5  cm.  long;  leaflets 
1.5-6  cm.  long,  the  blades  mainly  oblong,  elliptic,  or  narrowly  ovate,  acute 
or  obtuse  at  the  base:  racemes  stout,  4-12  cm.  long:  standard  15-18  mm. 
long:  pods  5-10  cm.  long. — WISTERIA. 

Thickets  and  rich  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

4.  AGATI  Adans.     Trees  or  shrubs,  but  short-lived.     Leaflets  numerous. 
Eacemes  2-4-flowered.     Calyx  slightly  2-lipped,  but  usually  with  obscure,  very 
broad  lobes.     Corolla  large,  pinkish  or  red:  standard  with  an  oblong  or  ovate 
blade :  wings  not  auricled :  keel-petals  merely  angular  at  the  base  of  the  blade. 
Pods  greatly  elongate,  straight  or  nearly  so. 

1.  A.  grandiflora  (L.)  Desv.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaves  1-3  dm.  long; 
leaflets  numerous,  the  blades  oblong  to  linear-oblong,  2-4  cm.  long:  calyx 
2-2.5  cm.  long:  standard  6-10  cm.  long,  the  blade  ovate:  pods  elongate-linear, 
2-4  dm.  long. — AUSTRALIAN  CORKWOOD-TREE. 

Hammocks  and  cultivated  grounds,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  Key  West.    Nat.  of  E.  Indies. 
(V7.  I.) — Spr.-sum. 

5.  DAUBENTONIA  DC.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaflets  numerous.     Eacemes 
several-flowered.    Calyx  minutely  5-lobed  and  scarcely  2-lipped.    Corolla  yellow: 
standard  with  an  orbicular-reniform  blade:  wings  and  keel-petals  not  auricled. 
Pods  relatively  long,  the  body  winged. 

1.  D.  longifolia  (Cav.)  DC.  Shrub:  leaflets  12-60;  blades  oblong,  1-2.5  cm. 
long,  mucronate:  calyx-lobes  acute:  corolla  scarlet  or  paler:  blade  of  the 
standard  13-18  mm.  wide;  wings  and  keel-petals  18-20  mm.  long:  pods  6-9  cm. 
long,  the  stipe  1-1.5  cm.  long. 

Sandy  waste  places  and  cultivated  grounds,  n.  Fla.     Nat.  of  Mex.     (Cont.) 

6.  DALBEBGIA  L.  f .    Shrubs.    Leaflets  solitary :  blades  broad.    Eacemes 
short.     Calyx  not  2-lipped,  the  5  broad  lobes  short.     Corolla  white  or  pink: 
standard  with  a  suborbicular  or  reniform  blade  and  a  long  claw.    Free  portions 
of  the  filaments  long.     Pod  lenticular. 

1.  D.  Ecastophyllum  (L.)  Taub.  Shrub  with  wide-spreading  or  trailing  branches : 
leaflets  5-15  cm.  long;  blades  ovate,  oblong,  or  elliptic:  calyx  campanulate, 
becoming  3.5-4  mm.  long:  corolla  white  or  pink;  standard  3-9  mm.  long,  the 
blades  suborbicular :  pods  suborbicular,  2-3  cm.  in  diameter. — Coastal  sand-dunes 
and  shore  hammocks. 

Coastal  sand-dunes  and  shore-hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

7.  AMEE.IMNON  Jacq.    Shrubs.    Leaflets  solitary.    -Eacemes  short.    Calyx 
2-lipped:  upper  lip  with  2  broad  lobes:  lower  lip  with  2  short  lateral  lobes  and 
a  long  middle  one.    Corolla  white  or  pink:  standard  with  an  obovate  or  cuneate 
blade  and  a  short  claw.     Filaments  and  ovary  as  in  Dalbergia.     Pods  more  or 
less  elongate,  stipitate. 


FABACEAE.  51 

1.  A.  Brownei  Jacq.  Shrub  with  reclining  or  trailing  branches.  Leaves  1-folio- 
late ;  leaflets  thickish,  the  blades  6-12  cm.  long,  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  obtuse  or 
acutish,  glabrous  in  age:  racemes  short:  calyx  4-5  mm.  long;  upper  lip  with 

2  broad  lobes;  lateral  lobes  of  the  lower  lip  ovate,  the  middle  lobe  lanceolate: 
corolla  white  or  pink;  standard  8-10  mm.  long,  the  blade  obovate  or  cuneate: 
pods  oval,  oblong  or  linear-oblong,   1-3.5  cm.  long.     [Dalbergia  Amerimnum 
Benth.] 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

8.  PAROSELA   Cav.     Shrubs   or   herbs.     Leaflets   numerous,   few   or   3. 
Spikes  slender  or  stout.     Calyx  nearly  regular  or  the  lower  lobe  elongated. 
Petals  purple  or  yellow,  or  white.    Standard  with  a  broad,  often  cordate  blade. 
Wings   and  keel-petals  with  broad   blades   auricled   on   one    side.     Filaments 
united  nearly  to  the  top.      Pod  oblique,  mostly  included  in  the  calyx. 

1.  P.  domingensis  (DC.)  Heller.  Shrub  8-30  dm.  tall,  velvety-pubescent: 
leaflets  13-15;  blades  oval,  oblong,  obovate,  or  cuneate,  4-8  mm.  long:  bracts 
ovate:  calyx-lobes  longer  than  the  tube:  standard  5-6  mm.  long ;  blade  orbicular- 
ovate,  longer  than  the  claw:  pods  3-3.5  mm.  long. — Sometimes  mainly  her- 
baceous. 

Hammocks  and  adjacent  pinelands,  s.  pen.  Fla.     (W.  I.) 

9.  AMORPHA  L.     Shrubs.     Leaflets  several  or  many,  dotted.     Racemes 
spike-like.      Calyx  2-lipped,  sometimes  obscurely  so.      Standard  erect,  the  broad 
blade  folded  around  the  androecium  and  gynoecium.     Wings  and  keel-petals 
wanting.      Filaments  united   at   the  base.      Style   pubescent,   straight.      Pod 
turgid,  nearly  indehiscent. — LEAD-PLANT. 

Lower  pair  of  leaflets  approximate  to  the  stem.  1.  A.  herbacea. 

Lower  pair  of  leaflets  remote  from  the  stem. 

Pods  strongly  curved  on  the  back.  2.  A.  fruticosa. 

Pods  straight  on  the  back  or  nearly  so. 

Calyx  slightly  2-lipped,  the  lower  lobes  little  or  scarcely 

longer  than  the  upper.  3.  A.  virgata. 

Calyx  markedly  2-lipped,  the  lower  lobes  much  longer  than 

the  upper.  4.  A.  caroliniana. 

1.  A.  herbacea  Walt.     Shrub  3-8  dm.  tall,  grayish-pubescent:  leaflets  11-37; 
blades  elliptic,  oblong  or  oblong-ovate,  9-16  mm.   long,  obtuse;   racemes  clus- 
tered, 4-30  cm.  long:  calyx  about  4  mm.  long,  the  two  upper  lobes  broader  and 
shorter  than  the  acute  lower  ones:   standard  broadly  spatulate,  4-5  mm.  long, 
varying   from   violet-purple   to   white:    pods   4-5   mm.    long,   2-2.5    mm.    wide, 
rounded  on  the  ventral  and  nearly  straight  on  the  dorsal  suture,  marked  with 
numerous  dark  glands. 

Pinelands  and  hammocks,  nearly  throughout  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr.  or  all  year. 

2.  A.  fruticosa  L.     Shrub  1.5-6  m.  tall:  leaflets  11-25;  blades  oblong-ovate, 
oval  or  elliptic-oblong,  1.5-4  cm.  long:  racemes  usually  clustered,  7-15  cm.  long: 
calyx  about  3.5  mm.  long,  the  two  upper  lobes  rounded,  the  three  lower  ones  tri- 
angular, acute,  the  middle  one  a  little  longer  than  the  others:  standard  rou-nd- 
obovate,  emarginate,  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base,  about  6  mm.  long:   pods 
7-9  mm.  long,  usually  much  curved,  conspicuously  marked  with  large  amber- 
colored,  raised  glands. 

Swamps  and  river-banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

3.  A.  virgata  Small.     Shrub  1-2  m.  tall:  leaflets  11-19;  blades  oblong,  oblong- 
ovate  or  ovate,  2-5  cm.  long,  nearly  smooth  above,  sparsely  pubescent  beneath, 
the  petiolules  2-3  mm.  long:  racemes  one  or  several,  8-15  cm.  long:  calyx  about 

3  mm.  long,  sparsely  pubescent;   lobes  triangular,  acute:    standard  orbicular, 
about   6  mm.   long,  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base:   pods  about   7  mm.  long, 


52  FABACEAE. 

rounded  on  the  ventral  edge,  nearly  straight  on  the  dorsal,  dark-brown,  marked 
with  small  glands. 

Sandy  or  rocky  soil,  n.  Fla.     (Cow*.) — Spr. 

4.  A.  caroliniana  Groom.  Shrub  1-2  m.  tall:  leaflets  numerous;  blades  elliptic- 
oblong,  9-18  mm.  long,  rounded  at  both  ends,  dotted  with  dark  glands,  the 
petiolules  about  1  mm.  long:  racemes  one  or  several,  9-20  cm.  long,  nearly 
glabrous:  calyx  3-4  mm.  long;  lobes  ciliate,  the  two  upper  rounded,  the  lower 
subulate-pointed:  pods  4-5  mm.  long,  rounded  on  the  ventral  edge,  nearly 
straight  on  the  dorsal,  marked  with  numerous  dark  glands.  [A.  glabra  Boynton. 
Not  Poir.] 

Sandy  woods,  m.  and  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

10.  MEIBOMIA  Heister.     Herbs,  shrubs  or  vines.     Leaflets  3,  or  rarely  1 
or  5.     Bacemes  simple  or  compound.     Calyx  2-lipped,  sometimes  obscurely  so, 
the  middle  lobe  of  the  lower  lip  often  smaller  or  narrower  and  longer  than  the 
lateral  ones.    Corolla  variously  colored  or  white:  standard  with  a  broad  blade: 
blades  of  the  wings  and  the  keel-petals  auricled   on  one   side,  short-clawed. 
Ovary  slender.    Loment  few-several-jointed,  usually  with  hooked  hairs. 

1.  M.  supina  (Sw.)  Britton.  Shrub  with  glabrous  or  nearly  glabrous  stems: 
stipules  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate:  leaflets  about  2  cm.  long;  blades  oval 
or  elliptic:  lateral  calyx-lobes  lanceolate:  standard  5-6  mm.  long,  truncate  or 
subcordate  above  the  short  claw:  androecium  5-6  mm.  long:  loment- joints  1-1.5 
mm.  wide,  much  longer. — TICK-TREFOIL.  BEGGAR  'S-TICKS. 
Hammocks,  E.  Keys.  (W.  I.) 

11,  ERYTHBINA  L.      Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.      Leaflets  3.      Eacemes 
several-many-flowered.      Calyx    obliquely    truncate.      Corolla    red,    scarlet    or 
crimson:   standard  conspicuous,  erect,  narrowed  upward:  wings  and  the  keel- 
petals  very  small,  nearly  equal  in  size,  the  blades  short-clawed.     Androecium 
exserted:  filaments  united  to  about  the  middle  and  slightly  above  it.»    Ovary 
long-stipitate.     Pod  torulose. 

1.  E.  arborea  (Chapm.)  Small.     Shrub  or  tree  3-8  m.  tall:  leaflets  3.5-10  cm. 
long;  blades  deltoid  to  hastately  3-lobed:  racemes  few-flowered:   calyx  cylin- 
dric:   standard  35-40  mm.  long;  blade  about  1  cm.  wide:   wing-petals  11-12 
mm.  long:  pods  drooping,  8-15  cm.  long. — CORAL-BEAN. 
Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (Endemic.) 

Order  GERANIALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite:  blades  simple 
or  compound.  Flowers  perfect,  monoecious,  or  dioecious,  mostly  regular. 
Calyx  of  distinct  sepals.  Corolla  of  distinct,  or  nearly  distinct  petals,  or 
rarely  wanting.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals  or 
twice  as  many,  or  rarely  more.  Gynoecium  of  2  or  several  united  carpels. 
Ovary  superior.  Fruit  various. 

Plants  destitute  of  secreting  glands  or  cells  in  the  tissues. 

Flowers  regular :  sepals  without  dorsal  glands.  Fam.  1.  ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. 

Flowers  irregular :  sepals  with  dorsal  glands.  Fam.  2.  MALPIGHIACEAE. 

Plants  with  secreting  glands,  these  often  in  the  leaves, 

or  only  in  the  bark. 

Leaf-blades  punctate  by  oil-glands.  Fam.  3.  RUTACEAE. 

Leaf-blades  not  punctate. 

Gynoecium  of  distinct  carpels.  Fam.  4.   SUEIANACEAE. 

Gynoecium  of  more  or  less  united  carpels.  Fam.  5.  SIMAKOCBACEAE. 


KUTACEAE.  53 

FAMILY  1.    ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.     CALTROP  FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  perennial  herbs.  Leaves  opposite  or  alternate  by  the 
suppression  of  one  of  each  pair:  blades  compound.  Flowers  perfect. 
Calyx  of  4-6,  mostly  5,  sepals.  Corolla  of  4-6,  mostly  5,  petals  or  rarely 
wanting.  Androecium  of  twice  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals. 
Gynoecium  of  2-4-united  carpels.  Fruit  capsular,  sometimes  baccate  at 
maturity,  sometimes  separating  into  nut-like  carpels. 

1.  GUAIACTJM    [Plum.]    L.  Shrubs  or   trees.     Leaves  relatively  large, 

persistent,  the  leaflets  but  little  longer  than  wide.     Sepals   5    or  rarely   4, 

unequal.  Petals  blue  or  purple.  Filaments  unappendaged.  Fruit  angled  or 
winged. 

1.  G.  sanctum  L.  Shrub  or  tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall,  the  bark  pale:  leaves 
5-10  cm.  long;  leaflets  6-8,  the  blades  broadly  oblong  to  obovate,  2-3  cm. 
long:  sepals  obovate  to  oblong- obovate,  6-7  mm.  long:  corolla  about  2.5  cm. 
wide;  petals  broadly  obovate:  fruit  obovoid,  15-17  mm.  long,  orange. — 

LlGNUM-VITAE. 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  7.)— Spr. 

.JfifoJ 

FAMILY  2.    MALPIGHIACEAE.    MALPIGHIA  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  partially  woody  herbs  or  vines.  Leaves  opposite : 
blades  simple.  Flowers  usually  perfect,  sometimes  cleistogamous.  Calyx 
of  5  often  gland-bearing  sepals.  Corolla  of  5  usually  clawed  petals,  or 
wanting.  Androecium  of  5-10  perfect  or  partly  sterile  stamens.  Gynoe- 
cium of  2-4,  usually  3,  distinct  or  united  carpels.  Fruit  drupaceous, 
capsular,  or  nut-like. 

1.  BYBSONIMA  L.  C.  Eich.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Flowers  in  terminal* 
racemes  or  panicles.  Petals  white,  reddish,  or  purplish,  reflexed.  Stigmas- 
acute.  Carpels  permanently  united.  Cotyledons  circinate-coiled. 

1.  B.  lucida  (Sw.)  DC.     Evergreen  shrub  or  small  tree,  mostly  3-18  dm.  tall:: 
leaf -blades    spatulate    to    obovate-spatulate,    2—4    cm.    long,    lustrous    above:: 
racemes  2-4  cm.  long:  petals  white,  turning  yellow  or  rose,  7  mm.  long,  the? 
blades  reniform:  drupes  4-6  mm.  in  diameter. — LOCUST-BERRY. 
Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  7.) 

FAMILY  3.    RUTACEAE.    RUE  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees  or  rarely  herbs,  often  prickle  armed,  with  glandular- 
punctate  tissues.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite:  blades  simple  or  pin- 
nately  compound,  sometimes  1-foliolate.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous, 
mostly  regular.  Calyx  of  3-5,  or  rarely  more,  sepals,  or  wanting.  Corolla 
of  3-5,  or  rarely  more,  petals.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there 
are  sepals  or  petals  or  rarely  thrice  as  many.  Gynoecium  of  2-5  distinct 
or  united  carpels.  Fruit  capsular,  samaroid,  drupaceous  or  baccate. 

Fruit  dry,  follicular  or  samaroid. 

Fruit  dehiscent,  a  follicle.  1.  ZANTHOXYLUM. 

Fruit  indehiscent,  a  samara.  2.  PTELEA. 

Fruit  fleshy,  drupaceous  or  baccate. 

Fruit  a  drupe :  ovary  1-celled.  3.  AMYRIS. 

Fruit  a  berry :  ovary  2-several-celled. 
Stamens  6-10:  carpels  1-ovuled. 

Styles  very  short  or  obsolete,  persistent :  ovary  5-celled.     4.  GLYCOSMIS. 
Styles  elongate,  deciduous  :  ovary  3-  or  4-celled.  5.  TBIPHASIA. 

Stamens  20  or  more  :  carpels  several-ovuled.  6.  CITRUS. 


54  EUTACEAE. 

1.  ZANTHOXYLUM  [Catesby]  L.    Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaf -blades  pinnate, 
sometimes    1-foliolate.      Flowers   polygamous,    in    axillary    spikes    or    terminal 
corymb-like  or  cyme-like  panicles.     Sepals  present  or  wanting.     Petals  4  or  5, 
mostly  erect.    Mature  carpels  solitary,  or  2-5  together. — Spr.-sum.,  or  all  year. 

Flowers  In  small  axillary  spikes  :  sepals,  petals  and  stamens  4.          1.  Z.  Fagara. 
Flowers  in  large  terminal  cyme-like  or  corymb-like  panicles  : 

sepals,  petals  and  stamens  3  or  5. 
Sepals,  and  petals,  5 :  leaflets  herbaceous. 

Sepals  triangular  or  deltoid,  partially  united,  persistent.      2.  Z.  flavum. 
Sepals  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  distinct,  deciduous.          3.  Z.  Clava-Herculis. 
Sepals,  and  petals,  3 :  leaflets  leathery.  4.  Z.  coriaceum. 

1.  Z.  Fagara  (L.)  Sarg.    Shrub,  or  tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall,  the  trunk  slender, 
often   inclining:    leaves   2.5-11    cm.    long,   the   rachis   winged:    blades   of    the 
lateral   leaflets  mostly   obovate   to   oval,   1-2.5    cm.   long,   shallowly   crenate: 
mature  carpels  subglobose,  3.5-4  mm.  long. — WILD-LIME. 

Coastal  hammocks,  lower  pen.  Fla.,  and  those  of  the  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     ( W.  I.) 

2.  Z.  flavum  Vahl.     Shrub,  or  tree  sometimes  12  m.  tall,  unarmed,  the  twigs 
stellate-canescent :  leaves  9-25  cm.  long,  the  rachis  terete:  blades  of  the  lateral 
leaflets  mostly  oblong  or  ovate,  3.5-10  cm.  long:  mature  carpels  obovoid,  5-9 
mm.  long. — YELLOW-WOOD.     SATIN-WOOD. 

Hammocks,  lower  F.  Keys.     (TV.  /.) 

3.  Z.  Clava-Herculis  L.      Shrub,  or  tree  sometimes  17  m.  tall,  the  prickles 
raised  on  corky  bases:  leaves  1-3  dm.  long;  blades  of  the  lateral  leaflets  ovate, 
4-5   cm.  long,  appressed-serrate :   mature  carpels  mostly  2-5  together,  about 
4-6  mm.  long. — TOOTHACHE-TREE.     PRICKLY-ASH.    SEA-ASH.    PEPPER-WOOD. 

Hammocks,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont.) 

4.  Z.  coriaceum  Eich.      Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  7  m.  tall:   leaves  6-15  cm. 
long;  blades  of  the  leaflets  leathery,  rigid,  obovate  to  cuneate  or  oblong  with 
acuminate  base,  2-6  cm.  long:  mature  carpels  5-6  mm.  long. — HERCULES '-CLUB. 

Coastal  hammocks,  lower  eastern  coast  of  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  PTELEA   L.     Shrubs   or   trees.     Leaf-blades   3-foliolate   or  rarely  5- 
foliolate.    Flowers  polygamous,  in  corymbose  or  panicled  cymes.    Sepals  4  or  5. 
Petals  4  or  5,  narrow.    Ovary  2-3-celled.    Ovules  2  in  each  cavity,  superposed. 
Samara  winged  all  around.     SHRUBBY-TREFOIL. 

Filaments  copiously  pubescent  nearly  up  to  the  anthei'S  :  anthers  ovoid,  narrowed  at 
the  apex.  1.  P.  trifoliata. 

Filaments  pubescent  at  the  middle :  anthers  oval,  rounded  at  the 

apex.  2.  P.  Baldwlnii. 

1.  P.  trifoliata  L.      Shrub,  or  tree  sometimes  8  m.  tall:  blades  of  the  leaflets 
ovate,  oval,  elliptic,  oblong,  oblong-lanceolate,  or  oblanceolate,  4-12  cm.  long: 
panicles   many-flowered:    sepals   ovate    or   oblong-ovate,   1.5   mm.    long:    petals 
nearly  oblong,  4-6  mm.  long:   filaments  3.5-4  mm.  long:   anthers  ovoid,  about 
1.5  mm.  long:   samaras  suborbicular  or  oval-orbicular,  2-2.5   cm.   long. — HOP- 
TREE.    WAFER-ASH. 

Rich  woods  and  rocky  river-banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

2.  P.  Baldwin!!  T.  &  G.     Shrub:  blades  of  the  leaflets  oval  or  ovate,  1-2  cm. 
long:   panicles  few-flowered:  sepals  oval,  less  than  1  mm.  long:   petals  oblong- 
oblanceolate  or  oval,  3-4  mm.  long:    filaments  1.5-2  mm.  long:    anthers  oval, 
about  1  mm.  long. 

Woods,   vicinity   of    St.   Johns,   e.    Fla.      (Endemic.) — Early   spr. — Not   recently 
collected. 

3.  AMYBIS    [P.  Br.]    L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades   pinnate,  or  1- 
foliolate,   the  petiole   wingless.     Flowers  perfect   or  polygamous,   paniculate. 


BUTACEAE.  55 

Sepals  4  or  5.  Petals  4  or  5,  broad.  Ovary  1-celled:  style  short  or  wanting. 
Ovules  2.  Drupe  with  a  single  seed.  —  All  year.  The  following  species  have 
yellow  or  deep-yellow,  very  resinous,  close-grained,  heavy,  hard,  and  strong 
heart-wood. 

Fruits  globose :  ovary  glabrous  :  leaflets  shining  beneath.  1.  A.  elemifera. 

Fruits  obovold  to  oblong-obovold :  ovary  pubescent :  leaflets  dull 

beneath.  2.  A.  balsamifera. 

1.  A.  elemifera  L.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  17  m.  tall:  leaflets  3  or  5;  blades 
ovate  to  rhombic-ovate,  2-8  cm.  long:  petals  2.5-3.5  mm.  long:  drupes  4-8  mm. 
long,  black  beneath  the  bloom. — TORCHWOOD. 

Coastal  hammocks,  lower  eastern  coast,  E.  Keys  and  adj.  western  coast,  and  on 
the  F.  Keys.  (W.  I.) 

2.  A.  balsamifera  L.     Shrub,  or  small  tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall:  leaflets  3-5; 
blades  ovate  to  rhombic-ovate,  5-13  cm.  long,  dull  beneath:   drupes  obovoid- 
oblong  to  obovoid,  6-14  mm.  long. — BALSAM-TOBCHWOOD. 

Coastal  hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.     (W.  /.) 

4.  GLYCOSMIS  Correa.    Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaf -blades  1-severai-f  oliolate: 
leaflets  mostly  entire.     Flowers  perfect,  relatively  small.     Sepals  nearly  dis- 
tinct.   Petals  5,  elongate.    Ovary  2-5-celled:  styles  very  short.     Ovules  solitary 
in  each  cavity.     Berry  globular,  the  pulp  very  thin. 

1.  G.  pentaphylla  (Eetz.)  DC.  Shrub  1-4  m.  tall  or  small  tree:  leaves 
1-5-f oliolate ;  leaflets  elliptic  to  oblong,  or  broadest  above  the  middle,  8-16  cm. 
long,  glabrous:  sepals  orbicular  to  oval,  1-2  mm.  long:  petals  oblong  some- 
times broadly  so,  3-4  mm.  long:  filaments  clavate:  berries  7-10  mm.  in 
diameter,  white  or  pink. — GLYCOSMIS. 

Hammocks,  Key  West,  Nat.  of  Trop.  Asia.     (W.  I.) 

5.  TRIPHASIA  Lour.    Shrubs.    Leaf -blades  3-f  oliolate :  leaflets  with  toothed 
blades.    Flowers  perfect,  relatively  large.    Sepals  united.    Petals  3  or  4,  narrow. 
Ovary  3-  or  4-celled:   styles  elongate,  united.     Ovules  solitary  in  each  cavity. 
Berry  resembling  a  small  orange.  . 

1.  T.  trifolia  (Burm.  f.)  P.  Wilson.  Shrub  mostly  1-2  m.  tall:  leaflets  3; 
blades  ovate  to  nearly  oblong,  or  oval,  1-5  cm.  long,  shallowly  crenate:  calyx- 
lobes  acute:  petals  12-16  mm.  long:  berries  oblong  to  globular-oblong,  10-^16 
mm.  long. — BERGAMOT-LIME.  LIME-BERRY. 

Hammocks  and  fields,  pen.  Fla.    Nat.  of  the  E.  Indies.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

5.  CITRUS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf -blades  1-foliolate,  the  petiole  often 
winged.  Flowers  perfect,  axillary.  Sepals  united.  Petals  5,  or  4-8,  mostly 
wax-like.  Ovary  several-celled:  styles  united,  deciduous.  Ovules  several. 
Berry  several-seeded. 

The  wood  of  the  several  species  of  Citrus  Is  yellow  or  yellowish-white,  close- 
grained,  hard,  and  heavy.  The  following  species  of  Citrus  were  introduced  In 
Florida  from  tropical  and  temperate  countries,  some  of  them  at  a  very  early  date. 
The  following  species,  and  others,  are  extensively  cultivated  In  Florida. 

Berry  of  a  globose  or  spheroidal  type,  not  mamlllate  at  the  apex. 
Wings  of  the  petioles  usually  broad :  pulp  of  the  berry  bitter 

and  sour.  1.  C.  vulgaris. 

Wings  of   the   petioles   usually  narrow :   pulp   of  the   berry 

sweet  or  sour.  2.  C.  Aurantium. 

Berry  of  an  elongate  type,  commonly  mamlllate  at  the  apex. 
Berry    relatively    small,    with    a    relatively    thin    rind,    the 
pulp  well  developed,  with  abundant  juice,  and  very  acid. 
Corolla   2-2.5   cm.   wide :    leaflets   with   a   rounded   apex.        3.  C.  Lima. 
Corolla  3-5  cm.  wide :  leaflets  with  an  acute  apex.  4.  C.  Limonum. 

Berry    relatively    large,    with   a    thick    rind,    the    pulp    only 

slightly  developed,  with  little  Juice,  and  not  very  acid.  5.  C.  Medica. 


56  SIMAEOUBACEAE. 

1.  C.  vulgaris  Eisso.     Thorny  shrub  or  small  tree:   leaflets  ovate  to  oblong, 
6-12  cm.  long,  often  acuminate,  the  petioles  usually  broadly  winged:  flowers  in 
small  cymes:   sepals  often  obtusish:   berries  dark-orange  or  reddish,  the  rind 
thick,  the  pulp  sour  and  bitter. — BITTER-SWEET  ORANGE. 

Woods  and  hammocks,  pen.  Fla.  and  the  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  O.    Aurantium    L.     Thorny    shrub    or    small    tree:    leaflets    oval,    oblong- 
ovate,  or  ovate,  6.5-13  cm.  long,  often  acute  or  rounded,  the  petioles  usually 
narrowly  winged:    flowers   in   axillary   clusters:    sepals    often   acute:    berries 
mostly  yellow,  the  rind  usually  thin,  the  pulp  sour  or  sweet. — SWEET-ORANGE. 

Woods  and  hammocks,  pen.  Pla.  and  the  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  C.   Lima  Lunan.     Small   tree   or   straggling   shrub,   with  numerous   sharp 
thorns:  leaflets  oval  to  oblong-elliptic,  6.5-9  cm.  long,  commonly  rounded  at 
the  apex,  crenulate:    petioles  narrowly  winged:   flowers  in   clusters   of  3-10: 
petals  white  without  and  within:  berries  small,  mostly  less  than  6  cm.  long,  the 
rind  very  thin,  the  pulp  greenish. — LIME. 

Woods,  thickets  and  hammocks,  pen.  Fla.  and  the  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

4.  C.  Limonum  (L.)  Eisso.     Small  tree  or  spreading  shrub,  less  thorny  than 
C.  Lima:  leaflets  oblong-elliptic  or  ovate-oval,  5-11  cm.  long,  commonly  acute 
or  acuminate  at  the  apex,  crenate:  petioles  broadly  winged:  flowers  solitary  or 
2  together :  petals  purplish  without,  white  within :  berries  large,  mostly  over  6  cm. 
long,  the  rind  relatively  thin,  the  pulp  yellowish. — LEMON. 

Woods  and  hammocks,  pen.  Fla.  and  the  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

5.  C.  Medica  L.     Small  tree  or  shrub,  sometimes  with  stout  thorns:   leaflets 
oblong  to  elliptic,  or  slightly  broadened  upward,  12-20  cm.  long,  rounded  and 
often  emarginate  at  the  apex,  serrulate-crenate,  dull-green:  flowers  in  clusters 
of  3-10:  petals  purple-tinged  without,  white  within:   berries  oblong  or  oval, 
usually  very  large,  mostly  12-20  cm.  long,  often  coarsely  wrinkled,  the  rind 
very  thick. — CITRON. 

Hammocks  and  woods,  pen.  Fla.  and  the  Keys.     (IF.  7.) 

FAMILY  4.     SURIANACEAE.     BAY-CEDAR  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees  of  coastal  sands.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  entire. 
Flowers  perfect,  solitary,  or  few  in  terminal  clusters.  Calyx  of  5  per- 
sistent sepals.  Corolla  of  5  clawed  petals.  Androecium  of  10  stamens, 
those  opposite  the  petals  more  or  less  reduced.  Gynoecium  of  5  distinct 
carpels  opposite  the  petals.  Ovules  2,  side  by  side.  Fruit  achene-like. 

1.  SUBIANA  [Plum.]  L.  Shrubs  with  erect  stems  or  trees  with  wide- 
spreading  branches,  the  bark  flaky.  Leaves  numerous,  fleshy.  Fruits  seated  in 
the  persistent  calyx. 

1.  S.  maritima  L.  Shrub  or  tree  8  dm.  tall,  the  wood  very  hard  and  heavy: 
leaves  fleshy,  appressed-pubescent,  approximate;  blades  linear-spatulate,  1.5-4 
cm.  long:  sepals  ovate,  6-8  mm.  long:  petals  yellow,  about  as  long  as  the  sepals: 
mature  carpels  4-4.5  mm.  long. — BAY-CEDAR. 

Sand-dunes  and  coastal  hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  5.     SIMAROUBACEAE.     QUASSIA  FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  rarely  herbs.  Leaves  alternate  or  rarely  opposite: 
blades  pinnately  compound,  1-3-foliolate  or  rarely  simple.  Flowers  polyg- 
amous, deciduous,  or  rarely  perfect,  solitary,  spicate,  racemose  or  panicu- 
late. Calyx  of  3-5  sepals.  Corolla  of  3-5  petals  or  wanting.  Androecium 
of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals  or  twice  as  many,  or  rarely  very 


EUPHOEBIACEAE.  67 

many.  Gynoecimn  of  2-5  more  or  less  united  carpels.  Ovary  usually 
lobed.  Stigmas  mostly  introrse.  Fruit  a  drupe  or  a  samara,  or  baccate. 

Fruit  baccate  :  corolla  present :  ovary  not  notched  at  the  apex.  1.  PICBAMNIA. 

Fruit  sainaroid  :  corolla  wanting  :  ovary  notched  at  the  apex.  2.  ALVARADOA. 

1.  PICRAJVLN1A  Sw.     Shrubs   or   trees.     Leaf-blades  unequally   pinnate, 
the   leaflets   thickish.     Flowers   dioecious,   spicate   or   racemose.     Sepals   3-5, 
short.    Petals  3-5,  imbricate  or  wanting.    Stamens  3-5,  unappendaged.    Ovary 
2-3-celled,  not  lobed:  style  very  short.     Fruit  a  berry. 

1.  P.  pentandra  Sw.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaflets  5-7;  blades  elliptic  to 
oblong-elliptic,  or  rarely  ovate,  5-10  cm.  long,  lustrous  above:  berries  oblong, 
10-15  mm.  long. — BITTER-BUSH. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  ALVARADOA  Liebm.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  unequally  pin- 
nate, the  leaflets  thinnish.    Flowers  dioecious,  borne  in  spreading  or  drooping 
racemes.     Sepals  5,   short.     Petals  wanting.     Stamens  5,   alternating  with  5 
staminodia.      Ovary   flattened   or   3-angled,    2-3-celled,   notched   at   the   apex. 
Fruit  sainaroid. 

1.  A.  amorphoides  Liebm.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaves  approximate  at  the 
ends  of  the  branches;  leaflets  numerous,  the  blades  1-2  cm.  long,  those  of  the 
lateral  leaflets  mostly  oblong  or  oval:  flowers  numerous,  slender-pedicelled : 
sepals  ovate,  about  1.5  mm.  long:  filaments  pubescent:  capsules  oblong  or 
ovate-oblong,  12-14  mm.  long,  ciliate,  notched. — ALVARADOA. 
Hammocks,  E.  Keys.  (W.  I.) 

Order  16.    EUPHORBIALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  various,  sometimes  reduced  to  scales 
or  almost  wanting.  Flowers  mainly  monoecious  or  dioecious,  regular. 
Calyx  of  several  sepals.  Corolla  of  several  petals,  or  often  wanting. 
Androecium  of  more  than  one  stamen,  except  when  the  staminate  flowers 
are  scattered  over  the  inside  of  an  involucre.  Filaments  distinct  or  united. 
Anthers  opening  by  longitudinal  or  transverse  valves.  Gynoecium  2-sev- 
eral-carpellary  or  1-carpellary,  superior.  Styles  or  stigmas  usually  dis- 
tinct and  cleft,  or  foliaceous.  Ovules  1,  2  or  3  in  each  cavity.  Fruit 
capsular,  sometimes  achene-like,  drupaceous  or  baccate.  Seeds  often 
carunculate. 

FAMILY  1.    EUPHOEBIACEAE.     SPURGE  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  often  with  milky  sap.  Leaves  opposite, 
whorled,  or  alternate:  blades  simple  and  entire,  toothed  or  lobed,  or  com- 
pound. Flowers  monoecious  or  dioecious,  solitary  or  variously  clustered, 
or  much  reduced  and  in  an  involucre  (Euphorbia  and  related  genera). 
Calyx  of  2-several  sepals  or  obsolete.  Corolla  of  2-several  petals  or 
wanting.  Androecium  of  few-many  stamens.  Fruit  usually  depressed 
or  slightly  elongate. 

Flowers  not  in  an  involucre :  calyx  of  several  sepals. 
Ovules  and  seeds  2  in  each  cavity. 

Stamens  5  :  corolla  present.  1.  SAVIA. 

Stamens  2  or  3  :  corolla  wanting. 


58 


EUPHOEBIACEAE. 


Monoecious  or  rarely  dioecious  :  ovary  3-celled  :  fruit 

capsular  or  baccate. 
Androecium  and  gynoecium  surrounded  by  a  disk 

at  the  base. 

Anthers  opening  horizontally  :  fruits  capsular. 
Anthers  opening  vertically  :  fruits  baccate. 
Androecium  and  gynoecium  not  surrounded  by  a 

disk  at  the  base. 

Dioecious  :  ovary  1-2-celled  :  fruit  drupaceous. 
Ovules  and  seeds  solitary  in  each  cavity. 

Flowers  either  staminate  or  pistillate  or  both  in  more 
or    less    elongated   spikes    or    racemes    (pistillate 
basal). 
Corolla    present    in    either    staminate    or    pistillate 

flowers  or  in  both. 
Stamens  5-6  :  filaments  distinct. 
Stamens  10  :  filaments  monadelphous. 
Styles  2-cleft :   petals  distinct. 
Styles  several-cleft :  petals  united  at  the  base. 
Corolla  wanting. 

Pistillate  flowers  and  capsules  pedicelled. 
Pistillate  flowers  and  capsules  sessile. 
Receptacle  with  a  central  column. 
Fruit  dry :  seeds  with  caruncles. 
Fruit  fleshy :  seeds  without  caruncles. 
Receptacle  with  3  lateral  horns. 
Flowers    either    staminate    or    pistillate,    or    both,    in 

cymes,  or  corymbs. 
Leaf-blades  peltate. 
Leaf-blades  not  peltate. 

Flowers  in  forking  cyme-like  panicles. 
Flowers  in  simple  or  branched  racemes. 
Flowers  in  involucres :  calyx  represented  by  a  scale. 

Involucre  regular  or  nearly  so,  nearly  or  quite  equilateral. 
Involucre  irregular,  very  oblique. 


2.  XYLOPHYLLA. 

3.  CICCA. 


4.  BREYKIA. 

5.  DRYPETES. 


6.  CHOTON. 


7.  GYMNANTHES. 


8.  SEBASTIAXA. 

9.  SAPIUM. 
10.  STILLINGIA. 


11.  RICINUS. 


12.  JATROPHA. 

13.  MANIHOT. 


14.  CHAMAESYCE. 

15.  PEDILAXTHUS. 


1.  SAVIA  Willd.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  alternate :  blades  thick,  entire. 
Flowers  dioecious;  the  staminate  densely  clustered,  with  5  broad  rounded  sepals 
and  5  thin  petals  broadened  upward:  stamens  5,  exserted.     Pistillate  flowers 
solitary  or  few  together,  with  5  broad  sepals  and  5  nearly  similar  petals :  ovary 
3-lobed;  styles  2-parted.    Capsule  depressed. 

1.  S.  bahamensis  Britton.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  bark  pale-gray  or  whitish: 
leaf-blades  typically  obovate,  varying  to  narrowly  obovate  or  oval-obovate,  2-5 
cm.  long,  rounded  at  the  apex,  or  rarely  retuse  or  acutish,  pale-green,  shining 
above,  glabrous,  short-petioled :  staminate  flowers  with  orbicular-ovate  sepals 
about  2  mm.  long  and  cuneate  or  flabellate  thin  petals  shorter  than  the  sepals: 
pistillate  flowers  with  suborbicular  sepals  and  petals  about  2  mm.  long:  cap- 
sules spheroidal,  5-6  mm.  long:  seeds  4-5  mm,  long. — SAVIA. 
Hammocks  and  palmlands,  lower  F.  Keys.  (W.  I.) 

2.  XYLOPHYLLA  L.      Shrubs  or  small  trees,  with  flattened  leaf-like, 
usually  distichous,  branehlets.      Leaves  minute  or  obsolete.      Flowers  borne  in 
clusters  along  the  margins  of  the  leaf -like  branchlets.     Staminate  flowers  mostly 
with  6  sepals  and  3  stamens.     Pistillate  flowers  mostly  with  6  sepals  and  a 
3-celled  ovary.     Fruit  capsular. 

1.  X.  Epiphyllanthus  (L.)  Britton.  Shrub  1-2  m.  tall:  flattened  branches 
almost  linear,  varying  to  somewhat  spatulate  or  lanceolate,  commonly  4-10  cm. 
long:  larger  sepals  of  the  staminate  flowers  1—1.5  mm.  long:  capsules  4—5  mm. 
broad. 

Hammocks  and  sandy  places  Key  West.     (W.  I.)      Not  recently  collected. 

3.  CICCA  L.      Shrubs  or  trees.      Leaf-blades  entire.      Flowers  similar  to 
those  of  Phyllanthus,  but  with  vertically  opening  anther-sacs.     Fruit  baccate.' 


EUPHOEBIACEAE.  59 

1.  0.  disticha  L.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  branchlets  spreading  or  drooping, 
glabrous:  leaves  various,  those  near  the  base  of  the  branchlets  with  subor- 
bicular  to  orbicular-ovate  blades  1.5-3  cm.  long,  those  above  them  with  larger 
ovate  to  oblong-lanceolate  blades:  larger  sepals  suborbicular  to  orbicular- 
obovate,  1.5-2  mm.  long:  berries  depressed,  1.5-2  cm.  broad. — OTAHEITE- 

GOOSEBERRY. 

Pinelands  and  roadsides,  s.  pen.  Fla.     Nat.  of  the  E.  Indies.     (W.  I.) 

4.  BBEYNIA  Forst.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  broad, 
entire.  Flowers  monoecious,  solitary  in  the  axils,  or  the  staminate  few  together. 
Staminate  flowers  with  a  turbinate  calyx-tube  and  6  minute  broad  lobes  sur- 
rounding the  minute  orifice:  stamens  erect,  united,  the  narrow  anthers  opening 
vertically.  •  Pistillate  flowers  with  a  short,  broad  calyx-tube  and  6  very  broad 
imbricated  lobes:  ovary  3-celled:  styles  very  short:  stigmas  2-lobed.  Berry 


1.  B.  nivosa  (W.  J.  Smith)  Small.  Shrub  with  irregularly  and  loosely  branched 
stems,  the  branches  dark  red:  leaves  somewhat  distichously  spreading;  blades 
oval,  varying  to  ovate  or  obovate,  green  and  white,  variegated  with  red  and 
pink:  staminate  calyx  about  3  mm.  wide,  the  lobes  very  shallow:  pistillate  calyx 
8-10  mm.  wide,  the  lobes  reniform:  capsule  9-12  mm.  broad. — SNOW-BUSH. 

Pinelands,  waste  places,  and  cultivated  grounds,  s.  pen.  Fla.     Nat.  of  the  S.  Sea 
Islands. 

5.  DRYPETES  Vahl.      Shrubs  or  trees.      Leaf -blades  entire  or  undulate- 
toothed.     Flowers  apetalous.    Staminate  flowers  in  rather  dense  clusters,  with 
4-8  sepals  and  4-16  stamens.     Pistillate  flowers  few  in  a  cluster,  with  4-8 
sepals  and  a  1-2-celled  ovary.    Fruit  a  berry  or  a  drupe. 

Sepals  4 :  gynoecium  2-carpellary :  drupe  subglobose,  less  than  15  mm.  long. 

1.  D.  lateriflora. 
Sepals  5  :  gynoecium  l-carpellary :  drupe  elongate,  over  15  mm. 

long.  2.  D.  diversifolia. 

1.  D.  lateriflora  (Sw.)  Krug  &  Urban.      Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall: 
leaf- blades  oblong  or  elliptic:  stamens  4:  drupes  9-11  mm.  in  diameter,  ripe 
in  spring  or  summer. — GUIANA-PLUM. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) — Fall-winter. 

2.  D.  diversifolia  Krug  &  Urban.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  12  m.  tall:  leaf- 
blades  long,  elliptic  or  oval:  stamens  8:   drupes  2-2.5  cm.  long,  ripe  in  fall. 
— WHITEWOOD. 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.)—  Spr. 

6.  CBOTON  L.     Shrubs  or  herbs.     Leaf-blades  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed. 
Flowers  monoecious  or  rarely  dioecious,  usually  spicate  or  racemose.    Staminate 
flowers  with  4-6,  usually  5,  sepals,  small,  often  rudimentary,  petals  alternating 
with  glands,  and  6  stamens.     Pistillate  flowers  with  5-10  sepals,  usually  no 
petals  and  a  3-celled  ovary.    Fruit  a  capsule. 

Leaf -blades  ovate  to  ovate-oblong.  1.  C.  Berlandieri. 

Leaf-blades  linear  to  narrowly  oblong. 

Leaf-blades  narrowly  linear,  glabrate  above,  yellowish-pubes- 
cent beneath.  2.  C.  linearis. 
Leaf-blades   mostly   narrowly   oblong,   stellate   above,    white- 
pubescent  beneath.                                                                                3.  C.  FergusonU. 

1.  0,  Berlandieri  Torr.  Shrub  3-8  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  ovate  to  ovate-oblong, 
2.5-3.5  cm.  long,  usually  abruptly  acute,  the  edges  slightly  repand  and  glandu- 
lar, rounded  or  subcordate  at  the  base,  tomentose  above  when  young,  pubescent 
and  paler  below:  staminate  flowers  on  slender  pedicels,  with  15-20  stamens: 


60  EUPHORBIACEAE. 

pistillate  flowers  2-6  at  base  of  raceme,  usually  short-peclicelled :   sepals  oblong- 
spatulate,  with  sessile  or  short-stipitate  marginal  glands:   styles  3,  palmately 
4-parted,  or  twice  2-parted:  capsules  globose,  4-5  mm.  high. 
Sandy  soil  or  waste  places,  Key  West.     (Cont.) 

2.  C.  linearis  Jacq.     Shrub  6-20  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  narrowly  linear,  4-7  cm. 
long,    obtuse,    dark-green    and    smooth    above,    yellowish-pubescent    beneath: 
racemes  4-8  cm.  long  or  longer:   sepals  5-6,  triangular:   petals  spatulate,  sur- 
passing the  sepals,  obtuse,  ciliate :  stamens  about  15 :  pistillate  racemes  4-5  cm. 
long,  frequently  exceeded  by  the  leaves:    sepals  narrow,  acuminate:    capsules 
subglobose,    5    mm.    high,   yellowish-floccose :    seeds    broadly   oblong,    about    3 
mm.  long. 

Pinelands  and  coastal  sand-dunes,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (IF.  /.) 

3.  C.  Fergusonii  Small.     Shrub  4-12  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  narrowly  oblong  to 
broadly  linear,  3-6  cm.  long,  blunt,  entire,  white-pubescent  beneath,  the  upper 
surface  channeled  and  green  but  minutely  stellate:   staminate  flowers  12-25  in 
stout  interrupted  racemes  3-5  em.  long:  sepals  deltoid,  acute:  petals  spatulate, 
2.5-3   mm.   long,   surpassing  the   sepals,  ciliate:    stamens   about   15:    pistillate 
flowers  about  6,  in  racemes  2-3  cm.  long:   capsules  subglobose,  about  5  mm. 
long:  seeds  3.5-4  mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys. 

7.  GYMNANTHES  Sw.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  entire  or  toothed. 
Flowers,  monoecious  or  rarely  dioecious,  apetalous.     Staminate  flowers  with  a 
rudimentary  or  obsolete  calyx  and  2  or  3  stamens.     Pistillate  flowers  with  a 
rudimentary  calyx  and  a  3-celled  ovary.    Fruit  a  capsule. 

1.  G.  lucida  Sw.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall:   leaf -blades  cuneate  to 
oblong- spatulate,    or    nearly    oblong,    4-10    cm.    long,    undulate    or    obscurely 
toothed  near  the  apex:    spikes  shorter  than  the  leaves:    capsules   depressed, 
about  1  cm.  wide:  seeds  ovoid,  6-8  mm.  long. — CRABWOOD. 
Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) — Fall. 

8.  SEBASTIANA    Muell.    Arg.      Shrubs    or    rarely    herbs.      Leaf-blades 
entire  or  barely  smoothed.     Flowers  monoecious,  apetalous.     Staminate  flowers 
with  a  calyx  of  3-5  sepals  and  2  or  3,  or  rarely  4,  stamens.     Pistillate  flowers 
with  3  sepals  and  a  3-celled  ovary.    Fruit  a  dry  capsule. 

1.  S.  ligustrina  (Michx.)  Muell.  Arg.  Shrub  1-4  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  oblong, 
elliptic  or  oval,  3-8  em.  long:  spikes  shorter  than  the  leaves:  capsules  depressed, 
nearly  1  cm.  broad:  seeds  subglobose,  about  4  mm.  long. 

Swamps  and  river-banks,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.)—  Spr. 

9.  SAPIUM  P.  Br.      Shrubs  or  trees.      Leaf-blades  entire  or   sparingly 
row.     Flowers  monoecious,  in  narrow  spike-like  panicles,  apetalous.     Staminate 
flowers  with  2  or  3  sepals  and  2  or  3  stamens.     Pistillate  flowers  with  2  or  3 
sepals  and  a  2-  or  3-celled  ovary.    Fruit  a  dry  capsule. 

1.  S.  glandulosum  (L.)  Morong.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  resembling  a  willow: 
leaf -blades  acute,  16  cm.  long,  serrulate,  short-petioled :  capsules  about  1  cm. 
broad :  seeds  6-7  mm.  long. — MILK-TREE. 

Roadsides  and  waste  places,  w.  Fla.     Nat.  of  S.  Am.     (W.  I.) — Spr. 

10.  STILLINGIA    Garden.      Shrubs    or    herbs.      Leaf-blades    entire    or 
toothed.     Flowers  monoecious,  apetalous.     Staminate  flowers  with  2  or  3  sepals 
and  2  or  3  stamens.    Pistillate  flowers  with  3  sepals  and  a  2-  or  3-celled  ovary. 
Fruit  a  capsule. — QUEEN 'S-DELIGHT.     QUEEN-ROOT. 


EUPHORBIACEAE.  61 

Spikes  yellow ;  glands  smaller  than  the  bracts :  seeds  coarsely  reticulate. 

1.  8.  aquatica. 
Spikes  red ;  glands  as  large  as  the  bracts  or  larger :  seeds  finely 

reticulate.  2.  S.  tenuis. 

1.  S.  aquatica  Chapm.     Plants  6-2.0  dm.  tall,  with  stout  stems  or  branches: 
blades  of  the  upper  leaves  linear  to  linear-oblong,  serrulate :  spikes  stout,  mainly 
yellow:  capsules  about  10  mm.  wide. 

Swamps  and  wet  pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  S.  tenuis  Small.     Plants  3-12  dm.  tall,  with  slender  stems  not  umbellately 
branched  at  the  top:   blades  of  the  upper  leaves  narrowly  linear,  crenulate: 
spikes  slender,  mainly  red:  capsules  about  7  mm.  wide. 

Everglades  about  the  E.  Keys.     (Endemic.) 

11.  EICINUS  [Tourn.]   L.     Herbs,  shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  peltate, 
palmately  lobed.     Flowers  monoecious,  apetalous.     Staminate  flowers  with  3-5 
sepals  and  numerous  stamens.     Pistillate  flowers  with  caducous  sepals  and  a 
3-celled  ovary.    Fruit  a  capsule. 

1.  R.  communis  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  1-5  m.  tall,  the  stem  widely  branched : 
leaf -blades  nearly  orbicular,  6-11-lobed:  capsules  12-16  mm.  in  diameter. — 
CASTOR-OIL  PLANT.  PALMA-CHRISTI. 

Waste  places,  fields,  and  hammocks,  nearly  throughout  Fla.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

12.  JATBOPHA  L.    Partially  woody  plants  or  herbs.     Leaf -blades  angled 
or  lobed.     Flowers  monoecious,  petaliferous.     Staminate  flowers  with  5  sepals, 
5  small  petals,  and  10  stamens.     Pistillate  flowers  with  a  mainly  2-3-celled 
ovary.    Fruit  a  capsule. 

Leaf-blades  3-5-lobed ;  lobes  toothed,  glandular-ciliate  :  inflorescence  pubescent. 

1.  J.  gossypiifolia. 

Leaf-blades  9-11-lobed ;  lobes  incised,  eciliate :  inflorescence  gla- 
brous. 2.  J.  multiflda. 

1.  J.  gossypiifolia  L.     Shrub  5-11  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  palmately  3-5-lobed, 
8-15    cm.    wide,    the    lobes    broad,    shallowly    toothed    and    glandular-eiliate : 
cymules   paniculate:    petals   scarcely   twice    as    long   as   the    sepals:    capsules 
globular-oblong,  about  1  cm.  long,  slightly  warty:  seeds  7-8  mm.  long. 

Roadsides  and  cultivated  grounds,  Key  West.     Nat.  of  the  tropics.     (W.  I.) 

2.  J.  multifida  L.     Shrub  9-20   dm.   tall:    leaf -blades  palmately   9-11-lobed, 
mostly  10-20  cm.  wide,  the  lobes  narrow,  entire  or  incised,  not  eiliate:  cymules 
corymbose:  petals  thrice  as  long  as  the  sepals:  capsules  globose-obovoid,  2.5-3 
cm.  long,  smooth:  seeds  18-25  mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys.     Nat.  of  Trop.  Am.     (W.  I.) 

13.  MANIHOT  Adans.     Shrubs  or  herbs.    Leaf -blades  entire,  or  palmately 
lobed  or  parted.     Flowers  monoecious,  apetalous.     Staminate  flowers  with  5 
sepals  and  10  stamens.     Pistillate  flowers  often  smaller  than  the  staminate, 
with  a  3-celled  ovary.    Fruit  a  capsule. 

1.  M.  Manihot  (L.)  Karst.  Plants  9-16  dm.  tall:  leaf-blades  3-7-parted:  cap- 
sules with  crenate-undulate  wings. — CASSAVA. 

Cultivated  grounds  and  pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.    Nat.  of  S.  Am.  (W.  I.) 

14.  CHAMAESYCE  S.  F.  Gray.     Annual  or  perennial  herbs  or  shrubs. 
Leaves  opposite:  blades  oblique  at  the  base.    Involucres  axillary  or  in  axillary 
cymes,  each  with  4  naked  or  appendaged  glands,  one  sinus  being  glandless. 
Capsules  smooth,  sometimes  pubescent.     Seeds  smooth  or  transverse- wrinkled. 

— SPURGE. 


62  EUPHOEBIACEAE. 

Appendages  of  the  involucral  glands  obsolete  :  ovary,  and  capsule,  pubescent. 

1.  C.  adicioides. 
Appendages  of  the  Involucral  glands  present :  ovary,  and  capsule, 

glabrous.  2.   C.  buxifolia. 

1.  C.  adicioides  Small.     Shrub  mostly  less  than  0.5  m.  tall,  finely  pubescent 
with  pale  hairs,  rather  copiously  branched  above,  zigzag:   leaves  numerous; 
blades  ovate  to  oval,  2-3  mm.  long,  acute  or  acutish,  entire,  short-petioled : 
involucres  campanulate,  barely  1  mm.  high,  longer  than  the  peduncles,  minutely 
pubescent,  deciduous:  glands  about  0.4  mm.  broad:  appendages  obsolete:  cap- 
sules pubescent,  less  than  1  mm.  long. 

Sandy  shores  or  hammocks,  F.  Keys.      (Enricnii  •. ) 

2.  C.  buxifolia   (Lam.)   Small.     Shrub  1  m.  tall  or  less,  glabrous,  branching, 
often  purple,  with  long  or  short  internodes:  leaf -blades  ovate  to  broadly  oblong 
or  cuneate  near  the  base  of  the  stem,  rather  fleshy,  8-12  mm.  long,  obtuse  or 
acutish,  involute,  rounded  or  subcordate,  nearly  sessile:   involucres  campanu- 
late, about  1.5  mm.  high,  as  long  as  the  peduncles  or  shorter:   glands  trans- 
versely oblong,  0.5  mm.  broad:  appendages  whitish:  capsules  2.5-3  mm.  broad, 
glabrous. 

Coastal  sand-dunes  and  beaches,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

15.  PEDILAHTHUS  Neck.  Shrubs  with  fleshy  branches.  Leaves  succu- 
lent: blades  flat,  entire  or  undulate-crisped.  Involucres  borne  in  dichotomous, 
often  contracted  cymes,  oblique  and  strongly  2-lipped,  the  lower  lip  much 
larger  than  the  upper.  Capsule  3-lobed,  the  carpels  often  keeled  or  horned. 

1.  P.  tithymaloides  (L.)  Poit.  Plants  3-16  dm.  tall  or  more,  the  stem  and 
branches  sometimes  zigzag:  leaves  spreading;  blades  ovate  to  ovate-lanceo- 
late, 4-11  cm.  long:  involucres  12-14  mm.  long,  mainly  red,  the  two  terminal 
lobes  broadly  ovate,  ciliolate:  stamens  and  style  exserted:  capsules  6-7  mm. 
long:  seeds  3-3.5  mm.  long. — JEW-BUSH.  RED-BIRD  FLOWER. 

Hammocks  and  plnelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     Nat.  of  Trop.  Am. 

Order  SAPINDALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  various:  blades  simple  and  entire  or  toothed 
or  compound.  Calyx  of  distinct  sepals.  Corolla  of  distinct  petals,  regu- 
lar or  rarely  irregular,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as 
there  are  petals,  or  of  twice  as  many,  or  rarely  of  more,  or  fewer.  Fila- 
ments distinct.  Gynoecium  a  single  carpel,  or  of  several  united  carpels. 
Ovary  superior.  Ovules  1  or  2,  or  several,  in  each  cavity  of  the  ovary, 
pendulous,  with  the  raphe  away  from  the  axis  of  the  ovary,  or  erect  or 
ascending.  Fruit  various. 

Stigmas  tufted  or  many-cleft.  Fam.  1.   EMPETRACEAE. 

Stigmas  entire. 

Plants  with  resin-bearing  tissues.  Fam.  2.   SPOXDIACEAE. 

Plants  not  resin-bearing. 

Leaf-blades  simple,  pinnately  veined. 

Each  cavity  of  the  ovary  with  a  single  ovule. 

Flowers  in  racemes  :  fruit  capsular  or  leathery.   Fam.  3.  CYBILLACEAE. 
Flowers  not  racemose :  fruit  a  drupe.  Fam.  4.  AQTJIFOLIACEAE. 

Each  cavity  of  the  ovary  with  2  or  more  ovules. 
Corolla  present :  flower  with  a  disk. 

Seeds  arilled  :  anthers  introrse.  Fam.  5.  CELASTHACEAE. 

•Seeds  not  arilled  :  anthers  extrorse.  Fam.  6.   HIPPOCRATACEAE. 

Corolla  wanting :  flowers  without  a  disk,  or 

this  obsolete.  Fam.  7.  DODOXAEACEAE. 

Leaf-blades  simple  and  palmately  veined  or  com- 
pound. 

Leaves  opposite.  Fam.  8.  AESCULACEAE. 

Leaves  alternate.  Fam.  9.  SAPINDACEAE. 


SPONDIACEAE.  63 

FAMILY  1.    EMPETRACEAE.     CROW-BERRY  FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  mostly  resembling  heaths.  Leaves  alternate  or  whorled,  some- 
times numerous  and  crowded.  Flowers  dioecious  or  rarely  polygamous. 
Calyx  of  2  or  3  sepals.  Corolla  of  2  or  3  petals,  or  wanting.  Androe- 
cium  of  2-4,  mostly  3  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  2— several  united^  carpels. 

1.  CEBATIOLA  Michx.  Evergreen  shrubs.  Leaf-blades  narrow,  revo- 
lute  and  thus  almost  tubular.  Flowers  2  or  3  in  an  axil.  Sepals  2.  Petals 
2.  Stamens  2.  Ovary  2-celled.  Drupe  with  2  nutlets. 

1.  C.  ericoides  Michx.  Shrub  3-15  dm.  tall:  leaves  crowded  and  spreading, 
8-12  mm.  long:  sepals  about  1  mm.  long:  stamens  exserted:  drupes  subglo- 
bose,  4-6  mm.  in  diameter,  yellow. 

Pinelands  and  inland  sand-dunes,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys. 
(Cont.) 

FAMILY  2.  SPONDIACEAE,  SUMAC  FAMILY. 
Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines,  with  milky,  resinous,  often  acid  or  caustic  sap. 
Leaves  alternate:  blades  simple  or  pinnately  compound.  Flowers  monoe- 
cious, dioecious,  or  polygamous.  Calyx  of  3-5  sepals.  Corolla  of  3-5 
petals,  larger  than  the  sepals.  Androecium  of  3-6,  or  rarely  more,  stamens. 
Gynoecium  of  1,  or  of  3-5,  more  or  less  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  drupe  or 
a  berry. 

Drupe  somewhat  elongate,  the  coats  permanently  united.  1.  METOPIUM. 

Drupe  depressed,  the  coats  ultimately  separating. 

Drupe  with  a  glabrous  outer  coat :  stone  ribbed.  2.  TOXICODENDRON. 

Drupe  with  a  pubescent  outer  coat :  stone  smooth. 

Flowers  polygamous,  in  terminal  thyrsoid  panicles  ap- 
pearing after  the  leaves.  3.  RHUS. 
Flowers    polygamo-dioecious,    in   solitary    or    clustered 

spikes  in  the  axils  before  the  leaves.  4.  SCHMALTZIA. 

1.  METOPIUM  P.  Br.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  pinnate.     Flowers 
dioecious,  in  open  panicles.     Sepals  5.     Petals  5.     Ovary  equilateral.     Styles 
united:  stigma  3-lobed.     Drupe  not  oblique. 

1.  M.  toxiferum  (L.)  Krug.  &  Urban.  Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  14  m.  tall, 
with  a  very  poisonous  sap:  leaflets  3-7;  blades  leathery,  ovate,  3-9  cm.  long: 
panicles  1-2  dm.  long :  sepals  renif orm  or  suborbicular :  petals  oblong  to  ovate : 
drupes  10-15  mm.  long. — POISONWOOD.  DOCTOR-GUM. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys,  and  on  coastal  sand-dunes  at 
the  lower  end  of  the  pen.  (W.  I.) — Spr.  or  all  year. 

2.  TOXICODENDRON    [Tourn.]    Mill.       Shrubs,    trees,    or    vines,    with 
poisonous    sap.      Leaf-blades    pinnately    compound.      Flowers    polygamous    or 
dioecious,  in  rather  dense  panicles.    Sepals  4-6.    Petals  4-6.    Ovary  glabrous. 
Styles    short.      Drupe    mostly    glabrous,    the    sarcocarp    wax-secreting.      Seed 
ribbed. 

Leaf-blades  3-foliolate :  vines  or  low  shrubs  :  panicles  of  fruits  spreading. 
Stems  climbing :  blades  of  the  leaflets  coarsely  toothed  or 

entire.  1.  T.  radicans. 

Stems  erect :  blades  of  the  leaflets  lobed.  2.  T.  Toxlcodendron. 

Leaf-blades  7-11-foliolate :  tall  shrub  or  tree :  panicles  of  fruits 

drooping.  3.   T.  Vernlx. 

1.  T.  radicans  (L.)  Kuntze.  Stems  climbing:  blades  of  the  leaflets  membranous, 
ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  3-20  cm.  long:  sepals  ovate,  1  mm.  long:  petals 
oblong  to  oblong-ovate,  3-4  mm.  long:  drupes  3-6  mm.  in  diameter. — POISON- 
IVY.  POISON-OAK. 


(Cont 


Woods,  thickets,  pinelands.  hammocks,  and  fence-rows,  nearly  throughout  Fla. 
t.,W.I.) — Spr. — Includes  the  forms  described  as  Rhus  liodyettii  and  R.  floritiana. 


64  CYEILLACEAE. 

2.  T.    Toxicodendron    (L.)    Brittpn.     Shrub,   with    densely   pubescent   twigs: 
blades  of  the  leaflets  ovate  in  outline  or  rarely  obovate,  4-12  cm.  long,  coarsely 
crenate-lobed :    panicles  densely  flowered:    petals   oblong-lanceolate,  about  2.5 
mm.  long:  drupes  depressed-globose. — POISON-OAK. 

Pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

3.  T.  Vernlx  (L.)  Kuntze.     Shrub  or  small  tree:  blades  of  the  lateral  leaflets 
oblong,  elliptic,  or  oval,  4-15  cm.  long,  undulate:  petals  linear-oblong,  about 
2  mm.  long:    drupes  subglobose,  about  5  mm.   broad,   in   drooping  panicles. 
— POISON-SUMAC.    THUNDERWOOD. 

Swamps,  n.  Fla.      (Cont.) — Spr. 

3.  RHUS  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf -blades  pinnately  compound,  several- 
foliolate.    Flowers  polygamous  or  dioecious,  borne  in  terminal  usually  compact 
panicles.     Sepals  commonly  5.     Petals  commonly  5.     Ovary  pubescent.     Style 
short.    Drupe  pubescent.     Seed  smooth  and  even.  —  Spr. 

Bark  of  the  trunk  gray,  dull :  petals  about  2.5  mm.  long :  anthers  broadly  oblong, 

scarcely  1  mm.  long. 
Blades  of  the  leaflets  acuminate,  and  usually  acute :  leaf-rachis 

broadly  winged.  1.  R.  copallina. 

Blades  of  the  leaflets  obtuse  :  leaf-rachis  narrowly  winged.  2.  R.  ootusifolia. 

Bark  of  the  trunk  red,  shining :  petals  about  3  mm.  long :  anthers 

linear-oblong,  fully  1  mm.  long.  3.  R.  leucantha. 

1.  B.  copallina  L.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall,  the  bark  thick,  hard, 
scaly:  leaflets  9-21;  blades  oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate  or  sometimes  oval,  3-10 
cm.  long:  stone  of  the  drupe  2.5-3  mm.  long. — DWARF-SUMAC. 

Open  woods  and  thickets,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  B.  obtusifolia  Small.     Shrub:  leaflets  17-21;  blades  ovate  to  oblong,  2-5 
cm.  long:  petals  about  2.5  mm.  long:  stone  of  the  drupe  3.5-4  mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  pen.     (Cont.) 

3.  B.  leucantha  Jacq.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  9  m.  tall,  the  bark  thin,  soft, 
smooth,  peeling:   leaflets  15-33;   blades  narrowly  oblong  to  linear-lanceolate, 
3-9  cm.  long:  stone  of  the  drupe  about  3  mm.  long. — SOUTHERN-SUMAC. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys.     (  H".  /.) 

4.  SCHMALTZIA  Desv.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  pinnately  com- 
pound, usually  3-foliolate.     Flowers  polygamous   or   dioecious,   in  ament-like 
racemes  or  panicles.     Sepals  commonly  5.     Petals  commonly  5.     Ovary  pubes- 
cent:  styles  short.     Drupe  pubescent,  the  sarcocarp  not  wax-secreting.     Seed 
smooth  and  even. — SUMAC. 

1.  S.  crenata  (Mill.)   Greene.     Shrub  with  diffuse  stems,  1-2.5  m.  tall:  leaf- 
lets 3;  blade  of  the  terminal  one  mostly  ovate  or  obovate:   flowers  yellow: 
drupes  7-8  mm.  in  diameter.     [S.  aromatica  (Ait.)  Desv.] — FRAGRANT-SUMAC. 
Dry  open  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  3.     CYRILLACEAE.     TITI  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  simple,  entire.  Flowers 
perfect,  racemose.  Calyx  of  mostly  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  mostly  5  petals. 
Androecium  of  5-10  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  2-5  united  carpels.  Fruit 
dehiscent  or  indehiscent. 

Racemes  lateral :  sepals  5,  equal :  petals  contorted,  acute  :  stamens  5  :  ovary  2-celled  : 

ovules  2-3 :  fruit  dehiscent,  not  winged.  1.  CTRILLA. 

Racemes  terminal :   sepals  5-8,  unequal :   petals  imbricated,   obtuse : 

stamens  10 :  ovary  3-4-celled :  ovule  1 :  fruit  indehiscent,  winged.  2.  CLIFTONIA. 


AQUIFOLIACEAE.  65 

1.  CYBILLA   Garden.     Shrubs  or   trees,   with  pale   close   bark.     Sepals 
nearly  equal.    Petals  clawless.    Stamens  equal:  filaments  winged.    Style  short. 
Fruit  erect  or  ascending. — Spr.^lRONWooo.    RED-TITI.    WHITE-TITI. 

Capsule  ovoid,  about  2.5  mm.  long :  larger  leaves  5-10  cm.  long.  1.  C.  racemiflora. 

Capsule  subglobose,  2  mm.  long  or  less  :  larger  leaves  1-4  cm.  long.      2.  C.  parvifolia. 

1.  C.  racemiflora  L.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  oblanceo- 
late  to  obovate  or  nearly  oblong,  2-10  cm.  long:   racemes  mostly  over  8  cm. 
long:   sepals  acuminate:   petals  2.5-3  mm.  long:   filaments  over  2  mm.  long: 
capsules  ovoid,  about  2.5  mm.  long. — LEATHERWOOD.     TITI.     HE-HUCKLEBERRY. 
MYRTLE. 

Swamps  and  ponds  in  pinelands,  n.  Fla.      (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

2.  C.  parvifolia  Eaf.    Low  shrub:  leaf -blades  oblanceolate  to  linear-oblanceolate, 
1-4  cm.  long:  racemes  mostly  less  than  8  cm.  long:  sepals  acute:  petals  1.5-2 
mm.  long:   filaments  less  than  1.5  mm.  long. — TITI. 

Swamps  and  along  streams,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  CLIFTONIA  Gaertn.     Shrubs  or  trees,  with  dark  scaly  bark.     Sepals 
unequal.      Petals    clawed.      Stamens    unequal:    filaments    appendaged    below. 
Style  wanting.     Fruit  drooping. 

1.  O.  monophylla  (Lam.)  Britton.  Shrub,  or  small  tree  becoming  8  m.  tall: 
leaf-blades  narrowly  elliptic  to  elliptic-oblanceolate,  4-6  cm.  long:  racemes 
2-6  cm.  long:  petals  3-3.5  mm.  long:  fruit  ovoid,  6-7  mm.  long. — TlTI. 
BLACK-TITI.  IRONWOOD. 

Pineland-swamps  and  bays,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Winter-spr. 

FAMILY  4.    AQUIFOLIACEAE.    HOLLY  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  simple.  Flowers  perfect  or 
polygamous.  Calyx  of  4-6  persistent  sepals.  Corolla  of  4—6  petals,  often 
united  at  the  base.  Androecium  of  4-6  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  4-8 
united  carpels.  Fruit  drupaceous. 

1.  ILEX  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  mostly  persistent:  blades  entire  or 
toothed.  Flowers  sometimes  nearly  dioecious.  Sepals  persistent.  Corolla 
deciduous.  Drupe  with  4-8  nutlets. 

Fruits  with  smooth  nutlets. 

Berries  black  :  leaves  persistent ;  blades  leathery. 

Leaves  with  blades  of  an  obovate  or  spatulate  type  prevailing;  petioles  rela- 
tively short  and  stout. 
Leaf-blades   shallowly    crenate   near   the   apex,   not   spine-tipped :    drupes 

mostly  less  than  6  mm.  in  diameter.  1.  /.  glabra. 

Leaf-blades   spinescent-toothed,   or  spine-tipped :   drupes 

mostly  over  6  mm.  in  diameter.  2.  /.  coriacea. 

Leaves  with  blades  of  an  ovate  type  prevailing;   petioles 

relatively  long  and  slender.  3.  /.  Krugiana. 

Berries  red  or  scarlet :  leaves  deciduous ;  blades  herbaceous.          4.  /.  vertlciUata. 
Fruits  with  ribbed  nutlets. 

Leaves  deciduous :  blades  herbaceous. 

Leaf-blades  broadest  above  the  middle,  blunt-toothed  :  drupes 

nearly  sessile.  5.  /.  decidua. 

Leaf-blades  not  broadest  above  the  middle,  sharp-toothed : 

drupes  decidedly  pedicelled.  6.  /.  caroliniana. 

Leaves  persistent :  blades  leathery. 

Leaf-blades  entire  or  with  a  few  appressed  teeth  near  the 

apex. 

Leaf-blades  linear,  1-4  cm.  long.  7.  /.  myrtifolia. 

Leaf-blades   oblong  or  oblanceolate,  4-10   cm.   long.  8.  /.  Cassine. 

Leaf-blades  toothed.  9.  /.  vomitoria. 

Shrubs  of  Florida — 5. 


66  AQUIFOLIACEAE. 

1.  I.    glabra    (L.)    A.    Gray.     Shrub   0.5-1.5   m.   tall   with   velvety-pubescent 
twigs:  leaf -blades  obovate,  oblanceolate,  elliptic,  or  oval,  or  rarely  ovate,  1-5 
cm.  long,  acute  or  obtuse,  entire  or  distantly  serrate  above  the  middle,  deep- 
green  and  lustrous  above,  short-petioled:   staminate  calyx  fully  3  mm.  wide: 
staminate  corolla  about  7  mm.  wide:  drupes  4-6  mm.  in  diameter,  shorter  than 
the  stalks. — INK-BERRY.     EVERGREEN-WINTERBERRY.     GALLBERRY. 

Low  sandy  soil  and  swamps,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

2.  I.  coriacea    (Pursh)    Chapm.     Shrub   1-3  m.  tall,  glabrous  or  nearly  so: 
leaf -blades  obovate,  oblong,  oblong-oblanceolate,  elliptic,  or  oval,  2-9  cm.  long, 
acute  or  usually  short-acuminate,  entire   or  with  appressed   spinescent  teeth 
above   the  middle,   dark-green  and  lustrous  above,   short-petioled:    staminate 
calyx  3.5-4  mm.  wide:  staminate  corolla  5.5-7  mm.  wide:  drupes  globose,  6-8 
mm.  in  diameter,  black,  shining. — LARGE-GALLBERRY. 

Swamps,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.   (Cont. ) — Spr. 

3.  I.  Krugiana  Loesener.     Shrub,  or  tree  11  m.  tall,  with  glabrous  twigs :  leaf - 
blades   oblong,   elliptic,   or   ovate,   4-7.5    cm.   long,   acuminate,   mostly   entire, 
deep-green  and  lustrous  above,  slender-petioled :  staminate  calyx  about  3  mm. 
wide:  staminate  corolla  5-5.5  mm.  wide:  drupes  5.5-6.5  mm.  in  diameter,  about 
as  long  as  the  stalk. — KRUG 'S-HOLLY. 

Hammocks  and  plnelands,  E.  Keys.     (W.  I.) — All  year. 

4.  I.  verticillata  (L.)  A.  Gray.    Shrub,  or  small  tree  sometimes  7  m.  tall,  with 
glabrous  or   slightly  pubescent   twigs:    leaf -blades   thickish,   elliptic   or   oval, 
varying  to  ovate  or  obovate,  2-8  cm.  long,  acute  or  acuminate  at  both  ends, 
more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  often  strongly  reticulate,  serrate:   staminate 
calyx  about  2.5  mm.  wide:  staminate  corolla  6-7  mm.  wide:  drupes  6-8  mm.  in 
diameter,  red. — BLACK-ALDER.     WINTERBERRY.     FEVER-BUSH. 

Swamps  and  low  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr.-sum. 

5.  I.  decidua  Walt.     Shrub,  or  small  tree  10  m.  tall,  the  twigs  glabrous  or 
nearly  so:  leaf-blades  thickish,  mainly  spatulate,  oblanceolate,  or  elliptic,  2-6 
cm.  long,  obtuse  or  retuse  at  the  apex,  crenate-serrate,  dark-green  and  glabrous 
above,  paler  and  usually  pubescent  beneath:  staminate  calyx  2.5-3  mm.  wide: 
staminate  corolla  4.5-6  mm.  wide :  drupes  globose,  7-9  mm.  in  diameter,  orange 
or  nearly  scarlet. — DECIDUOUS-HOLLY.     BEAR-BERRY. 

Swamps  and  stream-banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

6.  I.  caroliniana  (Walt.)  Trelase.     Shrub,  or  small  tree  rarely  6  m.  tall,  with 
glabrous  or  nearly  glabrous  twigs:   leaf -blades  thin,  broadly  oval  varying  to 
ovate  or  obovate,  4-7  cm.  long,  acute  or  short-acuminate,  serrate  at  least  above 
the  middle  with  appressed  bristle-tipped  teeth,  glabrous  or  nearly  so:   stami- 
nate calyx  2-2.5  mm.  wide:  staminate  corolla  4-5  mm.  wide:  drupes  globose- 
oblong,  6-7  mm.  in  diameter. — CAROLINA-HOLLY. 

Margins  of  swamps,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

7.  I.  myrtifolia  Walt.     Shrub  or  small  tree,  with  very  rigid  branches:   leaf- 
blades  leathery,  narrowly  oblong  or  linear,  or  broader  on  shoots  1-4  cm.  long, 
apiculate,  more   or  less   revolute,   dark-green   and   glabrous   above,   pale   and 
usually  glabrous  beneath,  short-petioled:   calyx  1-1.5  mm.  broad:   corolla  4-5 
mm.  broad:   drupes  globose,  about  6  mm.  in  diameter,  red. — MYRTLE-LEAVED 

HOLLY. 

About  pineland-ponds  and  cypress-swamps,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

8.  I.  Cassine  L.     Shrub,  or  small  tree  12  m.  tall,  with  usually  pubescent  twigs: 
leaf-blades  leathery,  oblanceolate  or  oblong,  or  rarely  obovate,  4-10  cm.  long, 
obtuse,  acute,  or  rarely  retuse  at  the  apex,  more  or  less  revolute,  dark-green 
and  glabrous  above,  pale  and  more  or  less  pubescent  beneath,  or  sometimes 
glabrous,  rather  slender-petioled:   calyx  1.5-2  mm.  broad:   corolla  4-4.5  mm. 


CELASTEACEAE.  67 

broad:  drupes  globose,  6-8  mm.  in  diameter,  red  or  sometimes  nearly  yellow. — 
DAHOON.  YAUPON. 

Swamp-margins  and  hammocks,  nearly  throughout  n.  Fla.  and  the  pen.      (Cont., 
W.  I.) — Spr.  or  all  year. 

9.  I.  vomitoria  Ait.  Shrub,  or  small  tree  8  m.  tall,  leaf -blades  leathery,  oblong, 
oval,  or  elliptic,  sometimes  oblong-lanceolate  on  shoots,  1-2.5  cm.  long,  obtuse, 
crenate-serrate,  deep-green  and  lustrous  above,  pale-green  beneath:  calyx  2 
mm.  broad :  corolla  5-5.5  mm.  broad :  drupes  globose,  red,  5-6  mm.  in  diameter, 
longer  than  their  pedicels. — CASSENA.  YAUPON. 

Swamp-margins  and  sand-ridges,  especially  near  the  coast,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper 
pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  5.     CELASTRACEAE.     STAFF-TREE  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate,  opposite,  or  whorled: 
blades  simple.  Flowers  perfect,  polygamous  or  dioecious,  variously  borne. 
Calyx  of  3-5  sepals.  Corolla  of  3-5  petals.  Androecium  of  3-5  stamens 
borne  on  or  under  the  disk.  Gynoecium  of  3-6  united  carpels.  Fruit  a 
capsule,  a  drupe,  or  a  berry.  Seed  often  arillate. 
Fruits  capsular,  dehiscent. 

Leaves  opposite :  fruit-clusters  drooping :  capsules  depressed  at  the  apex. 

1.  EUONYMUS. 

Leaves  alternate  :  fruit-clusters  not  drooping :  capsules  pointed.     2.  MAYTENUS. 
Fruits  drupaceous ;  indehiscent. 

Flowers  perfect :  ovary  4-celled :  fruits  oblique.  3.  RHACOMA. 

Flowers  dioecious  :  ovary  2-celled  :  fruits  not  oblique. 

Leaves   opposite :    flower-clusters   peduncled :    calyx   decidu- 
ous :  drupe  not  lobed.  4.  GYMINDA. 
Leaves  alternate :  flower-clusters  sessile :  calyx  persistent : 

drupe  lobed.  5.  SCHAEFFERIA. 

1.  EUONYMUS    [Tourn.]    L.     Shrubs,   trees,    or    rarely   vines.  Leaves 
opposite:  entire  or  toothed.     Flowers  perfect.     Sepals  4  or  5.    Petals  4  or  5. 
Stamens  4  or  5,  borne  on  the  lobes  of  the  disk:  filaments  very  short:  anther- 
sacs  diverging.     Stigmas  3-5.     STRAWBERRY-BUSH. 

1.  E.  atropurpureus  Jacq.    Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  8  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  5-16 
cm.  long,  serrate:  petals  dark-purple,  orbicular-ovate  or  suborbicular,  2-4  mm. 
long:  capsules  depressed:  seeds  8-10  mm.  long. — BURNING-BUSH. 
River-banks,  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

2.  MAYTENUS  Molina.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  alternate,  persistent: 
blades  leathery,  entire  or  toothed.     Flowers  polygamous  or  dioecious,  solitary 
or    clustered.      Sepals    5.      Petals    5.      Stamens    5,    borne    beneath    the    disk. 
Capsules  erect. 

1.  M.   phyllanthoides  Benth.     Shrub   or   small   tree:    leaf -blades   obovate   to 
oblong-oblanceolate,  2-4  cm.  long:  hypanthium  broadly  turbinate:   corolla  2-3 
mm.  broad:  capsules  obovoid,  8-12  mm.  in  diameter,  red. — MAYTENUS. 
Hammocks,  lower  eastern  coast  of  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

3.  BHACOMA  L.     Shrubs  or  small  trees.     Leaves  alternate,  opposite,  or 
whorled,  persistent:  blades  entire  or  toothed.     Flowers  perfect,  few  together 
or  solitary  in  axillary  peduncled  cymes.    Sepals  4  or  5.    Petals  4  or  5.    Stamens 
4  or  5,  borne  between  the  lobes  of  the  disk.     Drupe  smooth. 

Leaf-blades  crenate  or  entire:  cymes  long-stalked  (10-15  mm.).  1.  R.  Crnmtopetalum. 
Leaf-blades  spiny  toothed:  cymes  short-stalked  (3-5  mm.).  2.  R.  ilicifolia. 

1.  E.  Crossopetalum  L.  Erect  shrub  or  tree,  with  glabrous  twigs:  leaf -blades 
obovate  or  rarely  somewhat  elliptic,  1-4  cm.  long,  shallowly  crenate  or  entire: 


68  DODONAEACEAE. 

cymes  long-peduncled :  petals  oval  or  orbicular,  1  mm.  long  or  less:  drupes 
obovoid,  5-6  mm.  long,  red. — EHACOMA. 

Hammocks,  lower  eastern  coast  of  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (ir.  I.) 
2.  R.  ilicifolia  (Poir.)  Trelease.     Depressed  shrub  with  pubescent  twigs:  leaf- 
blades  oval  or  ovate,  10-15  mm.  long,  coarsely  spiny  toothed:   cymes  short- 
peduncled:  petals  suborbicular,  less  than  1  mm.  long:   drupes  subglobose,  3-4 
mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

4.  GYMINDA  Sarg.     Shrubs  or  trees,  the  twigs  4-angled.     Leaves  oppo- 
site, persistent:    blades  mostly  entire.     Flowers  dioecious,  in   axillary  cymes. 
Sepals  4,  or  rarely  3.    Petals  4,  or  rarely  3.    Stamens  4,  borne  without  a  disk. 
Stigmas  disk-like.    Drupe  smooth. 

1.  G.  latifolia    (Sw.)    Urban.     Shrub   or   small  tree:    leaf -blades   obovate   to 
elliptic-obovate,  2-4  cm.  long,  bright-green   (or  glaucous  above  in  G.  latifolia 
glaucifolia)  :  petals  oblong  to  obovate-oblong,  1.5-2  mm.  long:  drupes  oblong 
to  ovoid,  7-8  mm.  long,  bluish-black. — FALSE-BOXWOOD. 
Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

5.  SCHAEFFEBIA   Jacq.      Shrubs   or    trees,    the    twigs    terete.      Leaves 
alternate,  persistent:    blades  entire.     Flowers  dioecious,  in  axillary   clusters. 
Sepals  4.     Petals  4.     Stamens  4,  borne  without  the  disk.     Stigmas  recurved. 
Drupes  tuberculate. 

1.  S.  frutescens  Jacq.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaves  not  clustered;  blades  ellip- 
tic, oval,  elliptic-obovate  or  elliptic-oblanceolate,  4-6  cm.  long,  shining  above: 
flowers  manifestly  pedicelled:  drupes  about  5  mm.  in  diameter. — BOXWOOD. 
YELLOW-WOOD. 

Hammocks,  lower  eastern  coast  of  Fla.,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  6.    HIPPOCRATEACEAE.    HIPPOCRATEA  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  opposite :  blades  simple.  Flowers 
perfect,  in  axillary  racemes,  panicles,  or  cymes.  Calyx  of  5  persistent 
sepals.  Corolla  5  petals.  Androecium  of  mostly  3  stamens.  Gynoecium 
of  3  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  berry,  a  drupe,  or  a  capsule,  of  3  or  fewer 
carpels  cohering  at  the  base.  Seeds  flattened. 

1.  HIPPOCKATEA  L.  Trees  or  woody  vines.  Leaf-blades  leathery. 
Sepals  and  petals  5.  Stamens  3 :  filaments  dilated  at  the  base.  Capsule  lobed. 
Seeds  winged. 

1.  H.  volubilis  L.  Climber:  leaf -blades  oblong  or  elliptic,  varying  to  ovate 
or  obovate,  5-14  cm.  long,  crenate-serrate :  corolla  5-6  mm.  broad:  mature 
carpels  broadly  obovate,  2.5-3  cm.  long.  [H.  ovata  Lam.] 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  7.    DODONAEACEAE.    DODONAEA  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  simple.  Flowers  ployg- 
amous  or  polygamo-dioecious,  variously  borne.  Calyx  of  3-5  sepals. 
Corolla  wanting.  Androecium  of  5-8  stamens.  Disk  obsolete.  Gynoe- 
cium of  3  or  4  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  reticulated  septicidal  capsule. 
Seeds  subglobose  or  somewhat  flattened. — Spr.  or  all  year. 

1.  DODONAEA  [Plum.]  L.  Erect  shrubs  or  trees,  with  usually  viscid 
foliage.  Leaf-blades  broadened  upward.  Capsule  winged. 


SAPINDACEAE.  69 

Leaf-blades  narrowly  spatulate :   fruits  less  than  2  cm.  wide  :  seeds  2-2.5  mm.  in 
diameter.  1 .  D.  jamaicensis. 

Leaf-blades  broadly  spatulate  to  oblong :  fruits  over  2  cm.  wide : 

seeds  3-3.5  mm.  in  diameter.  2.  D.  viscosa. 

1.  D.  jamaicensis  DC.     Shrub  1-4  m.  tall:  leaves  3-11  cm.  long;  blades  nar- 
rowly   spatulate,    gradually    narrowed   to    the   base:    sepals    oblong    or    oval, 
2.5-3  mm.  long,  ciliolate:   anthers  about  as  long  as  the  sepals:   fruits  10-16 
mm.  long,  deeply  notched  at  the  apex:   seeds  orbicular-lenticular,  2-2.5  mm. 
in  diameter. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  D.  viscosa  L.     Shrub  2-5  m.  tall:  leaves  8-15  cm.  long;  blades  broadly 
spatulate  to  oblong,  gradually  or  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base:  sepals  ovate 
or  oval,  2.5-3  mm.  long:  anthers  rather  shorter  than  the  sepals:   fruits  23-30 
mm.  long,  deeply  notched  at  the  apex:  seeds  orbicular-reniform,  3-3.5  mm.  in 
diameter. 

Woods  and  thickets,  m.  pen.  Fla.     (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  8.    AESCULACEAE.    BUCKEYE  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite :  blades  palmately  compound. 
Flowers  polygamous,  in  terminal  racemes  or  panicles.  Calyx  of  5  partially 
united  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  unequal  clawed  petals.  Androecium  of 
5-8  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  3  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  leathery  locu- 
licidal  capsule. 

1.  AESCUIiUS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  palmately  5-9-foliolate. 
Petals  with  their  claws  mostly  in  the  calyx-tube.  Filaments  slender.  Capsule 
smooth  or  echinate.  —  BUCKEYE.  HOBSE-CHESTNUT. 

Corolla  red ;  claws  of  the  lateral  petals  about  as  long  as  the  calyx :  stamens  slightly 
exceeding  the  corolla.  1.  Ae.  Pavia. 

Corolla  white ;  claws  of  the  lateral  petals  exserted :  stamens 

greatly  exserted.  2.  Ae.  parviflora. 

1.  Ae.  Pavia  L.     Shrub  or  small  tree:   leaflets  5-7;   blades  oblanceolate  or 
elliptic-oblanceolate:  calyx  15-17  mm.  long:  corolla  red;  lateral  petals  2-3  cm. 
long,  with  suborbicular  blades:  capsules  3-5  em.  in  diameter. — BED-BUCKEYE. 

Rich  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

2.  Ae.  parviflora  Walt.    Shrub:   leaflets  5-7;   blades  elliptic-oblanceolate  to 
obovate,   5-18   cm.   long:    calyx   5-7   mm.   long:    corolla   white:    lateral   petals 
16-20  mm.  long:  capsules  globular,  2.5-3  cm.  in  diameter. 

Woods,  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  9.     SAPINDACEAE.     SOAPBERRY  FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  opposite  or  alternate:  blades  simple 
or  pinnate,  sometimes  1-foliolate.  Flowers  dioecious,  polygamous,  or 
polygamo-dioecious,  or  rarely  perfect,  borne  in  racemes,  panicles,  or 
corymbs.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  petals  or  wanting. 
Disk  sometimes  gland-bearing.  Androecium  mostly  of  5  or  more  stamens. 
Gynoecium  of  2-4  more  or  less  united  carpels.  Fruit  capsular  or  baccate. 

1.  SAPINDUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades 
pinnate.  Flowers  polygamous,  regular.  Sepals  4  or  5.  Petals  4  or  5,  ap- 
pendaged.  Stamens  8-10.  Baccate  fruit  not  elongate,  lobed.  —  Winter  &  spr. 


70  FRANGULACEAE. 

Leaf-rachis   winged :   blades  of  the  leaflets   obtuse,  at  least  not  acuminate :   petals 

short-clawed.  1.  8.  Saponaria. 
Leaf-rachls   wingless :   blades   of  the  leaflets   acuminate :   petals 

long-clawed. 

Mature  carpels  globose :  seed  globose  or  spheroidal.  2.  8.  marginatus. 

Mature  carpels  oval  or  obovold :  seed  somewhat  elongate.  3.  8.  manatensis. 

1.  S.  Saponaria  L.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall:  leaflets  4-7;  blades 
oblong,  oval,  or  obovate,  3-12  cm.  long;   leaf-rachis  winged:    mature  carpels 
globose,  14-18  mm.  in  diameter. — SOAPBERRY.     FALSE-DOGWOOD. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  adj.  pen.,  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  S.  marginatus  Willd.    Tree  10-15  m.  tall,  the  twigs  and  inflorescence  pubes- 
cent:   leaflets   7-13;    blades  lanceolate  to   oblong-lanceolate,   5-15    cm.   long: 
leaf-rachis  margined  above:  mature  carpels  globose,  10-15  mm.  in  diameter. 

Hammocks  along  or  near  the  coast,  pen.  Fla.     (Core*.,  W.  I.) 

3.  S.  manatensis  Eadlk.     Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  and 
inflorescence    glabrous:    leaflets    7-13;    blades    oblong-lanceolate:    leaf-rachis 
wingless:  mature  carpels  oval  or  obovoid,  20-23  mm.  long. 

Hammocks,  islands  about  the  mouth  of  the  Manatee  river.     (Endemic.) 

Order  RHAMNALES. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  typically  alternate.  Flowers  regular, 
sometimes  imperfect  or  incomplete.  Calyx  present.  Corolla  present  or 
wanting.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals.  Gynoe- 
cium  of  2  or  more  united  carpels.  Ovary  superior  or  nearly  so.  Fruit 
a  capsule  or  a  berry,  or  drupaceous. 

Sepals  manifest :  petals  involute :  fruit  capsular  or  drupaceous. 

Fam.  1.  FRANGULACEAE. 
Sepals  minute  or  obsolete  :  petals  valvate  :  fruit  baccate.  Fam.  2.  VITACEAE. 

FAMILY  1.    FRANGULACEAE.    BUCKTHORN    FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaf-blades  simple,  pinnately  veined. 
Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  or  sometimes  dioecious.  Calyx  of  4  or  5 
sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  4  or  5 
stamens  opposite  the  petals.  Gynoecium  of  2  or  3  united  carpels.  Fruit 
capsular  or  drupaceous,  sometimes  separating  into  nutlets. 

Fruits  drupaceous,  pulpy,  the  stone  1-3-celled. 
Petals  wanting. 

Sepals  crested.  1.  KRDGIODENDBON. 

Sepals  crestless.  2.   REYNOSIA. 

Petals  present.  3.  BERCHEMIA. 

Fruits  dry  or  baccate,  with  2-4  separating  nutlets. 

Fruit  fleshy  :   disk  forming  a  hypanthium  with  the  ovary 

seated  in  the  bottom  of  it.  4.  SAGERETIA. 

Hypanthium  flattish  :  disk  conspicuous. 
Hypanthium    cup-like :    disk    inconspicuous,    but    lining 

the  hypanthium.  5.   RHAMNUS. 

Fruit  dry  :  disk  annular  the  ovary  Immersed  in  it. 
Fruit  not  winged,  seated  in  the  persistent  calyx. 

Sepals  inflexed :  petals  on  slender  claws.  6.  CEAXOTHUS. 

Sepals   spreading :    petals   sessile,    involutely    folded 

over  the  filaments.  7.  COLUBRINA. 

Fruit  winged,  crowned  with  the  sepals.  8.  GOUANIA. 

1.  KRUGIODENDBON  Urban.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  nearly  opposite: 
blades  entire.  Flowers  perfect.  Sepals  5,  crested  within.  Petals  wanting. 
Stamens  5:  filaments  longer  than  the  anthers.  Drupe  apiculate. 


FEANGULACEAE.  71 

1.  K.  ferreum  (Vahl)  Urban.  Shrub,  or  small  tree  9  m.  tall,  the  bark  ridged: 
leaf -blades  ovate  or  oval,  3-6  cm.  long:  sepals  ovate:  drupes  subglobose  or 
oval,  5-8  mm.  long,  black. — BLACK-IRONWOOD. 

Hammocks,  lower  eastern  coast,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) — Spr. 

2.  REYNOSIA  Griseb.     Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaves  opposite:  blades  entire. 
Flowers  perfect.     Sepals  5,  crestless.     Petals  wanting.     Stamens  5:  filaments 
longer  than  the  anthers.    Drupe  apiculate. 

1.  R.  septentrionalis  Urban.  Shrub,  or  tree  9  m.  tall,  the  bark  scaly:  leaf- 
blades  oblong,  varying  to  ovate  or  obovate:  sepals  deltoid  or  ovate-deltoid: 
drupes  subglobose,  oval,  or  obovoid,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  purple  or  nearly  black. 
— RED-IRONWOOD.  DARLING-PLUM. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) — Spr.-sum. 

3.  BERCHEMIA  Neck.    Shrubs  or  vines.     Leaves  alternate:  blades  many- 
ribbed.     Flowers  perfect   or  polygamous.     Sepals   5,  flat.     Petals  5,  hooded, 
sessile.     Stamens  5,  often  shorter  than  the  petals.     Drupe  somewhat  flattened, 
slightly  longer  than 'thick. 

1.  B.  scandens  (Hill)  Trelease.  Glabrous  climber  with  wide-spreading 
branches:  leaf -blades  oval,  elliptic,  oblong,  or  sometimes  varying  to  lanceo- 
late, 4-8  cm.  long,  entire  or  undulate-crenate :  sepals  longer  than  the  hypan- 
thium:  petals  obovate,  about  as  long  as  the  sepals:  drupes  oblong  or  ovoid- 
oblong,  6-8  mm.  long. — SUPPLE-JACK. 

Sandy  thickets  and  open  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

4.  SAGERETIA  Brongn.     Shrubs  with  diffuse  branches.     Leaves  opposite 
or  nearly  so:  blades  of  firm-texture,  finely  toothed.     Flowers  perfect.     Sepals 
5,  keeled  within.     Petals  5,  hooded,  clawed.     Stamens  5,  about  as  long  as  the 
petals.     Drupe  separating  into  3  leathery  nutlets. 

1.  S.  minutiflora  (Michx.)  Trelease.  Pubescent,  spinescent  shrub:  leaf -blades 
ovate  or  orbicular-ovate,  1-5  cm.  long:  spikes  1-4  cm.  long:  calyx  2-2.5  mm. 
broad:  petals  orbicular,  ovate,  about  *  as  long  as  the  sepals:  drupes  subglo- 
bose, 7-9  mm.  in  diameter. 

Sandy  thickets  and  hammocks,  near  the  coast,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

5.  RHAMNUS   [Tourn.]   L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  alternate:   blades 
entire  or  toothed,  many-ribbed.    Flowers  perfect  or  polygamo-dioecious.    Sepals 
4  or  5,  keeled  within.    Petals  4  or  5,  commonly  concave,  clawless,  shorter  than 
the  sepals,  or  wanting.    Stamens  4  or  5,  included  anthers  acute.    Drupe  berry- 
like,  not  lobed,  with  3  or  4  nutlets.  —  BUCKTHORN. 

1.  R.  caroliniana  Walt.  Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  11  m.  tall:  leaf -blades 
oblong  or  elliptic,  or  slightly  obovate,  5-12  cm.  long :  calyx  about  4  mm.  broad : 
petals  about  J  as  long  as  the  sepals:  drupes  black,  10-11  mm.  in  diameter. 
— INDIAN-CHERRY. 

Rich  woods,  m.  and  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

6.  CEANOTHTJS  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  alternate:    blades  usually 
toothed,  commonly  3-ribbed.     Flowers  perfect.     Sepals  5,  converging.     Petals 
5,  longer  than  the  sepals,  clawed,  the  blades  hooded.     Stamens  5,  exserted: 
anthers  emarginate.    Drupe  lobed,  separating  into  3  carpels. 

Leaf-blades  entire,  fleshy.  1.  C.  microphyllus. 
Leaf-blades  toothed,  membranous  or  nearly  so. 

A  low  decumbent  shrub  :  leaves  5-10  mm.  long,  persistent.  2.   C.  serpyllifolius. 
Erect  shrubs  :  leaves  deciduous. 

Leaves  1-3  cm.  long :  calyx  about  3  mm.  wide.  3.  C.  intermcdius. 

Leaves  3-10  cm.  long  :  calyx  about  4  mm.  wide.  4.  C.  americanus. 


72  VITACEAE. 

1.  C.   microphyllus  Michx.     Plants  3-6   dm.  tall,   diffuse:    leaf -blades  subor- 
bicular,  oval,  or  oblong,  3-6  mm.  long:  sepals  acute  or  abruptly  pointed:  petals 
about  1.5  mm.  long:  anthers  brown:  fruits  depressed,  4-5  mm.  wide. 

Pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Ga.) 

2.  C.    serpyllifolius   Nutt.      Shrub   with    diffuse   or    decumbent,    very   slender 
or   filiform   branches:    leaf -blades   oblong   to   ovate-oblong,   serrulate,   strigose 
beneath:  sepals  mostly  1  mm.  long  and  obtuse:  petals  about  1.5  mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  e.  Pla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Ga.) 

3.  C.  intennedius  Pursh.     Shrub  3-10  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  ovate  to  oblong- 
ovate,  or  nearly  oblong,  finely  serrate:  sepals  about  1  mm.  long:  petals  about 
1.5  mm.  long:   fruits  4-5  mm.  broad. 

Pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

4.  0.  americanus  L.     Shrub  2-9  dm.  tall:   leaf -blades  ovate  to  ovate-lanceo- 
late or  rarely  orbicular-ovate,  prominently  serrate:  sepals  about  1.5  mm.  long: 
petals  about  2  mm.  long:  fruits  5-6  mm.  broad. — NEW  JERSEY  TEA.    RED-BOOT. 

Dry  woods  and  hillsides,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

7.  COLUBBINA  L.  C.  Eich.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades 
entire  or  toothed,  sometimes  3-nerved  at  the  base.  Flowers  perfect.  Sepals  5, 
spreading,  keeled  within.  Petals  5,  folded  around  the  stamens,  clawless. 
Stamens  5:  anthers  notched.  Drupe  slightly  3-lobed,  the  carpels  separating 
at  least  at  the  top.  —  Fall-spr. 

Young  foliage  glabrous  or  inconspicuously  pubescent :  calyx  3.5-4.5  mm.  wide. 

1.  C.  reclinata. 
Young  foliage  conspicuously  red-tomentose :  calyx  7-8  mm.  wide.         2.  C.  Colubrina. 

1.  C.  reclinata  (L'Her.)  Brongn.     Shrub,  or  small  tree  becoming  20  m.  tall, 
with  puberulent  twigs:  leaf -blades  ovate-oblong  or  rarely  oval  or  obovate,  3-8 
cm.  long:  sepals  about  2  mm.  long:  petals  about  1.5  mm.  long:  drupe  slender- 
pedicelled,  seated  on  the  hypanthium. — NAKEDWOOD. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  C.  Colubrina   (Jacq.)   Millsp.     Shrub  or  tree,  with  rusty-tomentose  twigs: 
leaf -blades  ovate,  oblong,  elliptic,  or  rarely  oblanceolate,  5-15  cm.  long:  sepals 
about  2.5  mm.  long:  petals  somewhat  longer  than  those  of  C.  reclinata:  drupe 
stout-pedieelled,  partly  immersed  in  the  deep  hypanthium. — WILD-COFFEE. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

18.  G-OUANIA  Jacq.  Shrubs  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  broad. 
Flowers  polygamous,  the  inflorescence-branches  often  tendril-bearing.  Sepals 

5.  spreading.     Petals  5,  clawed,  the  blades  scoop-like.     Stamens  5,  each  sur- 
rounded by  a  petal.    Drupe  capsule-like,  3-winged,  separating  into  3  carpels. 

1.  G.  lupuloides    (L.)   Urban.     Climber:  leaf -blades  oval  or  elliptic,  varying 
to  ovate,  3-9  cm.  long:  spikes  6-15  cm.  long:  petals  1  mm.  long,  short -clawed: 
drupes  depressed,  about  10  mm.  broad.     [G.  domingensis  L.] — CHEW-STICK. 
Hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  2.    VITACEAE.     GRAPE  FAMILY. 

Vines,  sometimes  bushy  or  tree-like,  usually  with  tendrils.  Leaves 
alternate,  or  the  lower  ones  opposite :  blades  simple  or  compound.  Flowers 
perfect,  polygamous,  or  dioecious,  in  flat-topped  or  elongate  clusters. 
Calyx  of  4  or  5  sepals,  or  obsolete.  Corolla  of  4  or  5,  often  caducous, 
petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  4  or  5  stamens  opposite  the  petals. 
Gynoecium  of  usually  2  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  berry. 


VITACEAE.  73 

Hypogynous  disk  present,  either  annular,  cup-shaped  or  glandular :  leaf-blades  simple 

or  ternately  compound. 

Petals  cohering  into  a  cap,  caducous,  never  separating. 
Bark  shreddy :  pith  interrupted  by  diaphragms  at  the 

nodes  :  tendrils  forking.  1.  VITIS. 

Bark  not  shreddy  :  pith  continuous  through  the  nodes  : 

tendrils  simple.  2.  MUSCADIXIA. 

Petals  distinct,  spreading. 

Floral   envelopes   mostly   in   4's :    disk   4-lobed :    plant- 
tissues  fleshy.  3.  Cissus. 
Floral  envelopes  mostly  in  5's  :  disk  entire  or  nearly  so  : 

tissues  not  fleshy.  4.  AMPELOPSIS. 

Hypogynous  disk  wanting  or  obsolete:  leaf-blades   digitately 

5-7-foliolate.  5.  PAHTHENOCISSUS. 

1.  VITIS  [Tourn.]  L.  Leaf -blades  palmately  lobed,  angled  or  coarsely 
toothed.  Flowers  in  elongate  racemes  or  panicles.  Calyx  minute.  Petals 
cohering.  Berries  juicy,  mostly  edible.  Seeds  pyriform. — Spr. — GRAPE. 

Leaf-blades  green  and  glabrous  beneath,  at  least  at  maturity.         1.  V.  cordifolia. 
Leaf-blades  densely  woolly,  or  floccose,  or  cobwebby  beneath. 
Leaf-blades  cobwebby  or  flocculent  beneath  at  maturity. 

Young  foliage  gray-cobwebby.  2.  V.  cinerea. 

Young  foliage  ferruglneous-pubescent,  at  least  on  the 

veins  of  the  leaf-blades. 
Twigs,  and  often  the  expanding  leaves,  dotted  with 

close,  felt-like,  pubescence.  3.  V.  austrina. 

Twigs,  and  often  the  expanding  leaves,  more  or  less 

densely  tomentose. 
Leaf-blades    not    lobed,    except   on   shoots,    the 

margins  shallowly  sinuate-toothed.  4.  V.  tiliifolia. 

Leaf-blades  usually  manifestly  lobed,  the  mar- 
gins coarsely  toothed.  5.  V.  rufotomentosa. 
Leaf-blades    felt-like,    or    densely    tomentose   beneath    at 

maturity. 

Leaf-blades  felty-tomentose  with  white  hairs  beneath.        6.  V.  coriacea. 
Leaf-blades   densely  tomentose  with   tawny   or   rusty 

hairs  beneath.  7.  V.  Simpsonii. 

1.  V.  cordifolia  Lam.     Leaf-blades  thin,  deep-green,  longer  than  broad,  com- 
monly ovate  in  outline,  rarely  3-lobed  or  3-angled  near  the  apex,  rather  coarsely 
and  irregularly  toothed,  glabrous  or  sometimes  sparingly  pubescent  beneath 
when  young,  more  or  less  deeply  cordate  at  the  base  (persistent  and  lustrous  in 
V.  cordifolia  sempervirens) :  panicles  1-3  dm.  long,  commonly  drooping:  ber- 
ries globose,  8-10  mm.  in  diameter,  black  under  a  slight  bloom.  Dleasantly  acid, 
persistent. — FROST-GRAPE.    CHICKEN-GRAPE. 

Woods  and  thickets,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  V.  cinerea  Engelm.     Leaf-blades  thinnish,  mostly  longer  than  broad,  8-20 
cm.  in  diameter,  shallowly  toothed,  otherwise  entire,  or  distinctly  angularly 
3-lobed  near  the  apex,  cobwebby  above  or  glabrous  and  rugose  in  age,  more 
or  less  softly  pubescent  beneath  with  ashy  or  dark-brown  webby  hairs,  cordate 
at  the  base:   panicles  1.5—3  dm.  long,  irregular,  drooping:   berries  subsrlobose, 
10-14  mm.  in  diameter,  black,  barely   glaucous,   rather   numerous. — DOWNY- 
GRAPE. 

Hillsides  and  along  streams,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

3.  V.    austrina    Small.       Leaf -blades    thinnish,    orbicular    or    ovate-orbicular, 
10-15  cm.  in  diameter,  more  or  less  distinctly  3-lobed,  triangular  at  the  apex, 
finely  pubescent  beneath  and  often  rusty  on  the  nerves,  dull-green  above,  cor- 
date, the  teeth  very  low,  remote :    panicles  relatively   small :    peduncles   often 
about  as  long  as  the  panicles:   berries  mostly  6-9  mm.  in  diameter,  black, 
without  a  bloom. 

Swamps  and  low  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen. 

4.  V.  tiliifolia  H.  &  B.     Leaf-blades  ovate  to  ovate-orbicular,  5-14  cm.  long, 
acuminate,  sinuate,  with  mucronate  teeth,  dull-green  above,  finely  and  closely 
reddish-floccose  beneath,   especially   rusty   on   and  about  the   veins,   cordate: 


74  VITACEAE. 

panicles  1-2  dm.  long:  oerries  globose,  10-12  mm.  in  diameter,  purple.  [V. 
caribaea  DC.] 

Hammocks,  pen.  Fla.     (W.  7.) 

5.  V.  rufotomentosa  Small.     Leaf-blades  suborbicular  to  ovate-orbicular,  10- 
20  cm.  long,  or  sometimes  shorter,  dull-green  above,  finely  and  closely  tomen- 
tose  beneath,  especially  rusty  on  and  about  the  nerves,  rather  coarsely  and 
irregularly  toothed,  cordate  at  the  base:  panicles  rather  small,  or  ample,  some- 
times 2.5-3  dm.  long:  penducles  much  shorter  than  the  panicles:  berries  black, 
with  little  or  no  bloom,  often  5-6  mm.  in  diameter. 

Dry  sandy  thickets  and  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

6.  V.  coriacea  Shuttlw.    Leaf -blades  reniform  to  suborbicular  in  outline,  3-10 
cm.  broad,  shallowly  toothed,  angularly  lobed    (those  of  shoots  often  deeply 
lobed),  becoming  glabrate  above,  felty  beneath,  cordate  or  truncate  and  sub- 
cordate:  panicles  5-12  cm.  long:  berries  subglobose,  less  than  10  mm.  in  diam- 
eter, pleasantly  acid. 

Hammocks,  pen.  Fla.     (W.  I.) 

7.  V.  Simpsonii  Munson.    Leaf -blades  suborbicular  in  outline,  5-18  cm.  broad, 
prominently  or  mostly  deeply  3-5-lobed,  and  shallowly  toothed,  glabrate  above, 
more  or  less  densely  tawny-  or  rusty-tomentose  beneath,  cordate ;  panicles  5—10 
cm.  long,  usually  compact:  berries  commonly  15  mm.  in  diameter,  black,  mostly 
4-seeded. 

Dry  sandy  thickets  and  woods,  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

2.  MUSCADINIA  Small.    Vines.    Leaf -blades  angled  or  coarsely  toothed. 
Flowers  in  racemes   or   panicles.     Calyx   minute.     Petals   cohering.     Berries 
rather  juicy,  ultimately  edible. 

Berries  1-1.5  cm.  in  diameter ;  the  skin  and  pulp  tender,  the  latter  acid :  seeds  3-5 
mm.  long.  1.  M.  Munsoniana. 

Berries  1.5-2.5  cm.  in  diameter :  the  skin  and  pulp  tough,  the 

latter  musky  :  seeds  6-9  mm.  long.  2.  M.  rotundifolia. 

1.  M.  Munsoniana   (Simpson)   Small.     Leaf -blades  thinnish,  but  rather  firm, 
suborbicular  or  reniform,  4-8  cm.  broad,  coarsely  toothed,  glabrous,  except  the 
axils  of  the  vein  beneath,  persistent,  cordate  at  the  base :  berries  globose,  1-1.5 
cm.  in  diameter,  nearly  black  under  a  slight  bloom  or  shining,  the  skin  and 
pulp  tender,  acid:   seeds  3-5  mm.  long.     [Witis  peltata  Eaf.] — BULLACE-GRAPE. 

Hammocks,  nearly  throughout  Fla.     (Ga.,  W.  I.) — Spr.  or  all  year  southward. 

2.  M.  rotundifolia  (Michx.)  Small.    Leaf -blades  firm  or  leathery,  suborbicular 
to  ovate-orbicular,  4-9  cm.  in  diameter  or  larger,  usually  acuminate,  coarsely 
toothed,  glabrous,  except  the  axils  and  sometimes  the  nerves  beneath,  cordate: 
berries  subglobose,  dull-purple,  without  bloom,  with  musky  pulp,  the  bunches 
globular. — MUSCADINE.    SOUTHERN  FOX-GRAPE.    SCUPPERNONG. 

Thickets,    swamps,    river-banks,    or    hammocks,    n.    Fla.    and    the    upper    pen. 
(Cont.) — Spr. 

3.  CISSUS  L.     Fleshy  vines.    Leaf-blades  simple  or  3-foliolate.     Flowers 
in  small  cymes.    Petals  spreading.    Berries  inedible. 

Leaf-blades  simple,  distantly  serrate.  1.   C.  sicyoides. 

Leaf-blades  3-foliolate  the  leaflets  coarsely  toothed. 

Flowers  in  compound  umbel-like  cymes :  berries  thickest  below 

the  middle.  2.    C.  trifoliata. 

Flowers   in   trlchotomous   cymes :    berries   thickest  above  the 

middle.  3.  C.  inclsa. 

1.  0.  sicyoides  L.  Plants  pubescent:  leaf -blades  ovate  or  oblong-ovate,  2-8 
cm.  long,  acute  or  often  acuminate:  berries  subglobose,  about  1  cm.  in  diam- 
eter, black. 

Hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  Keys.     (ir.  7.) 


MALVACEAE.  75 

2.  C.  trifoliata  L.     Plants  glabrous:   leaf -blades  3-foliolate;   leaflets  1-3  cm. 
long,  suborbicular  varying  to  ovate  or  obovate,  often  flabellate :  berries  globose- 
ovoid   or   ovoid,   abruptly   pointed,   5-7   mm.    in    diameter,   dark-purple.       [C. 
acida  L.] 

Hammocks,  mostly  near  the  coast,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  01  incisa  Desmoul.     Plants  glabrous:  leaf -blades  3-foliolate;  leaflets  pale- 
green,  very  fleshy,  3-10  cm.  long,  coarsely  toothed  and  incised,  the  terminal 
one  sometimes  3-lobed,  the  lateral  ones,  2-lobed,  all  more  or  less  cuneately  nar- 
rowed at  the  base,  on  stout  petiolules :  berries  obovoid  or  obovoid-globose,  10-12 
mm.  long,  apiculate. 

Sand-dunes  and  hammocks,  nearly  throughout  the  coastal  region  of  Fla.,  except 
the  F.  Keys.  (Cont.) 

4.  AMPELOPSIS  Michx.    Woody  vines.     Leaf-blades  simple  or  bipinnate. 
Flowers  in  flat  cymes.    Petals  spreading.    Berries  inedible. 

Leaf -blades  bipinnate :  ovary  surpassing  the  disk,  the  latter  mostly  adnate  to  it. 

1.  A.  arborea. 
Leaf-blades  simple :  ovary  not  surpassing  the  disk  but  nearly  free 

from  it.  2.  A.  cordata. 

1.  A.   arborea    (L.)    Rusby.     Leaf -blades  bipinnate,    1-2    dm.   long;    leaflets 
several  or  many,  the  blades  ovate,  often  broadly  so  or  cuneate-obovate,  1-3  cm. 
long,  coarsely  toothed,  incised,  or  lobed:  berries  10-13  mm.  in  diameter,  dark- 
purple. — PEPPER-VINE. 

Hammocks,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys.  (Cont.,  W.  I.) — Spr. 
or  all  year  southward. 

2.  A.  cordata  Michx.     Leaf-blades  ovate  or  triangular-ovate,  4-12  cm.  long, 
shallowly  serrate,  long-petioled:   styles  slender:   berries  6-8  mm,  in  diameter, 
bluish  or  greenish-blue. 

Woods  and  river-banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

5.  PABTHENOCISSUS  Planch.     Vines,  the  tendrils  often  disk  bearing. 
Leaf -blades  digitately  compound.    Flowers  in  compound  cymes.    Petals  spread- 
ing.    Beries  inedible. 

1.  P.  quinquefolia  (L.)  Planch.  Leaflets  5;  blades  usually  thinnish,  oval, 
elliptic,  or  oblong,  the  lateral  ones  inequilateral,  coarsely  serrate  above  the 
middle:  berries  8-9  mm.  in  diameter,  deep-blue  with  a  scant  bloom,  often  quite 
pulpy. — VIRGINIA-CREEPER.  AMERICAN-IVY. 

Hammocks,  banks  and  woods,  nearly  throughout  Fla.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

Order   MALVALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite:  blades  simple, 
often  lobed  and  toothed.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  regular  and  involucrate. 
Calyx  of  distinct  or  partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  distinct  petals. 
Androecium  of  numerous  monadelphous  or  grouped  stamens,  or  few  in 
Buettneriaceae.  Gynoecium  of  several  distinct  or  united  carpels.  Fruit 
capsular,  follicular,  berry-like,  or  nut-like. 

Stamens  numerous  (in  our  genera).  Fam.  1.  MALVACEAE. 

Stamens  as  many  as  the  sepals.  Fam.  2.  BUETTNERIACEAE. 

FAMILY  1.    MALVACEAE.    MALLOW  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  simple,  palmately 
veined.  Flowers  perfect.  Calyx  of  5  more  or  less  united  valvate  sepals. 


76  MALVACEAE. 

Corolla  of  5  convolute  petals.  Aiidroecium  of  numerous  monadelphous 
stamens.  Gynoecium  of  several  united  carpels.  Fruit  capsular  or  some- 
times baccate. 

Fruit  of  several  radially  disposed  carpels  which  separate  at  maturity. 

Mature  carpels  spine-armed.  1.  PAVONIA. 

Mature  carpels  spineless,  sometimes  cuspidate.  2.  MALACHE. 

Fruit  a  loculicidal  capsule,  or  rarely  indehiscent.  . 

Styles  distinct :  seeds  reniform. 

Bractlets  of  the  involucel  distinct.  3.  HIBISCUS. 

Bractlets  of  the  involucel  united  into  a  lebed  cup.  4.  PARITIUM. 

Styles  united  :  seeds  not  reniform. 

Bractlets  of  the  involucel  entire :  seeds  short-hairy.  5.  THESPESIA. 

Bractlets  of  the  involucel  laciniate  :  seeds  long-hairy.  6.  GOSSYPIUM. 

1.  PAVONIA  Cav.     Shrubs  or  woody  herbs.    Leaf -blades  angled  or  lobed. 
Involucel  present.     Sepals  5,  partially  united.    Petals  5,  often  showy.     Carpels 
5,  1-celled,  spine  armed. 

1.  P.  spinifex  (L.)  Cav.  Shrub  1-3  m.  tall,  hirsute  and  stigillose:  leaf -blades 
ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  5-10  em.  long:  bractlets  linear  to  lanceolate:  calyx-lobes 
lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate:  petals  yellow,  2.5  cm.  long:  mature  carpels  5-6 
mm.  long,  the  spines  slender-subulate. 

Sandy  woods  and  thickets,  e.  coast  of  Fla.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

2.  MALACHE  B.  Vogel.     Shrubs  or  partially  woody  plants.    Leaf -blades 
broad,  remotely  serrate  or  repand,  3-ribbed.    Involucel  of  6-8  bractlets  or  more. 
Sepals  5,  partially  united.     Petals  5,  pale.    Carpels  with  a  median  crest  at  the 
apex  and  2  lateral  cusps. 

1.  M.  scabra  B.  Vogel.     Plants  1-3  m.  tall,  puberulent:  leaf -blades  ovate  to 
oblong-ovate,   6-15   em.   long:    bractlets   oblong-lanceolate:    calyx-lobes   ovate: 
petals  greenish-yellow  or  whitish,  2-2.5  cm.  long:  mature  carpels  about  10  mm. 
long,  reticulate  on  the  back.     [Pavonia  racemosa  Sw.] 
Coastal  hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.I.) 

3.  HIBISCUS  L.     Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  entire,  lobed,  or 
parted.     Involucel  of  several,  rarely  3,  distinct  bractlets.     Sepals  5,  more  or 
less  united.     Petals  5,  white,  colored  or  variegated.     Carpels  forming  a  5- 
valved  capsule. 

Corolla  with  more  or  less  spreading  petals. 

Corolla  mainly  red  or  salmon :  calyx-lobes  lanceolate  or  triangular-lanceolate. 

1.   H.  Rosa-Sinensis. 

Corolla  nearly  pink  or  white :  calyx-lobes  triangular-ovate.      2.  H.  syriacus. 
Corolla    cylindric,    or   with    the   tips    of   the    petals    slightly 

spreading.  3.  H.  spiralis. 

1.  H.  Rosa-Sinensis  L.    Shrub  or  small  tree,  usually  sparingly  pubescent :  leaf  - 
blades  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  rounded  or  abruptly  narrowed  at  the  base, 
coarsely  and  unequally  toothed:  bractlets  narrowly  linear:  calyx-lobes  lanceo- 
late, more  pubescent  within  than  without:  petals  rose-red,  or  rarely  of  other 
colors:  capsules  2-2.5  cm.  long. — SHOE-BLACK  PLANT.     CHINESE-ROSE. 

Fields,  waste  places,  and  roadsides,  pen.  Fla.     Nat.  of  China.     (W.  I.) 

2.  H.  syriacus  L.     Shrub  or  small  tree,  minutely  pubescent  when  young:  leaf- 
blades  3-lobed,   coarsely  crenate,  3-12   cm.  long:    bractlets  linear  or   linear- 
spatulate,  10-20  mm.  long:   calyx-lobes  triangular-ovate:  petals  deep-pink,  or 
white  with  crimson  blotches  at  the  base :  capsules  oblong-ovoid,  2-2.5  cm.  long. 
— SHRUBBY-ALTHAEA.     EOSE-OF-SHARON. 

Fields  and  roadsides,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.    Nat.  of  W.  Asia.     (Cont.) 

3.  H.  spiralis  Cav.    Plants  3-18  dm.  tall,  stellate-hirsute :  leaf -blades  triangular- 
ovate  or  angulately  3-lobed,  1-4  cm.  long:  bractlets  linear  or  nearly  so,  7-9  mm. 


MALVACEAE.  77 

long:  calyx-lobes  acuminate:  petals  crimson,  2-2.5  cm.  long:   capsules  fully  1 
cm.  long.    [H.  tubiflorus  DC.] 
Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

4.  PABITIUM  St.   Hil.     Shrubs  or  trees,  resembling  Hibiscus  in  habit, 
but  with  the  bractlets  of  the  involucel  united  into  a  lobed  cup. 

1.  P.  tiliaceum  (L.)  Juss.  Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  young  parts  velvety  - 
tomentose:  leaf-blades  suborbicular  to  ovate,  1-2  dm.  long,  shallowly  toothed, 
prominently  veined  beneath:  calyx-lobes  lanceolate  or  triangular-lanceolate: 
petals  yellow,  5-6  cm.  long:  capsule  2.5-3.5  cm.  long,  abruptly  pointed. — 
MAHOE. 

Shores,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) — Spr.-sum. 

5.  THESPESIA  Soland.     Shrubs  or  trees,  resembling  species  of  Hibiscus. 
Leaf-blades   entire    or    angulate-lobed.      Involucel    of    3-5    narrow    deciduous 
bractlets.     Sepals  5,  partially  or  wholly  united.     Petals  5,  showy.     Carpels 
united  into  a  mostly  indehiscent  capsule. 

1.  T.  populnea  (L.)  Soland.  Low  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  ovate,  5-12  cm. 
long:  calyx  cup-like:  petals  5-7  cm.  long,  yellow  and  purple:  capsules  de- 
pressed, 3-4.5  cm.  broad. — SEASIDE-MAHOE. 

Shores,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.  Nat.  prob.  of  the  Old  World  Tropics.  (W.  I.)  — 
Sum.-fall. 

6.  GOSSYPIUM   L.      Herbs,   shrubs,   or   trees.      Leaf-blades   palmately 
lobed  or  rarely  entire.     Involucel  of  3  large  bracts.     Sepals  5,  united  into  a 
cup-like  calyx.     Petals  5,  usually  dark-colored  at  the  base.     Capsule  5-valved. 
—  COTTON. 

Seed-body  and  hairs  (cotton)  tightly  adherent.  1.  G.hirsutum. 

Seed-body  and  hairs  (cotton)  easily  separable.  2.   G.  barbadense. 

1.  G.  hirsutum  L.     Shrub  or  small  tree,  with  usually  hirsute  twigs:  leaf -blades 
4-11  cm.  wide,  sometimes  pubescent,  3-lobed,  the  lobes  ovate  to  deltoid,  as 
long  as  the  body  of  the  leaf  or  very  short:   calyx  becoming  1-1.5  cm.  wide: 
eorolla  creamy- white  except  the  purplish  base,  becoming  pink;  petals  3-5  cm. 
long:  capsules  ovoid,  2.5-3  cm.  long. — WILD-COTTON. 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  G.  foarbadense  L.    Shrub  with  glabrous  twigs,  often  2  m.  tall  or  more:  leaf- 
blades  with  3-5  lanceolate  or  ovate-lanceolate  lobes :  capsules  ovoid,  acute,  3.5-5 
cm.  long. — SEA-ISLAND  COTTON. 

Sandy  thickets  and  open  woods  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.  Presumably  nat.  of 
trop.  Am.  (Con*.,  W.  I.) 

Order  HYPERICALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  various.  Flowers  mostly  perfect, 
complete  and  regular  (irregular  in  Violaceae),  sometimes  involucrate. 
Calyx  of  distinct  or  essentially  distinct  sepals.  Corolla  of  distinct  petals 
(partially  united  in  Fouquieriaceae),  rarely  wanting.  Androecium  of 
several  united  carpels.  Ovary  superior,  mostly  with  parietal  placentae. 
Fruit  capsular,  baccate,  or  drupaceous. 

Styles  wanting  :  stigmas  introrse.  Fam.  1.  TAMARICACEAE. 
Styles  present,  distinct  or  united  :  stigmas  terminal. 
Stigmas  not  brush-like. 

Petals  imbricate,  not  oblique:  leaves  alternate.  Fam.  2.  THEACEAE. 

Petals  convolute,  oblique  :  leaves  opposite  or  whorled.  Fam.  3.  HYPEKICACEAE. 

Stigmas  brush-like.  Fam.  4.  TORXERACEAE. 


78  HYPERICACEAE. 

FAMILY  1.     TAMABICACEAE.     TAMARISK  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  partially  herbaceous  plants.  Leaves  alternate : 
blades  entire,  often  scale-like.  Flowers  mainly  perfect,  sometimes  in  pro- 
fuse panicles.  Calyx  of  5,  or  4  or  6,  sepals.  Corolla  of  5,  or  4  or  6,  petals. 
Androecium  of  5  or  many  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  2-5  united  carpels. 
Ovary  1-celled.  Fruit  a  capsule. 

1.  TAMAKIX  L.  Irregularly  branching  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  scale- 
like,  clasping  or  sheathing.  Flowers  borne  in  plume-like  panicles.  Capsule 
many-seeded. 

1.  T.   gallica  L.     Small   tree   or   shrub,   with  weak  branches,   the   branchlets 

clothed  with  the  imbricate  leaves:  panicles  with  numerous  spikes:  sepals  about 

0.5  mm.  long:  petals  white  or  pinkish:  capsules  about  1  mm.  long. — TAMARISK. 

Roadsides  and  thickets,  n.  and  pen.  Fla.    Nat.  of  s.  Eu.     (Cont.) — Sum.-fall. 

FAMILY  2.     THEACEAE.     CAMELLIA  FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate.  Flowers  perfect  and  showy. 
Calyx  of  5,  or  rarely  4-7,  imbricate  sepals.  Corolla  of  5,  or  rarely  of  4-7, 
petals.  Androecium  of  numerous,  or  rarely  few,  stamens.  Gynoecium  of 
3-5  partially  or  wholly  united  carpels.  Fruit  mostly  capsular,  sometimes 
indehiscent. 

1.  STUABTIA  L.  Shrubs.  Leaf -blades  usually  toothed.  Sepals  mostly 
5,  relatively  broad.  Petals  mostly  5.  Style  columnar.  Stigma  radiate.  Capsule 
globular  or  depressed. 

1.  S.  Malachodendron  L.    Shrub  1-5  m.  tall :  leaf -blades  oval,  elliptic  or  some- 
times ovate  or  obovate,  5-11  cm.  long:  sepals  about  1  cm.  long:  petals  obovate, 
3-5  cm.  long:  capsules  depressed-globular,  12-17  mm.  in  diameter. 
Woods  and  hillsides,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  3.    HYPEEICACEAE.     ST.  JOHN'S-WORT  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  herbs.  Leaves  opposite:  blades  mostly  punctate,  entire  or 
nearly  so,  sometimes  scale-like.  Flowers  perfect.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  some- 
times unequal  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  yellow  or  pink  petals.  Androe- 
cium of  few  or  many  stamens,  sometimes  grouped,  the  groups  sometimes 
alternating  with  the  glands.  Gynoecium  of  3-7  united  carpels.  Fruit  a 
capsule. 

Sepals  4,  in  more  or  less  unequal  pairs  :  petals  mostly  4. 

Pairs  of  sepals  very  unequal  in  size  or  shape  or  both,  the  outer  pair  enclosing  the 

capsule.  1.  ASCYEUM. 

Pairs  of  sepals  nearly  equal  in  size  and  shape,  much  surpassed 

by  the  capsule.  2.  CHOOKEA. 

Sepals  and  petals  mostly  5.  3.  HYPERICUM. 

1.  ASCYRUM  L.  Shrubs.  Sepals  4,  very  unequal.  Stamens  not  in  groups. 
Styles  relatively  short.  Capsule  included  in  the  calyx. — ST.  PETER  'S-WORT. 
ST.  ANDREW 'S-CROSS. 

Styles  2  :  inner  sepals  very  small,  petal-like  or  obsolete. 

Peduncles  reflexed  at  maturity  :  calyx  without  bractlets,  conspicuously  surpassing 

the  leaves.  1.  A.  pumihtm. 

Peduncles  not  recurved :  calyx  subtended  by  a  pair  of  bract- 
lets,  not  conspicuously  surpassing  the  leaves. 

Outer  sepals  ovate  at  maturity  :  capsule  included.  2.   A.  hypericoides, 

Outer  sepals  oblong  or  elliptic  at  maturity  :  capsule  ex- 

serted  at  the  tip.  3.  A.  linifolium. 


HYPEEICACEAE.  7 

Styles  3-4  :  inner  sepals  slightly  smaller  than  the  outer. 

Leaf-blades  merely  sessile :  outer  sepals  fully  as  broad  as 

long.  4.  A.  cuneifolium. 

Leaf-blades  clasping  :  outer  sepals  longer  than  broad. 

Outer  sepals  broader  than  the  leaf-blades  :  inner  sepals 

shorter  than  the  outer.  5.  A.  stans. 

Outer  sepals  narrower  than  the  leaf -blades  :  inner  sepals 

as  long  as  the  outer.  6.  A.  tetrapetalum. 

1.  A.  pumilum  Michx.     Shrub  depressed:  leaf -blades  oval,  obovate,  or  linear- 
oblong,  3-9  mm.  long:  outer  sepals  ovate  to  suborbicular,  6-10  mm.  long,  the 
inner  obsolete  or  nearly  so :  petals  yellow,  obovate :  .capsules  about  5  mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Ga.) 

2.  A.  hypericoid.es  L.     Shrub  diffuse:   leaf -blades  linear,  often  narrowly  so, 
5-15  mm.  long:    outer  sepals  cuneate-obovate  to  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate, 
7-9  mm.  long,  the  inner  petaloid:  petals  pale-yellow:  capsules  7-8  mm.  long. 

Dry  woods  and  hammocks, nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys.    (Cont.,W.  I.) 

3.  A.  linifolium  Spach.     Shrub  mostly  erect:   leaf -blades  linear-spatulate  to 
oblanceolate,  oblong,  or  obovate-oblong,  1-3.5  cm.  long:   outer  sepals  ovate  to 
oblong-ovate,  6-9  mm.  long,  the  inner  petaloid:  petals  bright-yellow:  capsules 
5-8  mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  pen.  Fla.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

4.  A.  cuneifolium  Chapm.     Shrub  1-2  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  cuneate  or  obovate, 
5-20  mm.  long:  inner  sepals  oblong  or  nearly  so:  capsules  broadly  ovoid. 

Low  pinelands,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

5.  A.  stans  Michx.     Shrub  3-9  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  oblong-elliptic,  varying  to 
obovate:  inner  sepals  lanceolate:  capsules  narrowly  ovoid.    . 

Pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Cont.) 

6.  A.  tetrapetalum   (Lam.)   Vail.     Shrub  2-9   dm.  tall:   leaf -blades  ovate  to 
oval:   outer  sepals  resembling  the  leaf -blades,  the  inner  oblong  to  lanceolate: 
capsules  about  i  as  long  as  the  sepals. 

Low  pinelands  and  swamps,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys.     (Ga.) 

2.  CROOKEA  Small.     Shrubs  resembling  species  of  Ascyrum.     Sepals  4, 
nearly  equal.     Stamens  numerous:   filaments  distinct.     Styles  relatively  long. 
Capsule  not  included. 

1.  C.  microsepala  (T.  &  G.)  Small.    Shrub  less  than  1  m.  tall:  leaves  numerous; 
blades  cuneate  to  linear-cuneate,  or  narrowly  oblong,  6-14  mm.  long:   petals 
yellow,  the  larger  obovate,  the  smaller  oblong:  capsules  oblong,  7-8  mm.  long. 
Sandy  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Ga.) 

3.  HYPERICUM   [Tourn.]   L.     Herbs  or   shrubs.     Sepals  5,  essentially 
equal    Stamens  mostly  in  groups.     Style  relatively  long.    Capsule  not  included. 
— ST.  JOHN 'S-WORT. 

Capsule  1-celled  or  incompletely  3-celled. 

Capsule  with  parietal  placentae,  these  not  intruded.  1.  H.  opacum. 

Capsule  with  3  intruded  placentae,  incompletely  3-celled. 
Sepals  small,  not  foliaceous. 

Leaves  not  in  conspicuous  axillary  clusters  :  blades 

relatively  broad. 

Sepals  less  than  %  as  long  as  the  petals :  cap- 
sules 6-7  mm.  long.  2.  H.  nudiflorum. 
Sepals  over  y2  as  long  as  the  petals  :  capsules 

12-13  mm.  long.  3.  H.  apocynifolium. 

Leaves    in    conspicuous    axillary    clusters :    blades 

narrow. 

Leaves  of  the  axillary  clusters  smaller  than  the 
subtending  pair ;  blades  neither  subulate 
nor  fleshy. 


80  HYPEBICACEAE. 

Leaf-blades    linear-oblong,   spatulate   or   ob- 

lanceolate.  4.  H.  ambiguum. 

Leaf-blades    narrowly    linear    or    narrowly 

linear-spatulate.  5.  H.  galioides. 

Leaves  of  the  axillary  clusters  about  as  large  as 
the  subtending  pair ;   blades  subulate  or 
linear-subulate,  fleshy,  about  as  thick  as 
wide. 
Sepals  as  long  as  the  petals  or  fully  %  as 

long :  leaves  mostly  over  10  mm.  long.  6.  H.  fasciculatum. 

Sepals  less  than   %   as  long  as  the  petals : 

leaves  mostly  less  than  10  mm.  long.  7.  H.  aspalathoides. 

Sepals  follaceous.  8.  H.  myrtifolium. 

Capsule  completely  3-celled.  9.  H.  densiflorum. 

1.  H.  opacum  T.  &  G.     Shrub  3-12  dm.  tall:   leaves  few;  blades  oblong  to 
oblong-lanceolate,  or  sometimes  linear-oblong,  1-3  cm.  long:    petals  3-5  mm. 
long. 

Low  pinelands  and  swamps,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont. ) 

2.  H.  nudiflorum  Michx.     Shrub  3-10  dm.  tall:   leaf -blades  elliptic-oblong  to 
elliptic-lanceolate,  1.5-6  cm.  long:  sepals  elliptic-oblong  to  elliptic-oblanceolate, 
3-4  mm.  long:  petals  nearly  oblong,  6-8  mm.  long:  capsules  conic-ovoid. 

Stream-banks,  swamp-margins,  and  rich  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

3.  H.  apocynifolium  Small.     Shrub  4-7  dm.  tall:  leaf-blades  oblong  or  nearly 
so,  2-4  cm.  long:  sepals  spatulate,  elliptic,  or  oval,  3-5  mm.  long:  petals  oblong, 
8-9  mm.  long:  capsules  oblong-conic. 

Swamps,  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

4.  H.  ambiguum  Ell.    Shrub  0.5-1.5  m.  tall:  leaf-blades  linear-oblong  to  spatu- 
late, 1-2.5  cm.  long:  sepals  linear  or  slightly  broadened  upward,  3-5  mm.  long: 
petals  obliquely  obovate  or  cuneate,  almost  laterally  apiculate,  5-7  mm.  long: 
capsules  almost  conic,  5-6  mm.  high. 

River-banks,  river-swamps,  and  low  grounds,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

5.  H.  galioides  Lam.    Shrub  3-8  dm.  high  or  taller:  leaf -blades  narrowly  linear 
or  slightly  broadened  upward,  0.5-1.5  cm.  long:  sepals  linear  or  linear-spatulate, 
3-4  mm.  long:  petals  cuneately  narrowed,  obliquely  or  almost  laterally  pointed, 
4-7  mm.  long:  capsules  conic,  5-6  mm.  long,  acute. 

Dry  woods  and  banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

6.  H.  fasciculatum  Lam.     Shrub  1-5  m.  tall:  leaves  numerous,  a  bunch  usually 
clustered  in  the  axils  of  the  larger  ones;  blades  leathery,  linear-filiform,  1-2 
cm.  long,  or  shorter  in  the  clusters:   sepals  linear,  3-4  mm.  long,  about  1  cm. 
wide :  petals  bright-yellow,  obliquely  apiculate,  7-8  mm.  long :  capsules  ovoid  or 
conic-ovoid,  4-5  mm.  long. 

Low  or  wet  pinelands  or  swamps,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys. 
(Cont.,  W.  I.) 

7.  H.  aspalathoides  Willd.     Shrub  2-8  dm.  tall:  leaves  very  numerous,  with 
clusters  of   small  ones  borne  in  the  axils   of  the  large   ones;    blades   linear- 
subulate  or  linear-filiform,  5-8  mm.  long,  or  shorter  in  the  clusters:  petals  6-7 
mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  n.  and  pen.  Fla.,  and  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

8.  H.  myrtifolium  Lam.     Shrub  3-10  dm.  tall:   leaf -blades  ovate  to  oblong- 
ovate,  or  ovate-lanceolate  or  rarely  nearly  oblong,  1-3  cm.  long:  sepals  folia- 
ceous,  ovate,  5-8  mm.  long :  petals  obovate,  12-15  mm.  long :  capsules  pyramidal- 
ovoid,  incompletely  3-celled  or  rarely  4-celled,  5-6  mm.  high. 

Low  pinelands,  n.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

9.  H.   densiflorum  Pursh.     Shrub   6-18    dm.   tall:    leaf -blades   linear,   linear- 
oblanceolate,  or  linear-oblong,  1-5  cm.  long,  acute:   sepals  unequal,  oblong  to 
elliptic-oblong,  2-2.5  mm.  long:   corolla  bright -yellow,  1-1.5  cm.  broad;  petals 
obliquely  pointed:   capsules  ovoid,  4-6  mm.  long,  slightly  3-lobed.  completely 
3-celled. 

Swamps  and  river-banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 


OPUNTIACEAE.  81 

FAMILY  2.     TURNERACEAE.     TTJRNERA  FAMILY. 

Herbs  or  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  entire,  toothed,  or  pin- 
natifid,  pinnately  veined.  Flowers  mostly  perfect.  Calyx  of  5  imbricate 
sepals.  Corolla  of  5  convolute  delicate  petals.  Androecium  of  5  distinct 
stamens.  Gynoecium  of  3  united  carpels.  Ovary  1-celled,  with  3  parietal 
placentae  opposite  the  styles.  Fruit  a  3-valved  capsule. 

1.  TUBNEBA  L.  Shrubs  or  shrubby  plants.  Flowers  usually  solitary  and 
axillary.  Corolla  yellow.  Stigmas  3,  brush-like. 

1.  T.  ulmifolia  L.  Shrub  2  m.  tall  or  less,  with  appressed-pubescent  branehlets : 
leaf -blades  ovate,  varying  to  oblong,  elliptic  or  spatulate,  mostly  3-9  cm.  long, 
serrate  or  erenate-serrate,  2-glandular  at  the  base,  short-petioled :  calyx  14-17 
mm.  long;  lobes  lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate:  petioles  yellow, 
2.5-3  cm.  long:  capsules  globular  to  ovoid,  8-10  mm.  long. 

Hammocks  and  waste  places,  Key  West.    Nat.  of  Trop.  Am.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

Order  OPUNTIALES. 

Succulent,  typically  spine-armed,  herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  mainly 
leafless  or  essentially  so,  or  leafy  rigid  herbs,  with  more  or  less  specialized 
hairs.  Flowers  perfect.  Hypanthium  present.  Calyx  of  4  or  5,  or  many, 
sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5,  or  many,  petals.  Androecium  of  usually  many 
stamens,  in  several  series  or  groups,  sometimes  partially  reduced  to 
staminodia.  Gynoecium  of  4,  or  2-several,  united  carpels.  Ovary  inferior. 
Fruit  baccate  or  capsular. 

FAMILY  1.     OPUNTIACEAE.     CACTUS  FAMILY. 

Succulent  plants,  typically  spine-armed,  and  often  with  cushions  of 
bristles  or  hairs  at  the  base  of  the  spines.  Leaves  mostly  wanting,  obso- 
lete, or  rudimentary. 

Plants  little,  if  at  all,  jointed :  leaves  none  or  obsolete :  areolae  without  bristles. 
Plants  prostrate,  reclining  or  climbing. 

Plants  reclining,  without  aerial  roots :  fruits  spiny.  1.  ACANTHOCBREUS. 

Plants  climbing,  with  aerial  roots  :  fruits  scaly.  2.   HYLOCEHEUS. 

Plants  erect,  the  stem  and  branches  columnar,  grooved. 
Style  exserted  :   berry  smooth  :   flowers  short-campanu- 

late  :  perianth  green-purple.  3.  CEPHALOCEKEUS. 

Style  included  :  berry  scaly  :  flowers  long-campanulate  : 

perianth  white.  4.  HARBISIA. 

Plants   conspicuously   jointed :    leaves   present   on   the   young 

joints  :  areolae  with  barbed  bristles.  5.  OPUNTIA. 

1.  ACANTHOCEBEUS  Britt.  &  Rose.  Plants  with  erect  or  reclining 
stems  and  branches,  the  3-6  angles  low,  the  areolae  remote,  with  several  spines 
and  short  wool.  Hypanthium  elongate,  with  spine-bearing  areolae.  Corolla 
large,  white,  the  petals,  like  the  sepals,  long  and  narrow.  Fruit  spiny. 

1.  A.  pentagonus  (L.)  Britt.  &  Rose.  Stems  and  branches  sometimes  8  m. 
long,  the  joints  various,  a  3-angled  one  often  arising  from  a  5-angled  one, 
deep-green:  spines  5-8,  the  radial  bristle-like  or  subulate,  brittle,  the  central 
one  1-2  cm.  long:  corolla  white,  9-12  cm.  broad:  fruits  oval,  6-9  cm.  long, 
deep-red,  spiny.  [Cereus  baxaniensis  Karw.] 

Hammocks  and  sand-dunes,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

Shrubs  of  Florida — 6. 


82  OPUNTIACEAE. 

2.  HYLOCEREUS   Britt.    &    Eose.       Plants   with    climbing    prominently 
3-angled  or  3-winged  stems  and  branches,  the  areolae  remote,  with  several  short 
spines  and  short  wool.     Hypanthium  elongate,  with  succulent  scales.     Corolla 
very  large,  white,  the  petals,  like  the  sepals,  long  and  narrow.    Fruit  scaly. 

1.  H.  tricostatus   (Gosselin)   Britt.  &  Eose.     Stem  and  branches  stout,  often 
8-12  cm.  thick,  bright-green,  commonly  high-climbing:   areolae  remote:   spines 
3-5,  rigid,  dark,  usually  2-4  mm.  long:  corolla  about  2  dm.  wide:  fruits  ovoid, 
8-10  cm.  long,  scarlet,  the  scales  flat. — NIGHTBLOOMING-CEREUS. 
Hammocks,  s.  pen.  Pla.  and  the  F.  Keys.    Nat.  of  Mexico.     (W.  I.) 

3.  CEPHALOCEREUS  Pfeiff.     Plants  fleshy  with  ribbed  usually  branched 
stems,  the  upper  areolae  usually  developing  wool.     Leaves  obsolete.     Flowers 
nocturnal,  relatively  small,  one  from  an   areolae.     Hypanthium  short,  funnel- 
form,  with  few  scales.     Sepals  and  petals  fleshy.     Ovary  globular,   spineless, 
sometimes  with  few  scales.     Fruits  fleshy,  relatively  small,- globular  or  depressed. 
Seeds  reticulate,  shining. 

1.  C.  keyensis  Britt.  &  Eose.  Stem  and  branches  erect  or  nearly  so,  becoming 
5  or  6  m.  tall,  glaucous,  the  9  or  10  ribs  separated  by  deep  grooves:  areolae 
1-2  cm.  apart,  slightly  elevated :  spines  acicular,  about  15,  yellow,  15  mm.  long, 
or  less:  flowers  brownish  purple,  about  6  cm.  long,  garlic-scented  when  opening 
in  the  late  afternoon  or  evening:  sepals  oblong-spatulate,  blunt-tipped:  petals 
acutish:  fruits  spheroidal,  about  3.5  cm.  thick,  reddish. 
Hammocks,  Key  West.  (Endemic.) 

4.  HAKRISIA   Britton.      Plants   fleshy   with   cylindric   stems   and   fluted 
branches,  the  shallow  grooves  with  frequent  areolae  each  of  which  supports 
several  slender  spines.     Leaves  obsolete.     Flowers  nocturnal,  relatively  large, 
borne  near  the  ends  of  the  branches.     Hypanthium  cylindric,  spineless,  scaly. 
Sepals  colored.     Petals  white.     Fruits  fleshy,  globose  to  ovoid,  spineless,  but 
scaly.    Seeds  small,  often  black. 

1.  H.  Brookii  Britton.  Stem  and  branches  reclining  or  climbing,  sometimes  5 
m.  tall,  prominently  10-ribbed:  areolae  about  2  cm.  apart:  spines  9-12,  the 
longer  ones  2-2.5  cm.  long:  fruits  ellipsoid,  rounded  at  both  ends,  about  8  cm. 
long,  yellowish,  the  tubercles  with  tips  about  1.5  mm.  high,  becoming  smooth. 
Coastal  hammocks,  s.  pen.  Pla.  and  the  F.  Keys.  (W.  I.) 

5.  OPUNTIA  [Tourn.]  Mill.    Plants  conspicuously  jointed,  with  separated 
usually  spine-bearing  areolae.     Flowers  arising  from  the  areolae.     Style  cylin- 
dric.    Fruits  fleshy  or  dry. — PRICKLY-PEAR. 

Joints  firmly  attached  to  each  other :  flowers  large :  corolla  5  cm.  wide  or  more. 
Plants  prostrate  or  diffusely  branched. 

Plants  prostrate  :  roots  fibrous.  1.  O.  Opuntia. 

Plants  diffuse :  roots  tuber-bearing.  2.  O.  austrina. 

Plants  erect,  bushy-branched. 

Spines  copious  :  corolla  yellow.  3.   O.  Dillenil. 

Spines  none  or  imperfectly  developed :  corolla  salmon  or 

sometimes  yellow.  4.  O.  inermis. 

Joints  readily  separating  when  shocked  :  flowers  small :  corolla  4 

cm.  wide  or  less.  5.  O.  Pes-Corvi. 

1.  O.  Opuntia  (L.)  Coulter.  Stems  prostrate  from  fibrous  roots,  the  joints 
orbicular  to  obovate,  pale  or  light  green,  5-10  cm.  long,  bearing  thick  leaves 
4-5  mm.  long:  bristle-cushions  rather  remote,  usually  unarmed:  bristles  few, 
yellowish  green:  spines  few,  when  present  solitary,  less  than  2.5  cm.  long, 
variegated:  flowers  pale  yellow,  5-6  cm.  broad:  fruits  obovoid  or  clavate- 


DAPHNACEAE.  83 

obovoid,  2-3  em.  long:   seeds  4  mm.  t^ide  or  less,  thick-margined.      \0.  vul- 
garis  Mill.] 

Sandy  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  O.  austrina  Small.     Stems  woody  at  the  base,  the  roots  tuber-bearing,  the 
joints  broadly  obovate  or  orbicular-obovate,  deep-green,  5-11  cm.  long,  or  rarely 
somewhat  longer,  the  early  deciduous  leaves  mostly  less  than  10  mm.  long: 
spines  mainly  above  the  middle  of  the  joints  and  near  the  edge,  usually  2 
together  but   one   of  them  very  small   or   deciduous,  whitish   or  pinkish,   and 
reddish  near  the  base  and  apex,  twisted:  flowers  bright-yellow,  6-7  cm.  broad: 
petals  cuneate,  truncate  or  retuse  at  the  slightly  eroded  tip,  and  mucronate: 
fruits  2.5-3  cm.  long. 

Pinelands  and  coastal  sand-dunes,  s.  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

3.  O.  Dillenii  (Ker.)  Haw.     Stems  erect,  9-12  dm.  tall,  proliferous,  the  joints 
oval    or    elliptic,    10-20    cm.    long:    areolae    remote    above,    with    clusters    of 
4-6  short  rigid  or  subulate  yellow  spines,  varying  from  very  short  to  3.5  cm. 
in    length:    flowers    bright-yellow,    showy,    7.5-10    cm.    broad:     fruits    rather 
pear-shaped,  5-6  cm.  long,  edible.     [0.  Tuna,  Chapm.    Not  Mill.] 

Hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

4.  O.  inennis  DC.     Stems  erect,  12-18  dm.  tall,  proliferous:  the  joints  thick, 
obovate  to  elliptic,  10-15  cm.  long,  with  the  cushions  of  bristles  immersed, 
spineless   or   sometimes   with   a   very   short   spine:    flowers   salmon   or   yellow, 
7.5-10  cm.  broad:   fruits  obovoid,  bristly,  5-6  cm.  long,  edible,  the  pulp  red. 
[0.  Ficus-Indica  Chapm.     Not  Mill.] 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (Endemic.) 

5.  O.  Pes-Corvi  LeConte.    Stems  prostrate  or  diffusely  spreading,  3-7  dm.  long, 
the  joints  narrowly  ovoid  to  obovoid,  nearly  terete,  2.5-7.5  cm.  long,  light  green, 
loosely  attached  to  each  other :  bristle-cushions  quite  numerous,  the  upper  ones 
armed,  the  bristles  pale:   spines  slender,  solitary  or  2-3  together,  straight,  2.5- 
3.5  cm.  long,  often  flattened  at  the  base  and  twisted:  flowers  yellow,  3.5-4  cm. 
broad:    fruits  obovoid,  12-15  mm.  long,  rose-purple,  bristly:    seeds  often  4-5 
mm.  long,  with  an  obtuse  margin.     [  ?0.  Drummondii  Graham.] 

Sandy  woods  and  ridges,  mostly  near  the  coast,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

Order  THYMELEALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  partially  herbaceous  plants.  Leaves  opposite  or 
alternate,  the  blades  simple,  rarely  mere  scales,  or  obsolete.  Flowers 
perfect,  polygamous,  or  dioecious,  regular  or  nearly  so.  Calyx  of  5  or 
fewer  sepals.  Corolla  wanting  (in  our  species).  Androecium  of  as  many 
stamens  as  there  are  sepals  or  of  twice  as  many.  Anthers  opening  by  slits 
or  hinged  valves.  Gynoecium  a  single  carpel.  Ovary  inferior.  Ovules 
mostly  solitary.  Fruit  usually  baccate  or  drupaceous. 

Anthers  opening  by  silts  :  calyx  obscurely  lobed.  Fam.  1.  DAPHNACEAE. 

Anthers  opening  by  valves  :  calyx  deeply  lobed.  Fam.  2.  LAURACEAE. 

FAMILY  1.    DAPHNACEAE.    MEZEREON  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  rarely  herbs,  often  pubescent.  Leaves  opposite 
or  alternate:  blades  entire.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  sepals,  sometimes  with  4  or 
5  scales  within.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals  or 
twice  as  many.  Gynoecium  seated  in  the  bottom  of  the  hypanthium. 
Style  usually  eccentric. 


84  LAURACEAE. 

1.  DIRCA  L.  Shrubs.  Leaves  alternate.  Flowers  appearing  before  the 
leaves.  Sepals  usually  shorter  than  the  hypanthium.  Filaments  slender.  Ovary 
1-celled:  style  filiform.  Drupe  slightly  elongate. 

1.  D.  palustris  L.     Shrub  0.5-2  m.  tall:   leaf -blades  oval  or  obovate,  4-8  cm. 
long:  flowers  lemon-yellow:  hypanthium  7-8  mm.  long:  sepals  very  short:  drupe 
oval,  7-9  mm.  long,  red. — LEATHERWOOD.     MOOSE-WOOD. 
Woods  and  along  streams,  m.  and  w.  Fla.     (Cent.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  2.    LAURACEAE.     LAUREL  FAMILY. 

Aromatic  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite :  blades  entire 
or  lobed.  Flowers  in  open  or  congested  cymes.  Calyx  of  5  (or  rarely 
4-10)  sepals  in  2  series.  Corolla  wanting.  Androecium  of  usually  more 
stamens  than  there  are  sepals,  in  2-4  series,  those  of  the  third  series 
usually  glandular-appendaged,  those  of  the  fourth  series  mostly  mere 
staminodia.  Gynoecium  a  single  carpel.  Ovary  1-celled.  Fruit  drupaceous. 

Flowers  mostly  perfect :  stamens  12,  the  3  inner  staminodia  :  leaves  persistent. 

Leaf-blades  several-ribbed.  1.  CAMPHORA. 

Leaf-blades  pinnately  veined. 

Calyx  persistent :  fruit  seated  on  the  calyx.  2.  TAMALA. 

Calyx  deciduous  :  fruit  seated  on  the  hypanthium.  3.  OCOTEA. 

Flowers  mostly  dioecious  :  stamens  9  :  leaves  deciduous. 

Anthers    4-celled,    4-valved :    flowers    in    involucrate    umbel-like 

cymes.  4.  GLABEAEIA. 

Anthers  2-celled,  2-valved  :  flowers  in  umbel-like  or  cluster-like 

cymes.  5.  BENZOIN. 

1.  CAMPHOEA    [Gronov.]    L.      Trees   or   shrubs.     Leaves   alternate    or 
opposite,  persistent:  blades  entire.    Flowers  in  panicled  axillary  cymes.     Style 
slender.    Stigma  minute.    Drupe  equilateral,  as  broad  as  long,  or  nearly  so. 

1.  C.  Cam.ph.ora  (L.)  Karst.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  elliptic  to 
ovate,  4-12  cm.  long,  short-acuminate,  pale  beneath,  long-petioled :  panicles 
slender-peduncled :  sepals  1-1.5  mm.  long:  drupes  globose  to  oval-globose,  6-9 
mm.  in  diameter. — CAMPHOR-TREE. 

Woods  and  thickets,  pen.  Fla.     Nat.  of  China  and  Japan.     (W.  I.) 

2.  TAMALA  Eaf.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  alternate,  persistent:  blades 
entire.     Flowers    in    axillary   peduncled    cymes.     Sepals    6,    dissimilar.     Style 
long-columnar:  stigma  capitate.     Drupe  equilateral. — Spr. 

Peduncles,  pedicels  and  petioles  glabrous  or  appressed-pubescent :  fruit  over  1  cm. 

thick. 
Leaf-blades  glabrous  or  nearly  so,  except  sometimes  the  nerves 

beneath.  1.  T.  HttoraUs. 

Leaf-blades  lustrous-pubescent  beneath.  2.  T.  humilis. 

Peduncles,  pedicels  and  petioles  tomentose :  fruit  less  than  1  cm. 

thick.  3.  T.  pubescens. 

1.  T.  littoralis  Small.     Shrub   or  tree:    ieaf -blades  elliptic   or  oblong-elliptic, 
2-5.5  cm.  long,  mostly  obtuse  at  the  apex,  bright-green  and  lustrous  above, 
pale   and   glabrous  beneath,   not   reticulate,   the   lateral  veins   inconspicuous: 
fruits    globular,    12-14   mm.   long,    purple-black   under   the    bloom.      [Persea 
littoralis  Small.] — SHORE-BAY. 

Coastal  hammocks,  lower  e.  coast.     (Endemic.) 

2.  T.   humilis    (Nash)    Small.      Shrub    or   small   tree,   the   twigSj   lower    leaf- 
surfaces  and  the  inflorescence  silky-pubescent:   leaf-blades  elliptic  or  oblong, 
4-10  cm.  long,  more  or  less  revolute,   glabrous  and  shining  above,  lustrous 
beneath:   sepals  erect,  obtuse,  the  inner  oblong,  5  mm.  long:   fruits  globular, 
about  1.5  cm.  long,  purplish-black  under  the  bloom.     [Persea  humilis  Nash.] — 
SILK-BAY. 

Scrublands,  cent.  pen.  Fla.      (Endemic.) 


LAUEACEAE.  85 

3.  T.  pubescens  (Pursh)  Small.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  twigs,  lower  leaf- 
surfaces  and  inflorescence  tomentose:  leaf -blades  narrowly  elliptic  or  elliptic- 
lanceolate,  or  rarely  oval,  5-20  cm.  long,  usually  obtuse,  often  acuminate  at 
the  apex,  slightly  revolute:  sepals  erect,  aeutish,  the  inner  oblong-oboyate, 
about  twice  as  long  as  the  outer:  fruits  oval,  8-11  mm.  long,  dark-blue  with  a 
thin  bloom.  [Persea  pubescens  (Pursh)  Sarg.] — SWAMP-BAY.  SWAMP  BED-BAY. 
Hammocks  and  swamps,  nearly  throughout  Fla.  (Cont.,  W.  I.)  ^ 

3.  OCOTEA  Aubl.     Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaves  alternate,  persistent :  blades 
entire.     Flowers  in  panicled  cymes.     Sepals  6,  nearly  similar,  somewhat  elon- 
gate, spreading.     Style  cylindric:  stigma  capitate.    Drupe  somewhat  elongate, 
seated  in  the  cup-like  hypanthium  from  which  the  calyx  has  fallen  away. 

1.  O.  Catesbyana  (Michx.)  Sarg.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaf -blades  narrowly 
elliptic  or  elliptic-lanceolate,  5-12  cm.  long,  lustrous  above  r  calyx  creamy- 
white,  8-9  mm.  broad;  sepals  obtuse:  drupes  subglobose  or  oval,  10-15  mm. 
long,  dark-blue  or  black,  seated  in  the  red  or  yellow  hypanthium. — LANCEWOOD. 
Hammocks,  lower  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.  (W.  I.) — Winter-spr. 

4.  GLABRARIA  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaves  alternate  (ours  deciduous) : 
blades  entire.     Flowers  in  clustered  umbel-like  involucrate  cymes.     Style  subu- 
late.   Drupe  (ours)  subglobose.     [Halapoena  Adans.] 

1.  G.  geniculata  (Walt.)  Britton.     A  spreading  shrub  2-3  m.  tall,  with  zigzag 
branches:   leaf -blades  oblong  to  elliptic,  1.5-6  cm.  long:  flowers  2-4  together: 
sepals  yellow,  2-3  mm.  long:  drupes  5-6  mm.  in  diameter,  red. — POND-SPICE. 
Ponds,  n.  Fla.     (Con*.) — Winter-spr. 

5.  BENZOIN  Fabr.     Shrubs  or  trees,  strong-scented.     Leaves   alternate, 
deciduous:   blades  entire.     Flowers  in  sessile  cluster-like  or  umbel-like  cymes. 
Style  slender-columnar.     Drupes  somewhat  elongate. — Spr. 

Leaf-blades  rounded  or  cordate  at  the  base,  stout-petioled.  1.  B.  melissaefolium, 

Leaf-blades  narrowed  at  the  base,  slender-petioled.  2.  B.  aestivale. 

1.  B.  melissaefolium  (Walt.)  Nees.     Shrub  3-10  dm.  tall,  the  branches  pubes- 
cent:  leaf -blades  quite  firm,  oblong  or  ovate-oblong,   3-12   cm.  long,  aeutish, 
usually  short-acuminate,  more  or  less  densely  pubescent  on  both  sides,  rounded 
or  cordate  at  the  base:  flowers  yellow,  in  dense  lateral  clusters,  appearing  be- 
fore the  leaves:  pedicels  equalling  the  sepals  or  longer:  sepals  thin,  1-1.5  mm. 
long:  drupe  obovoid,  nearly  1  cm.  long. 

About  ponds  and  swamps,  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  B.  aestivale   (L.)  Nees.     Shrub  1-3  m.  tall,  the  branches  often  glabrous: 
leaf -blades  obovate,  oval  or  elliptic,  5-12  cm.  long,  thin,  obtuse  or  usually  short- 
acuminate  and  acute  at  the  apex,  often  slightly  ciliate,  acute  or  acuminate  at 
the  base,  deep  green  and  glabrous  above,  pale  or  glaucescent  and  glabrous  or 
sparingly  pubescent  beneath:  flowers  yellow,  in  dense  clusters  appearing  before 
the   leaves,   6-8  mm.   broad:    pedicels  3-5   em.   long:    sepals   thin,   obovate   or 
oblong,  obtuse,  truncate  or  retuse  at  the  apex:   drupe  oval,  about  1  cm.  long. 
[Lindera  Benzoin  (L.)  Blume.]— SPICE-BUSH.    BENJAMIN-BUSH. 

Swamps  and  stream-banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

Order  MYRTALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  sometimes  aquatic  or  amphibious.  Leaves 
alternate  or  opposite.  Flowers  regular  or  irregular,  complete  or  much 
reduced.  Hypanthium  merely  enclosing  the  ovary  or  adnate  to  it.  Androe- 
cium  of  few  or  many  stamens:  anthers  opening  by  slits  or  pores.  Gynoe- 
cium  1-several-carpellary.  Fruit  capsular,  baccate,  or  achene-like. 


83  LYTHRACEAE. 

Anthers  opening  by  pores.  Fam.  1.  MELASTOMACEAE. 

Anthers  opening  by  longitudinal  valves. 

Hypanthium  merely  enclosing  the  ovary.  Fam.  2.  LYTHRACEAE. 

Hypanthium  adnate  to  the  ovary  or  mainly  so. 
Cotyledons  spirally  convolute  in  the  embryo. 
Ovary   several-celled :    ovules   numerous,   not 

pendulous.  Fam.  3.  PUNICACEAE. 

Ovary  1-celled :  ovules  2-5,  pendulous.  Fam.  4.  TERMINALIACEAE. 

Cotyledons  not  spirally  convolute. 

Sepals  imbricated  or  united  and  the  calyx  fall- 
ing away  as  a  cap  :  leaves  without  stipules.         Fam.  5.  MTRTACEAE. 
Sepals  valvate :   leaves  with   stipules.  Fam.  6.  RHIZOPHORACEAE. 

FAMILY  1.    MELASTOMACEAE.     MEADOW-BEAUTY  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite :  blades  with  3-several  ribs. 
Flowers  perfect.  Calyx  of  3-6  sepals  surmounting  the  hypanthium. 
Corolla  of  3-6  oblique  petals.  Androecium  of  6-12  stamens,  those  opposite 
the  petals  sometimes  abortive.  Gynoecium  of  3-5  united  carpels.  Ovary 
enclosed  in  or  adnate  to  the  hypanthium.  Fruit  baccate  or  capsular. 

1.  TETRAZYGIA  L.  C.  Eich.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  3-5-ribbed, 
mostly  scurfy  or  tomentose  beneath.  Sepals,  and  petals,  4  or  5.  Ovary  4-  or 
5-celled.  Berry  included,  the  hypanthium-neck  short. 

1.  T.  bicolor  (Mill.)  Cogn.  Shrub  or  small  tree  with  scaly  bark:  leaf -blades 
lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate,  8-20  cm.  long,  silvery  beneath,  stout-petioled : 
panicle  1-2  dm.  long:  calyx  about  1  mm.  long:  petals  white,  7-8  mm.  long, 
cuneate:  anthers  lanceolate,  5-6  mm.  long:  berries  purple  or  black,  the  body 
8-10  mm.  long. — TETRAZYGIA. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  E.  Keys.     (W.  I.) — Winter-spr. 
I 

FAMILY  2.    LYTHRACEAE.    LOOSESTRIFE  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  mostly  opposite:  blades  usually 
entire.  Flowers  perfect.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  sepals,  commonly  accompanied 
by  accessory  teeth.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of 
few  or  many  stamens :  anthers  versatile.  Gynoecium  of  mostly  2-6  united 
carpels.  Ovary  2-6-celled,  or  rarely  1-celled,  free  from  the  hypanthium. 
Fruit  a  capsule,  included  in  the  hypanthium. 

Flowers  in  terminal  panicles :  stamens  numerous.  1.  LAGERSTROEMIA. 

Flowers  in  axillary  cymes  :  stamens  8  or  10.  2.  DECODON. 

1.  LAGERSTROEMIA  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  persistent:    blades 
short.     Flowers  in  terminal  panicles.     Sepals  6.     Petals  6,  the  blades  crisped. 
Stamens  numerous.     Capsule  loculieidally  3-6-valved. 

1.  L.  indica  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  obovate  or  oval,  1-2.5  cm. 
long,  entire:  sepals  shorter  than  the  hypanthium:  petals  purple,  pink,  or 
nearly  white,  the  blades  crisped:  capsules  oval-globose,  8-9  mm.  long. — CRAPE- 
MYRTLE. 

Fields  and  roadsides,  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  s.  part.  Nat.  of  the  E.  Indies. 
(Cont.,  W.  I.) — Spr.-sum. 

2.  DECODON   J.   F.   Gmel.     Aquatic  shrubs.     Leaves   deciduous:    blades 
entire,  somewhat  elongate.     Flowers  in  axillary  peduncled  cymes.     Sepals  5-7, 
alternating  and  small  teeth.     Petals  5-7.     Stamens  10  or  rarely  8,  alternating 
short  and  long,  the  longer  exserted.     Capsule  loculieidally  3-6-valved. 

1.  D,  verticillatus  (L.)  Ell.  Stems  arching,  mostly  4-16  dm.  long:  leaf -blades 
lanceolate  or  elliptic-lanceolate,  3-20  cm.  long:  sepals  acuminate:  petals  purple, 


MYRTACEAE.  87 

lanceolate  to  ovate,  7-9  mm.  long:  capsules  about  5  mm.  in  diameter. — SWAMP 

LOOSE-STRIFE. 

Swamps  and  ponds,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr.-sum. 

FAMILY  3.    PUNICACEAE.    POMEGRANATE  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite  or  nearly  so,  persistent:  blades 
simple.  Flowers  perfect,  solitary  or  in  short-peduncled  axillary  clusters. 
Hypanthium  leathery.  Calyx  of  5-7  sepals.  Corolla  of  5-7  wrinkled 
petals.  Androecium  of  numerous  stamens  in  several  series:  anthers 
versatile.  Gynoecium  of  several  united  carpels.  Ovary  inferior.  Fruit 
a  several-celled  berry  crowned  with  the  calyx,  the  seeds  in  a  watery  pulp. 

1.  PUNIC  A  [Tourn.]  L.  Leaf -blades  entire.  Flowers  showy.  Sepals 
persistent  on  the  fruit.  Petals  deciduous.  Berry  pendulous. 

1.  P.  Granatum  L.  Small  tree  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  oval,  elliptic,  or  oblong, 
varying  to  broadest  above  or  below  the  middle,  1-8  cm.  long:  sepals  triangular 
to  triangular-lanceolate:  petals  scarlet,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long:  berries  subglobose  or 
spheroidal,  5-10  cm.  in  diameter. — POMEGRANATE. 

Woods  and  waste  places,  nearly  throughout  Fla.    Nat.  of  s.  Eu.     (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  4.     TERMINALIACEAE.     WHITE-MANGROVE  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  woody  vines.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite :  blades 
simple,  leathery.  Flowers  often  apetalous,  regular,  perfect  or  polygamous, 
racemose  or  capitate.  Calyx  of  4-5  valvate  deciduous  or  rarely  persistent 
sepals.  Corolla  of  4—5  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  twice,  or 
rarely  thrice,  as  many  stamens  as  the  sepals.  Filaments  distinct.  Gynoe- 
cium a  single  carpel.  Ovary  1-celled.  Style  terminal.  Stigma  entire  or 
nearly  so.  Fruit  drupaceous  or  berry-like,  indehiscent,  often  crowned 
with  the  accrescent  calyx. 

Sepals  deciduous  :  corolla  wanting.  1.  CONOCAHPDS. 

Sepals  persistent :  corolla  present.  2.  LAGONCULAHIA. 

1.  CONOCARPUS  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  alternate.     Flowers  per- 
fect,  in   spieate   or   panicled   heads.     Hypanthium   not   ribbed.     Stamens   5. 
Fruit  capitate. 

1.  0.  erecta  L.  Shrub,  or  tree  sometimes  20  m.  tall,  with  glabrous  or  fine-silky 
foliage:  leaf -blades  elliptic  to  oval,  2-5  cm.  long,  entire:  heads  9-14  mm.  in 
diameter  at  maturity:  drupes  2-winged,  4-7  mm.  long. — BUTTONWOOD. 

Coastal  hammocks  and  sandy  shores,  pen.  Fla.,  and  on  the  B.  Keys  and  F. 
Keys.  (W.  I.) 

2.  LAGUNCULABIA  Gaertn.    Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaves  opposite.    Flowers 
polygamous,  in  simple  or  branched  spikes.    Hypanthium  ribbed.    Petals  mostly 
shorter  than  the  sepals.     Stamens  10.    Fruit  spieate  or  paniculate. 

1.  L.  racemosa  Gaertn.  f.  Shrub,  or  tree  sometimes  20  m.  tall:  leaf -blades 
oblong,  varying  to  oval  or  obovate,  2-5  cm.  long,  entire:  spikes  3-6  cm.  long: 
drapes  oblong-obovoid,  2  cm.  long.— WHITE-MANGROVE.  WHITE-BUTTONWOOD. 

Sandy  shores  and  coastal  hammocks,  pen.  Fla.,  and  on  the  E.  Keys  and  F. 
Keys.  (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  5.    MYRTACEAE.    MYRTLE  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  rarely  herbs,  abounding  in  pungent  and  aromatic 
volatile  oil.  Leaves  opposite,  or  rarely  alternate  or  whorled :  blades  often 


88  MYBTACEAE. 

simple,  pellucid-punctate,  flat,  terete  or  semiterete,  often  with  nerves 
parallel  with  the  margins.  Flowers  perfect,  regular.  Calyx  of  4  or  5,  or 
many,  valvate  or  imbricate,  persistent  sepals,  or  cap-like  and  deciduous. 
Petals  borne  on  the  margin  of  a  hypanthium  or  wanting.  Androechun  of 
numerous  stamens,  or  very  rarely  of  as  many  as  the  sepals.  Gynoecium 
compound.  Ovary  inferior  or  partly  so,  1-many-celled.  Styles  united. 
Fruit  sometimes  dehiscent,  often  crowned  with  the  calyx. 

Calyx  of  several  persistent  valvate  sepals  :  petals  present. 
Calyx  of  regularly  separating  sepals. 

Inflorescence  centripetal :   flowers   in   raceme-like,   umbel- 
like  or  contracted  clusters.  1.  EUGENIA. 
Inflorescence  centrifugal :  flowers  in  cymes.  2.  ANAMOMIS. 
Calyx  of  irregulary  separating  sepals.                                           3.  PSIDIUM. 
Calyx  lid-like,  deciduous :   petals  wanting.                                        4.  CALYPTBANTHES. 

1.  EUGENIA  [Mich.]  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf -blades  not  prominently 
ribbed.     Flower-clusters  short-peduncled  or  sessile.     Berry  crowned  with  the 
persistent  calyx.     Seeds  1-4.  — STOPPER. 

Leaf-blades  broadest  below  the  middle :  fruit  broader  than  long.  1.  E.  "buxifolia. 

Leaf-blades  broadest  above  the  middle  :  fruit  longer  than  broad.  2.  E.  axillaris. 

1.  E.  buxifolia  (Sw.)  Willd.     Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  bark  scaly:  leaf-blades 
cuneate  to   nearly   oblong,   2-4   cm.   long,  much   paler   beneath  than   above: 
corolla  4-5  mm.  broad;  petals  longer  than  wide:   fruits  oval  or  oblong  oval, 
6-7  mm.  broad,  black. — SPANISH-STOPPER. 

Coastal  hammocks  of  lower  pen.  Fla.  and  further  n.  on  the  eastern  coast,  and 
in  the  hammocks  of  the  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.      (W.  I.) — Sum. 

2.  E.  axillaris  (Sw.)  Willd.     Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  bark  scaly:   leaf -blades 
elliptic-ovate  to  nearly  elliptic,  3-5  cm.  long,  slightly  paler  beneath  than  above : 
corolla  5-6  mm.  broad;  petals  mostly  wider  than  long:  fruits  spheroidal,  10-12 
mm.  broad,  black. — WHITE-STOPPER. 

Coastal  hammocks  of  the  lower  eastern  coast,  and  those  of  the  E.  Keys  and  F. 
Keys.     (W.  I.) — Sum. 

2.  ANAMOMIS  Griseb.    Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaf -blades  not  ribbed.     Cymes 
sessile  or  long-peduncled,  sometimes  1-flowered.     Berry  crowned  with  the  per- 
sistent calyx.     Seeds  1  or  2  or  many. 

Cymes  markedly  peduncled  and  several-flowered :  seapls  suborbicular   or  reniform  : 

petals  3-4  mm.  long :  seeds  1  or  2,   large.  1.  A.  dicrana. 

Cymes  usually  sessile  and  1-flowered :  sepals  oblong  to  ovate : 

petals  6-8  mm.  long :  seeds  numerous,  small. 

Petals  4-5  mm.  long :  calyx  less  than  1  cm.  wide.  2.  A.  longipes. 

Petals  6-7  mm.  long :  calyx  over  1  cm.  wide.  3.  A.  bahamensis. 

1.  A.  dicrana  (Berg)  Britton.     Shrub,  or  small  tree  becoming  8  m.  tall:  leaf- 
blades  oblong  to  cuneate  or  obovate-cuneate,  2-4  cm.  long:  terminal  flowers  of 
each  cyme  sessile:  corolla  8-9  mm.  wide;  petals  white,  fully  twice  as  long  as 
the  sepals:  fruits  6-7  mm.  in  diameter:  seeds  dull. — NAKED-STOPPER. 

Hammocks,  coastal  region  of  lower  pen.  Fla.  and  further  n.  on  the  eastern  coast, 
and  on  the  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.I.) 

2.  A.  longipes  (Berg)  Britton.     Shrub  or  small  tree,  with  prostrate-diffuse  or 
sometimes  erect  stems:  leaf -blades  mainly  ovate  or  oval,  1-3.5  cm.  long,  finely 
reticulate:    terminal   flower   of   each   cyme   long-stalked:    corolla    12-14   mm. 
wide;   petals  white  or  pink,  much  longer  than  the  sepals:   fruits  6-9  mm.  in 
diameter. — LONG-STALKED  STOPPER. 

Pinelands  and  about  hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  A.  bahamensis  (Kiaersk.)  Britton.     Shrub  with  diffuse  branches  or  a  small 
tree:  leaf -blades  orbicular,  oval,  or  elliptic,  or  somewhat  ovate,  mostly  2-4  cm. 


EHIZOPHOEACEAE.  89 

long,  very  thick,   shining  above,   obscurely   reticulate  beneath:    peduncles   and 
pedicels  strongly  flattened:  corolla  about  1.5  cm.  wide;  petals  white  or  nearly 
so:  fruits  about  1  cm.  in  diameter.     [Eugenia  bahamensis  Kiaersk.] 
Pinelands,  Big  Pine  Key.     (W.  I.) 

3.  PSIDIUM  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  prominently  many-ribbed. 
Flowers  solitary  or  few  together.     Fruit  crowned  with  the  persistent  calyx. 
Seeds  very  numerous. 

1.  P.  Guajava  Kaddi.  Tree  sometimes  8  m.  tall,  with  roughish  bark,  or  a 
shrub:  leaf -blades  oblong  or  nearly  so,  4-8  cm.  long,  pubescent  beneath:  sepals 
9-15  mm.  long:  petals  15-20  mm.  long:  berries  globular  or  pyriform,  3-6  cm. 
in  diameter. — GUAVA. 

Hammocks,  pinelands,  thickets,  and  fields,  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

4.  CALYPTRANTHES  Sw.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  not  ribbed. 
Flowers  in  terminal  panicles.     Calyx  cap-like,  deciduous.    Berry  crowned  with 
the  top  of  the  hypanthium.    Seeds  1  or  2. 

Calyx-lid  not  mammillate.  hypanthium  pubescent :  leaf-blades  manifestly  petloled. 

1.  C.  pollens. 
Calyx-lid  mammillate  :  hypanthium  glabrous :  leaf-blades  sessile  or 

nearly  so.  2.  O.  Zuzygium. 

1.  C.  pallens  (Poir.)  Griseb.    Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  9  m.  tall,  the  bark  light- 
gray   or   nearly   white,   smooth   or  ultimately    scaly,   the    branchlets   2-edged: 
leaf-blades  elliptic  or  oval,  varying  to  broader  above  or  below  the  middle,  3-5 
cm.  long,  or  rarely  larger,  mostly  short-acuminate,  pubescent  beneath,  at  least 
when  young,  manifestly  petioled:   inflorescence  pubescent:  hypanthium  about 
2  mm.  wide  during  anthesis:  calyx  pubescent,  less  than  2  mm.  in  diameter: 
fruits  subglobose  or  oval,  5-7  mm.  in  diameter,  pubescent:  seeds  about  4  mm. 
long. — SPICEWOOD. 

Hammocks,  lower  eastern  coast,  and  on  the  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  C.  Zuzygium   (L.)   Sw.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  12  m.  tall,  the  bark  pale 
gray,  smooth,  the  branchlets  terete:  leaf -blades  oval  or  elliptic,  varying  to  ovate 
or  obovate,  4-6  cm.  long,  obtuse  or  abruptly  blunt-tipped,  glabrous,  sessile  or 
nearly    so :    inflorescence    glabrous :    hypanthium    about    4    mm.    wide    during 
anthesis:  calyx  glabrous  3.5-4  mm.  wide:  fruits  subglobose  or  spheroidal,  8-10 
mm.  in  diameter,  glabrous:  seeds  about  5  mm.  long. — MYRTLE-OF-THE-RIVER. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  6.    RHIZOPHORACEAE.    MANGROVE  FAMILY. 

Maritime  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  usually  opposite :  blades  entire  or 
toothed.  Flowers  perfect,  solitary  or  variously  clustered.  Calyx  of  3  or  4 
valvate  sepals.  Corolla  of  3  or  4  petals.  Androecium  of  twice,  or  thrice 
as  many  stamens  as  sepals,  or  of  4  times  as  many.  Gynoecium  of  2-5 
united  carpels.  Ovary  inferior,  at  least  partly  so.  Styles  united.  Fruit 
a  leathery  berry  crowned  with  or  surrounded  by  the  calyx. 

1.  RHIZOPHORA  L.  Evergreen  trees.  Leaf-blades  leathery,  entire. 
Flowers  2-several  in  peduncled  clusters.  Sepals  4,  leathery.  Petals  4,  leathery. 
Stamens  4-12.  Ovary  2-celled,  provided  with  a  fleshy  cone  at  maturity.  Fruits 
pendulous,  the  seed  germinating  and  sending  out  a  long  radicle  before  the 
fruits  fall. 

1.  R.  Mangle  L.  Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall,  with  pale  ultimately 
furrowed  bark,  forming  impenetrable  thickets  on  salt  and  brackish  shores: 


90  NYSSACEAE. 

leaf -blades  elliptic  to  elliptic-obovate,  5-15  em.  long:  sepals  lanceolate,  about 
10  mm.  long:  petals  pale  yellow,  linear  or  nearly  so:  fruits  2-3  cm.  long,  the 
radicle  becoming  several  dm.  long. — MANGROVE. 

Coasts  of  s.  pen.  Fla.,  and  on  the  shores  of  creeks  and  rivers  to  the  limit  of  salt 
or  brackish  water,  and  on  the  F.  Keys.  (W.  I.) 

Order  AMMIALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite:  blades 
simple  or  compound.  Flowers  perfect,  polygamous,  or  dioecious,  often 
borne  in  umbels.  Calyx  of  typically  5  small  sepals  surmounting  the 
hypanthium.  Corolla  typically  of  5  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of 
as  many  stamens  as  the  sepals.  Gynoecium  2-carpellary  or  rarely  several- 
1-carpellary.  Ovary  inferior.  Fruit  drupaceous  or  baccate,  or  dry  and 
then  a  cremocarp. 

Style  single :  leaves  opposite.  'Fam.  1.  NYSSACEAH. 

Styles  several :  leaves  alternate.  Fam.  2.  HEDEHACBAB. 

FAMILY  1.    NYSSACEAE.    DOGWOOD  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  or  rarely  partly  herbaceous  plants.  Leaves  opposite 
or  alternate:  blades  usually  entire.  Flowers  perfect  or  unisexual,  borne 
in  naked  or  involucrate  open  or  congested  cymes.  Calyx  of  mostly  4  or  5 
sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5,  or  rarely  more,  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium 
of  usually  as  many  stamens  as  the  sepals.  Gynoecium  of  1  or  of  2-4 
united  carpels.  Styles  united.  Fruit  mostly  a  drupe. 

Flowers  in  open  cymes,  not  subtended  by  an  involucre :  fruit  sur- 
mounted by  the  style.  1.  SVIDA. 

Flowers  in  a  head  subtended  by  a  large  involucre :  fruit  surmounted 

by  the  calyx.  2.  CYNOXYLO.V. 

1.  SVIDA  Opiz.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  opposite  or  rarely  alternate. 
Flowers   in  naked   corymb-like   cymes.     Sepals   4,   minute.     Petals   4,    white, 
spreading.     Stamens  4.     Drupe  globular  or  depressed. — Spr. — CORNEL. 

Leaves  glabrous.  1.  8.  stricta. 
Leaves  pubescent. 

Drupes  about  4  mm.  in  diameter ;  stone  longer  than  wide.  2.  S.  microcarpa. 

Drupes  6-8  mm.  in  diameter  ;  stone  wider  than  long.  3.  8.  Amomum. 

1.  S.  stricta   (Lam.)   Small.     Shrub,  or  small  tree  with  smoothish  bark:   leaf- 
blades  elliptic,  oval,  or  ovate,  4-12  cm.  long:   petals  linear-oblong  to  linear- 
lanceolate:  drupes  5-6  mm.  in  diameter,  pale-blue. 

Swamps,  n.  Fla.  and  adj.  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  S.  microcarpa  (Nash)  Small.     Shrub  with  brownish  twigs:  leaf -blades  oval 
or  elliptic,  3-9  cm.  long:   petals  ovate-lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceolate:    drupes 
about  4  mm.  in  diameter,  light-blue. 

Low  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Go.) 

3.  S.  Amomum  (Mill.)  Small.     Shrub  with  purple  twigs:  leaf -blades  lanceolate 
to  broadly  ovate,  3-13  cm.  long:  drupes  6-8  mm.  in  diameter,  pale-blue. 

Banks  of  streams,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  CYNOXTTLON  Eaf.     Trees.     Leaves  opposite.     Flowers  perfect,  borne 
in  involucrate  heads.     Sepals  4,  broadly  ovate  to  oblong.     Petals  4,  greenish 
or  yellow-green,  recurving.    Stamens  4.    Drupe  elongate.  —  DOGWOOD. 


CLETHRACEAE.  91 

1.  0.  floridum  (L.)  Baf.     Tree  sometimes  15  m.  tall,  with  rough  black  bark, 
or  shrub:  leaf-blades  elliptic  to  oval,  5-18  cm.  long,  pale  beneath:  involucral 
bracts  white  or  pink,  obovate,  4-6  cm.  long:  petals  linear,  3-4.5  mm.  ?ong: 
drupes  oblong  to  oval,  about  15  mm.  long,  red. — FLOWERING-DOGWOOD. 
Woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  2.    HEDERACEAE.    IVY  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  simple  or 
compound.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  often  umbellate.  Calyx  of  5 
sepals,  or  obsolete.  Corolla  of  5  or  10  petals.  Gynoecium  of  2-5  united 
carpels.  Styles  often  distinct.  Fruit  a  berry  or  a  drupe. 

1.  AEALIA  [Tourn.]  L.  Perennial  herbs,  or  shrubs  or  trees,  sometimes 
prickle-armed  or  spiny.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  pinnately  or  ternately  com- 
pound. Umbel  compound.  Ovary  mostly  5-celled.  Styles  distinct.  Fruit  black. 

1.  A.  spinosa  L.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  prickle-armed:  blades  of  the  leaflets 
leathery:  hypanthium  broad-turbinate :  petals  longer  than  the  hypanthium: 
berries  6-7  mm.  in  diameter :  seeds  about  4  mm.  long.  —  PRICKLY-ASH. 
HERCULES  '-CLUB. 

Rich  woods  and  swamps,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Sum. 

Series  2.     GAMOPETALAE. 

Petals  more  or  less  united,  or  occasionally  distinct,  or  very 
rarely  wanting. 

Order  ERICALES. 

Herbs,  undershrubs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  sometimes  humus-plants  or 
saprophytes.  Leaves  alternate,  often  evergreen:  blades  simple.  Flowers 
mainly  perfect  and  complete.  Calyx  of  2-8,  usually  5,  partially  united 
sepals.  Corolla  of  2-8,  usually  5,  mostly  united  petals.  Androecium  of  as 
many  or  twice  as  many  stamens  as  petals,  sometimes  partially  reduced  to 
staminodia:  filaments  mostly  free.  Gynoecium  of  several  united  carpels. 
Fruit  capsular,  baccate,  or  drupaceous. 

Gynoecium  with  a  superior  ovary :  fruit  capsular. 

Petals  distinct,  short :  pollen-grains  simple.  Fatn.  1.  CLETHRACEAE. 

Petals  more  or  less  united,  except  in  Bcjaria,  which  has 

long  petals  :  pollen-grains  compound.  Fam.  2.  ERICACEAE. 

Gynoecium  with  an  inferior  ovary  :  fruit  baccate  or  drupaceous.  Fam.  3.  VACCINIACEAE. 

FAMILY  1.     CLETHRACEAE.    WHITE-ALDER  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  pubescence  of  branched  hairs.  Leaves  deciduous : 
blades  mostly  toothed.  Flowers  in  racemes  or  panicles.  Calyx  of  5 
persistent  sepals.  Corolla  white,  of  5  distinct  petals.  Androecium  of  10 
stamens :  filaments  elongate :  anthers  inverted  in  anthesis.  Gynoecium  of  3 
united  carpels:  stigmas  3.  Fruit  a  3-valved  loculicidal  capsule. 

1.  CLETHBA  [Gronov.]  L.  Erect  shrubs  or  trees,  with  toothed  leaf -blades 
and  elongate  racemes  or  panicles. — Sum. — PEPPERBUSH.  WHITE-ALDER. 

Sepals  acute  :  leaf-blades  glabrous  beneath,  or  nearly  so.  1.  O.  alnifolia. 

Sepals  obtuse:  leaf-blades  tomentose  beneath.  2.  O.  tomentosa. 

1.  C.  alnifolia  L.  Shrub  1-3  m.  tall,  the  twigs  sparingly  pubescent :  leaf -blades 
obovate  or  cuneate,  3-8  cm.  long:  pedicels  1-3  mm.  long:  sepals  oblong  to 


92  EEICACEAE. 

lanceolate,  2.5-3  mm.  long:  petals  5-6  mm.  long:  capsules  subglobose,  2.5-3 
mm.  in  diameter,  erect. — SWEET-PEPPERBUSH. 

Moist  woods,  n.  Fla.      (Cont.) 

2.  C.  tomentosa  Lam.  Shrub  1-3  m.  tall,  the  twigs  tomentose:  leaf -blades 
obovate  to  narrowly  or  broadly  cuneate,  4-10  cm.  long:  pedicels  2-5  mm.  long: 
sepals  oval  or  ovate-oblong,  3-3.5  mm.  long:  petals  5-6  mm.  long:  capsules 
spheroidal,  4-4.5  mm.  in  diameter,  drooping. 

Swamps,  m.  and  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

FAMILY  2.    ERICACEAE.    HEATH  FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  undershrubs.  Leaves  often  persistent:  blades  com- 
monly leathery.  Flowers  typically  perfect.  Calyx  of  4-7  distinct  or 
partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  4-7  distinct  or  partially  united  petals, 
sometimes  slightly  2-lipped.  Androecium  of  as  many  or  twice  as  many 
stamens  as  there  are  petals:  anthers  opening  by  pores,  chinks  or  valves. 
Gynoecium  of  2-7  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  capsule. 

Erect,  diffuse  or  climbing  shrubs. 
Fruit  a  septicidal  capsule. 

Corolla  of  distinct  petals.  1.  BEJABIA. 

Corolla  of  partly  united  petals. 

Corolla    funnelform    or    campanulate :    anthers    not 

springing  from  sacs  in  the  corolla. 

Corolla  funnelform  ;  limb  2-lipped.  2.  AZALEA. 

Corolla  campanulate,  limb  scarcely  2-lipped.  3.  RHODODENDRON. 

Corolla  rotate :  anthers  springing  from  sacs  in  the 

corolla. 

Sepals   persistent :    capsule   spheroidal :    corolla- 
lobes  obtuse.  4.  KALMIA. 
Sepals    deciduous :    capsule    ovoid :    corolla-lobes 

acute.  5.  KALMIELLA. 

Fruit  a  loculicidal  capsule. 

Anther-sacs  opening  by  terminal  pores  or  chinks. 
Calyx-lobes  imbricate. 

Anther-sacs    awnless :     calyx    not    bracteolate : 

bracts  persistent.  6.  LECCOTHOE. 

Anther-sacs  awned  :   calyx  bibracteolate :   bracts 

deciduous.  7.  ECBOTRYS. 

Calyx-lobes  valvate. 

Anther-sacs    awned :    capsule-sutures    not    thick- 
ened. 
Calyx  several  times  exceeded  by  the  corolla  : 

capsule  prominently  lobed.  8.  ZEXOBIA. 

Calyx  about  %  as  long  as  the  corolla  :  capsule 

slightly  lobed.  9.  AMPEI.OTHAMXUS. 

Anther-sacs  awnless  :   capsule-sutures  thickened. 
Filaments  appendaged  :  corolla  about  twice  as 

long  as  the  calyx. 

Style    fusiform :    corolla    of    an    urceolate 
type :     leaf-blades    with     intramarginal 

veins  :   sepals  persistent.  10.  DESMOTHAMNUS. 

Style   columnar :   corolla  of  a   cylindrace- 
ous-campanulate  type  :  leaf-blades  with- 
out    intramarginal     veins :     sepals    de- 
ciduous. 11.  NEOPIERIS. 
Filaments     unappendaged :     corolla     several 

times  exceeding  the  calyx. 
Capsule    longer    than    thick,    prominently 
angled  :  lepidote  shrubs  with  persistent 
leaves:   flowers  in  axillary  clusters.         12.  XOLISMA. 
Capsule    depressed,    not    angled :     pubes- 
cent    shrubs    with     deciduous     leaves : 
flowers  in  panicled  racemes.  13.  ARSEXOCOCCUS. 

Anther-sacs  opening  lengthwise.  14.  OXYDEXDRON. 

Prostrate  shrub  with  creeping  branches.  15.  EPIGAEA. 

1.  BEJARIA  Mutis.  Evergreen  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  thick. 
Calyx-lobes  6-7.  Petals  broadened  upward.  Stamens  12-14:  anthers  with 
terminal  pores.  Ovary  6-7-celled.  Capsule  6-7-valved. 


ERICACEAE.  93 

1.  B.  racemosa  Vent.  Shrub  1-2.5  m.  tall,  the  branches  hirsute:  leaf -blades 
mainly  oblong  to  oval,  2.5-5  cm.  long:  calyx  about  4  mm.  long:  petals  white, 
spatulate  or  linear-spatulate,  2-2.5  cm.  long,  glutinous:  filaments  pubescent: 
capsules  spheroidal,  6-9  mm.  wide. 

Pinelands  and  sandy  soil,  e.  Pla.  and  the  pen.  (Ga.) — Spr.nsum.,  or  all  year 
southward. 

2,  AZALEA  L.  Erect  deciduous-leaved  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate:  blades 
sometimes  bristle-toothed.  Calyx  deciduous:  lobes  5,  conspicuously  ciliate. 
Corolla  variously  colored,  funnelform:  tube  elongate:  limb  2-lipped.  Stamens 
5  or  rarely  10,  conspicuously  exserted:  anthers  with  terminal  pores.  Style  de- 
clined. Capsule  elongate. — WILD-HONEYSUCKLE. 

Flower-clusters  appearing  before  the  leaves,  or  as  the  leaves  unfold. 

Corolla  red,  yellow,  or  orange.  1.  A.  austrina. 

Corolla  pink,  white,  or  purplish. 

Corolla-tube  hirsute  or  strigose.  2.  A.  nudiflora. 

Corolla-tube  glandular-pubescent.  3.  A.  canescens. 

Flower-clusters  appearing  after  the  leaves. 

Leaf-blades  permanently  white-  or  pale-tomentose  beneath  :  cap- 
sules pale-canescent.  4.  A.  Candida. 
Leaf-blades  with  scattered  hairs,  sometimes  pubescent  only  on 

the  midrib  :  capsule,  as  far  as  known  hirsute. 
Leaf-blades    predominatingly    of    an    obovate,    cuneate,    or 

oblong-oblanceolate  type.  5.  A.  viscosa. 

Leaf-blades  predominatingly  of  an  oblong  or  oval  type.  6.  A.  serrulata. 

1.  A.  austrina  Small.     Shrub  mostly  3  m.  tall  or  less  with  irregular  branches 
and  softly  pubescent  and  usually  glandular  twigs:   leaf -blades  oval,  obovate, 
oblong,  or  oblong-spatulate,  2.5-9  cm.  long,  acute  or  abruptly  gland-tipped, 
rather   firm   in   age,   finely   pubescent,   usually   permanently    so,   ciliate,    short- 
petioled:  pedicels  glandular-pubescent:  calyx-lobes  deltoid  to  triangular-lanceo- 
late, acute,  glandular-ciliate :  corolla  yellow  or  orange,  2-3  cm.  long,  the  tube 
scarcely  dilated  up  to  the  limb,  finely  glandular-pubescent,  the  lobes  broad, 
acute  or  abruptly  short-acuminate:   capsules  rather  slender,  slightly  narrowed 
upward,  2-2.5  cm.  long,  finely  glandular-pubescent. 

Woods  and  stream-banks,  Chattahoochee  region,  m.  Fla.     (Endemic.) — Spr. 

2.  A.  nudiflora  L.     Shrub  3  m.  tall  or  less  with  irregularly  branched  stems  and 
minutely  pubescent   and  more  or  less   strigose  twigs:    leaf-blades  oblong  to 
obovate  or  oblong-obovate,  3-10  cm.  long,  thick  and  firm  in  age,  acute  or  ab- 
ruptly gland-tipped,  strigose  on  or  near  the  veins  beneath,  or  glabrous,  except 
the  margins,   short-petioled :    pedicels   strigose   or   hirsute-strigose :    calyx-lobes 
ovate  to   half -orbicular,   copiously   ciliate:    corolla   pink   or  white,  or  purplish, 
2.5-3.5  cm.  long,  the  tube  gradually  dilated  above  the  middle,  pilose  or  strigose, 
and  sometimes  sparingly  glandular,  the  lobes  rather  broad,  abruptly  pointed: 
capsules    oblong,    linear-oblong    or    somewhat    narrowed    upward,    strigose    or 
hirsute-strigose. — PINXTER-  FLOWER. 

Woods  and  thickets,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

3.  A.  canescens  Michx.     Shrub  4  m.  tall  or  less  with  diffuse  or  spreading 
branches  and   minutely  soft -pubescent  and   usually  also   strigose   twigs:    leaf- 
blades  elliptic,  elliptic-oblanceolate,  oblanceolate,  or  narrowly  obovate,  thickish 
and  firm  at  maturity,  4-10  cm.  long,  acute  and  gland-tipped   or  sometimes 
abruptly  pointed,  ciliate  with  scattered  hairs  above  or  nearly  glabrous,  per- 
manently tomentose-canescent  beneath,  short-petioled:   pedicels  canescent  and 
more  or  less  hirsute:   calyx-lobes  deltoid  to  ovate,  ciliate:   corolla  pink,  rose, 
or  rarely  white,   1.5-2   cm.   long,   or   rarely   somewhat   longer,   the   tube   finely 
glandular-pubescent,  abruptly  dilated  near  the  throat,  the  lobes  acute:  capsules 
slender,  narrowed  upward,  1.5-3  cm.  long,  canescent  and  hirsute. 

Stream-banks,  n.  Fla.     (Con*.)— Spr. 

4.  A.  Candida   Small.      Shrub  2   m.   tall  or  less  with  widely   branched  stems 
and  tomentulose  and  often  somewhat   glandular   twigs:    leaf -blades   obovate, 


94  EEICACEAE. 

obovate-oblanceolate,  cuneate,  or  oblong,  leathery  at  maturity,  1-7  cm.  long, 
acute  or  abruptly  gland-tipped,  thinly  fine-pubescent  above,  white-  or  pale- 
tomentose  beneath  and  sometimes  reticulate-veiny,  short-petioled :  pedicels 
glandular-pubescent:  calyx-lobes  deltoid,  ciliate,  obtuse:  corolla  white  or  pink- 
ish: capsules  narrow,  gradually  narrowed  upward,  2-2.5  cm.  long,  canescent, 
curved. 

Hammocks  and  low  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Ga.) — Spr.-sum. 

5.  A.  viscosa  L.      Shrub  0.5-3  dm.  tall  with  loosely  pubescent  twigs,  some- 
times   diffusely    branched:    leaf -blades    cuneate    or    obovate,    or    individually 
oblong  or  elliptic-oblanceolate,  2-6  cm.  long,  thickish,  usually  abruptly  gland- 
tipped,   ciliate,   pubescent   on   the  midrib   beneath,   dull,   shining   or   glaucous, 
especially    beneath,    short-petioled:     pedicels    glandular-pubescent:     calyx-lobes 
ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  pectinate-ciliate,  obtuse:  corolla  white  or  pink,  2.5-3.5 
cm.  long,  the  tube  rather  abruptly  dilated  near  the  limb,  the  lobes  acute  or 
abruptly  acuminate:   capsules  oblong-ovoid,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  glandular-hirsute. 
— SWAMP-AZALEA. 

Swamps,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Oont.) — Spr.-sum. 

6.  A.   serrulata  Small.      Shrub   4   m.   tall   or  less  with  irregularly   spreading 
branches  and  sparingly  strigose  twigs:  leaf -blades  oblong  or  oval,  or  individu- 
ally elliptic-oblanceolate,  4-9  cm.  long,  abruptly  gland-tipped,  serrulate-eiliate, 
shining,  finely  reticulate,  glabrous,  except  for  scattered  hairs  on  the  midrib 
and  on  the  short  petiole:    pedicels  glandular-hirsute:    calyx-lobes  ovate,  long- 
ciliate,  obtuse:  corolla  white,  3-3.5  cm.  long,  the  tube  somewhat  enlarged  near 
the   base,   expanded    near    the   limb,    glandular-pubescent,    the   lobes    narrow, 
acute  or  acuminate:  capsules  not  seen. 

Wet  hammocks,  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) — Sum. 

3.  RHODODENDRON  L.     Evergreen  shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  alternate: 
blades  leathery,  not  ciliate.     Calyx  persistent:  lobes  broad  and  short.     Corolla 
variously  colored,  campanulate:  tube  very  short:  limb  2-lipped.     Stamens  usu- 
ally 10,  slightly  exserted  with  terminal  pores.    Style  declined.    Capsule  elongate. 

1.  B.  Chapmanii  A.  Gray.  Shrub  1-2  m.  tall,  the  twigs  scurfy:  leaf -blades 
oblong  to  oval,  2-5  cm.  long,  obtuse,  resinif erous :  corolla  rose-colored,  mottled 
within;  tube  broadly  funnelform,  16-20  mm.  long;  lobes  crisped:  capsules 
nearly  1  cm.  long. 

Pinelands,  w.  Fla.     (Endemic.) — Spr. — Not  recently  collected. 

4.  KALMIA  L.     Evergreen  shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  alternate,  opposite, 
or  whorled:  blades  entire.     Calyx  persistent:  lobes  5,  leathery.     Corolla  regu- 
lar, white  or  pink,  rotate,  the  lobes  obtuse:  tube  short,  with  10  sacs.     Stamens 
10:    filaments  elastically  straightening  at  maturity:    anthers  short,   attached 
near  the  top.    Capsule  spheroidal. 

1.  K.  latifolia  L.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  12  m.  tall,  the  twigs  often  fuzzy 
when  young:  leaf -blades  elliptic  to  oval,  5-12  cm.  long,  glabrous:  sepals  oblong 
to  oblong-ovate,  about  2  mm.  long:   corolla  white  or  pink,  20-25  mm.  wide: 
capsules  5-7  mm.  wide. — CALICO-BUSH.    LAUREL.     MOUNTAIN-LAUREL. 
Woods  or  shaded  banks,  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr.-sum. 

5.  KALMIELLA  Small.    Evergreen  low  shrubs.    Leaves  alternate:  blades 
relatively  small.     Calyx  deciduous:  lobes  5,  foliaceous.     Corolla  regular,  pink, 
mainly  similar  to  that   of  Kalmia,  but  lobes   acute.      Stamens   10:    filaments 
elastic:  anthers  short,  attached  near  the  middle.     Capsule  of  an  ovoid  type. 

1.  K.  hirsuta  (Walt.)  Small.  Shrub  1-6  dm.  tall,  twigs  hirsute:  leaf -blades 
oblong,  lanceolate  or  oval-orbicular,  4-10  mm.  long:  pedicels  4-10  mm.  long, 


ERICACEAE.  95 

hirsute:  calyx-lobes  oblong-lanceolate,  5-7  mm.  long,  acuminate:  corolla  10-15 
mm.  wide:  capsules  about  3  mm.  long. — WICKY. 

Pinelands,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont.) — Spr.-sum. 

6.  LEUCOTHOE    D.    Don.      Evergreen    shrubs    with    weak    stems    and 
branches.     Leaves   alternate:    blades   shallowly   toothed,    sometimes   obscurely 
so,  or  entire.     Flowers  in  racemes  from  the  axils  of  the  persistent  leaves. 
Calyx-lobes  longer  than  the  tube;    corolla  white,  ovoid  or  mostly  urceolate: 
lobes  very  short.     Stamens  10,  included:  anthers  awnless.     Capsule  depressed. 
— Spr. — FETTER-BUSH. 

Leaf-blades    toothed :    filaments    papillose-pubescent,    straight :    anthers    prominently 
bimucronate.  1.  L.  uxillaris. 

Leaf-blades  entire :  filaments  villous,  sigmoid-curved  above :  an- 
thers obscurely  bimucronate.  2.  L.  acumlnata. 

1.  L.   axiUaris    (Lam.)    D.  Don.     Shrub   1-2  m.   tall:    leaf -blades   oblong  to 
oblong-lanceolate,   4-15   cm.   long:    larger   calyx-lobes   ovate:    corolla  6-7   mm. 
long;  lobes  ovate:  capsules  6-7  mm.  wide. 

Swamps  and  damp  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  L.  acuminata  (Ait.)  D.  Don.     Shrub  1-4  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  lanceolate  to 
ovate-lanceolate,   3-10   cm.   long:    larger   calyx-lobes  broadly   ovate,   ciliolate: 
corolla  8-10  mm.  long;  lobes  ovate:  capsules  about  5-6  mm.  wide. 

Pond-margins  and  swamps,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Cont.) 

7.  EUBOTRYS    Nutt.     Deciduous-leaved    shrubs    with    rigid    stems    and 
branches.      Leaves    alternate:    blades    finely    toothed.      Flowers    in    terminal 
racemes.      Calyx-lobes    very    short.     Stamens    10,    included:    anthers    awned. 
Capsule  depressed. — Spr. 

Calyx  less  than  %  as  long  as  the  corolla :  capsule  exceeding  the  calyx-lobes. 

1.  E.  racemosa. 
Calyx  over  y2  as  long  as  the  corolla :  capsule  shorter  than  the 

calyx-lobes.  2.  E.  elongata. 

1.  E.  racemosa   (L.)   Nutt.     Shrub  1-4  m.  tall,  the  twigs  glabrous,  at  least 
in  age:   leaf -blades  oblong  or  elliptic,  2-7  cm.  long:   calyx-lobes  triangular, 
becoming  triangular-lanceolate  or  deltoid-ovate:  corolla  8-9  mm.  long:  anthers 
much  shorter  than  the  filaments:  capsules  4-5  mm.  wide. 

Swamps  and  damp  thickets,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  E.  elongata  Small.     Shrub  1-3  m.  tall,  the  twigs  copiously  pubescent:  leaf- 
blades  oblong  or  elliptic,  or  sometimes  oblong-lanceolate  or  oblong-ovate,  2-5 
cm.  long:    calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  often  narrowly  so:    corolla  7-8  mm.  long: 
anthers  slightly  longer  than  the  filaments:  capsules  3-4  mm.  wide. 

Swamps  and  wet  sandy  places  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

8.  ZENOBIA  D.  Don.    Deciduous-leaved  shrubs.    Leaves  alternate :  blades 
entire  or  shallowly  toothed.     Flowers  in  clusters  from  axillary  buds.     Calyx- 
lobes  5,  longer  than  the  tube.     Corolla  white   or  pink,   often  campanulate: 
lobes  5,  very  broad.     Stamens  10,  included:   anthers  slender-awned.     Capsule 
depressed. — Spr. 

Pedicels  and  lower  surfaces  of  the  leaf-blades  green  :  calyx  less  than  7  mm.  wide. 

1.  Z.  cassinefolla. 
Pedicels  and  lower  surface  of  the  leaf-blades  densely  glaucous : 

calyx  over  7  mm.  wide.  2.  Z.  pulverulenta. 

1.  Z.  cassinifolia  (Vent.)  Pollard.  Shrub  1-2  m.  tall,  the  foliape  preen:  le-\f- 
blades  oblong,  varying  to  ovate  or  obovate,  2-6  cm.  long,  shallowly  serrate: 
corolla  8-10  mm.  long. 

Low  pinelands.  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 


96  ERICACEAE. 

2.  Z.  pulverulenta  (Willd.)  Pollard.  Shrub  1-2  m.  tall,  the  foliage  glaucous: 
leaf -blades  oblong  to  oval,  2-7  cm.  long,  entire  or  obscurely  serrate:  corolla 
6-7  mm.  long. 

Pineland-swamps  or  low  pinelands,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

9.  AMPELOTHAMNUS   Small.     Evergreen   shrubs   or   woody   vines,   the 
branches  nearly  terete.     Leaves  alternate:  blades  rather  broad,  leathery,  more 
or    less    toothed    above    the    middle,    short-petioled.      Flowers    in    raceme-like 
panicles  which  are  borne  solitary  in  the  leaf-axils.     Calyx-lobes  5,  of  a  lanceo- 
late type,  appressed  to  the  corolla,  leathery.     Corolla  white,  ovoid,  the  tube 
slightly,  if  at  all  angled:  lobes  very  short,  nearly  erect.    Filaments  flat,  broad, 
sigmoid-curved  near   the   top,   unappendaged:    anthers   appendaged.      Capsule 
spheroidal. 

1.  A.  phillyreifolius  (Hook.)  Small.  Shrub  with  weak  branches  and  puberu- 
lent  twigs,  or  a  vine:  leaf -blades  oblong  to  elliptic,  or  oval,  or  rarely  oblong- 
oblanceolate  or  obovate,  2-7  cm.  long,  serrate  near  the  apex:  calyx-lobes 
lanceolate  or  narrowly  triangular-lanceolate,  mostly  \  as  long  as  the  corolla: 
corolla  7-8.5  mm.  long:  capsules  slightly  depressed,  3-4  mm.  long. 

Shallow  ponds,  swamps,  low  thickets,  and  low  pinelands,  m.  and  w.  Pla.     (Get.) 
— Winter-spr. 

10.  DBSMOTHAMNUS     Small.      Evergreen     shrubs     with     prominently 
angled  branches  and  glabrous  foliage.    Leaves  alternate:  blades  thick-leathery, 
broad,   entire,   with   intramarginal   veins,   short-petioled.      Flowers   in   clusters 
axillary  to  the  leaves  of  the  preceding  year.     Calyx-lobes  5,  narrow,  somewhat 
succulent,  persistent.     Corolla  white,  pink,  or  red,  ovoid-conic,  urceolate,  nod- 
ding, constricted  at  the  orifice.     Filaments  slender  above  the  slightly  dilated 
bsaes,  glabrous,  each  with  a  pair  of  appendages  near  the  top:  anthers  unap- 
pendaged.    Style  fusiform.     Capsule  globose  or  ovoid-globose,  rounded  at  the 
apex,  the  sutures  thickened. 

1.  D.  nitidus  (Bartr.)  Small.  Evergreen  shrub  1.5-2  m.  tall:  leaf -blades 
leathery,  elliptic  to  oval  or  obovate,  2-8  cm.  long,  abruptly  acuminate:  flower- 
clusters  axillary:  calyx-lobes  narrowly  lanceolate,  acuminate:  corolla  white  or 
rose,  7-9  mm.  long,  fully  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx:  capsules  3.5-4  mm.  long. 
— Spr. — FETTER-BUSH. 

Low  pinelands  and  swamps,  nearly  throughout  Pla.,  except  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont.) 

11.  NEOPEERIS  Britton.     Deciduous-leaved  shrubs  with  terete  branches 
and  sparingly  pubescent  or  glabrate  foliage.     Leaves  alternate:   blades  thin- 
leathery,  broad,  entire,  without  intramarginal   veins,   short-petioled.     Flowers 
in  clusters  along  the  leafless  branches  of  the  previous  year.     Calyx-lobes  5, 
narrow,  deciduous  with  the  leaves.     Corolla  white  or  pale,  cylindraceous-cam- 
panulate,  nodding.     Filaments  flat,  pubescent,  each  with  a  pair  of  appendages 
near  the  top:   anthers  unappendaged.     Style  columnar.     Capsule  of  an  ovoid 
type,  truncate  at  the  contracted  apex,  the  sutures  much  thickened. 

1.  N.  mariana  (L.)  Britton.  Deciduous-leaved  shrub  1-2  m.  tall:  leaf-blades 
membranous,  oblong  to  oval,  or  nearly  so,  2-6  cm.  long,  obtuse  or  apiculate: 
flower-clusters  lateral:  calyx-lobes  broadly  lanceolate,  acute:  corolla  white  or 


EEICACEAE.  97 

pinkish,  10-12  mm.  long,  less  than  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx:  capsules  7-9  mm. 
long. — STAGGER-BUSH. 

Low  woods,  swamps,  and  pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.      (Cont.) — Spr. 

12.  XOLISMA   Eaf.     Evergreen    shrubs   with   lepidate   foliage.      Leaves 
alternate:    blades   leathery,    or   entire   or   nearly   so,    often   reticulate,    short- 
petioled.     Flower-clusters  in  the  axils  of  the  persistent  leaves  of  the  previous 
year.     Calyx-lobes  broad,  short,  persistent.     Corolla  white  or  pink,  globular  to 
urceolate,  with  short  spreading  or  recurved  lobes.     Filaments  tapering  up  to 
the   anthers,  unappendaged.     Capsule  somewhat  elongate,  often  of  an  ovoid 
type,  prominently  angled. — Spr. 

Leaves  slightly  reduced  toward  the  ends  of  the  branches ;   blades  inconspicuously 
reticulate.  1.  J.  ferruginea. 

Leaves   much   reduced  toward   the  ends   of  the   branches ;   blades 

prominently  reticulate.  2.  X.  fruticosa. 

1.  X.  ferruginea  (Wait.)  Heller.    Evergreen  tree  sometimes  5  m.  tall  or  shrub: 
leaves  not  much  reduced  in  size  at  the  ends  of  the  branches;  blades  elliptic,  oval, 
obovate,  or  oblanceolate,  2.5-7  cm.  long,  scarcely  reticulate:  corolla  2.5-3  mm. 
long,  angled  at  the  base:  capsules  4.5-5  mm.  long. 

Hammocks  and  scrublands,  n.  Pla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  X.  fruticosa   (Michx.)   Nash.     Evergreen  shrub  1-3  m.  tall:   leaves  much 
reduced  toward  the  ends  of  the  branches;   blades  oval,  obovate,  or  oblanceo- 
late, reticulate,  corolla  3.5-5  mm.  long,  rounded  at  the  base :  capsules  4-4.5  mm. 
long. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  e.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

13.  ARSENOCOCCUS  Small.     Deciduous-leaved  shrubs  with  more  or  less 
pubescent  foliage.     Leaves  alternate:   blades  membranous  or  thickish,  sessile 
or  short-petioled.     Flower-clusters  in  terminal  panicled  racemes.     Calyx-lobes 
broad,  short,  persistent.    Corolla  urceolate,  usually  globular  or  depressed,  with 
very  short  spreading  or  recurved  lobes.    Filaments  thickened  below  the  anthers, 
unappendaged.     Capsules   depressed,   usually   spheroidal,   not   angled. — Spr. — 
MALE-BERRY. 

Racemes  and  panicles  naked  or  nearly  so.  1.  A.  frondosus. 

Racemes  and  panicles  leafy-bracted.  2.  A.  Ugustrinus. 

1.  A.   frondosus    (Pursh)    Small.     Deciduous-leaved   shrub  1-4  m.  tall:   leaf- 
blades  oblong  to  narrowly  elliptic,  or  sometimes  oval  or  obovate,  2-8  cm.  long, 
serrulate:    corolla  mostly  less  than  3.5  mm.  long,  often  depressed:    capsules 
mainly  2.5-3  mm.  wide.     [Andromeda  paniculata  foliosiflora  Michx.] 

Swamps  and  low  pinelands,  e.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  A.    ligustrinus    (L.)    Small.      Deciduous-leaved    shrub    1-4    m.    tall:    leaf- 
blades  oblong,  elliptic,  or  obovate,  3-7  cm.  long,  entire  or  indistinctly  serru- 
late:   corolla  mostly  over  3.5  mm.  long,  not  depressed:   capsules  mainly  3—4 
mm.  wide. 

Hillsides  and  swamps,  m.  and  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

14.  OXYDENDRON  DC.    Deciduous-leaved  shrubs  or  trees.    Leaves  alter- 
nate:   blades   serrate.     Flowers   drooping  in  horizontally   expanded  panicles. 
Calyx-lobes  5,  persistent.     Corolla  white,  ovoid  or  conic,  5-lobed.     Filaments 
dilated,  pubescent  all  over:   anthers  linear,  awnless,  narrower  than  the  fila- 
ments.    Stigma  entire.     Capsule  ovoid,  erect  on  a  recurved  pedicel,  the  valve- 
margins  thickened. 

Shrubs  of  Florida — 7 


98  VACCINIACEAE. 

1.  O.  arboreum  (L.)  DC.  Shrub  or  tree  becoming  20  m.  tall:  leaf -blades 
oblong,  elliptic,  or  oblong-lanceolate,  8-20  cm.  long,  acuminate:  panicles  1-2 
dm.  long,  the  pedicels  strongly  curved  at  maturity:  calyx-lobes  ovate:  corolla 
6-7  mm.  long,  pubescent  like  the  calyx:  capsules  4-6  mm.  long,  pubescent. 
— SOUR-WOOD.  SORREL-TREE. 

Open  woods,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Sum. 

15.  EPIGAEA  L.  Evergreen  creeping  shrubs.  Leaves  alternate:  blades 
entire.  Flowers  perfect  or  deciduous,  in  axillary  clusters.  Calyx-lobes  5,  per- 
sistent, but  scarcely  accrescent.  Corolla  white  or  pink,  salverform,  the  limb 
5-lobed.  Filaments  slender,  with  a  tuft  of  hairs  near  the  middle:  anthers 
oblong-ovoid,  awnless.  Stigma  5-lobed.  Capsule  depressed. 

1.  E.  repens  L.     Stem  or  branches  5-30  cm.  long,  hirsute:  leaf-blades  oblong 
to  oblong-ovate  or  suborbicular,  2-10  cm.  long,  finely  reticulate:    calyx-lobes 
lanceolate,  acuminate:  corolla  about  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx;  lobes  ovate: 
capsules  5-7  mm.  wide. — TRAILING-ARBUTUS. 
Dry  sandy  soil,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  3.    VACCINIACEAE.    HUCKLEBERRY  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  simple.  Flowers  perfect, 
regular,  solitary  or  variously  clustered,  drooping.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  sepals. 
Corolla  of  4  or  5  usually  partially  united  petals.  Androecium  of  twice  as 
many  stamens  as  there  are  corolla-lobes.  Gynoecium  of  several  united 
carpels,  the  ovary  wholly  or  \  inferior.  Fruit  a  berry  or  a  drupe. 

Ovary  10-celled  :  fruit  a  berry-like  drupe  with  10  nutlets.  1.   GATLUSSACIA. 
Ovary  4-5-celled  :  fruit  a  many-seeded  berry. 
Corolla  campanulate. 

Stamens  included  :  hypanthium  jointed  to  the  pedicel.  2.  BATODENDRON. 

Stamens  exserted :  hypanthium  continuous  with  the  pedicel.  3.  POLYCODIUM. 

Corolla  globose,  ovoid,  urn-shaped  to  cylindric.  4.  VACCINIDM. 

1.  GAYLUSSACIA  H.B.K.  Shrubs.  Leaves  deciduous:  blades  entire, 
commonly  reticulate-veiny.  Flowers  in  lateral  racemes.  Sepals  5.  Corolla 
campanulate,  globular-campanulate  or  conic.  Stamens  included:  anthers  tubu- 
lar at  the  top,  unappendaged.  Drupe  globular,  with  10  nutlets. — Spr. — 
HUCKLEBERRY. 

Pubescence  consisting  of  gland-tipped  hairs  :  drupes  not  glaucous. 

Twigs  and  racemes  pubescent  with  short  close-set  hairs  :  stamens  less  than  5  mm. 

long.  1.   O.  dumosa. 

Twigs  and  racemes  bristly-hispid :  stamens  over  5  mm.  long.        2.  G.  hirtella. 
Pubescence  consisting  of  simple  non-glandular  hairs :   drupes 

glaucous. 

Leaves  glaucous,  glabrous  or  nearly  so.  3.  Q-.  nana. 

Leaves  densely  tomentose,  especially  beneath.  4.  G.  tomentosa. 

1.  G.  dumosa  (Andr.)  A.  Gray.  Shrub  1-5  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  oval,  obo- 
vate  or  oblanceolate,  or  rarely  narrower,  2-4  cm.  long:  hypanthium  and  sepals 
minutely  glandular-pubescent:  sepals  reniform,  deltoid,  or  ovate-deltoid: 
corolla  4-6  mm.  long:  drupes  6-8  mm.  in  diameter. — DWARF  BLACK-HUCKLE- 


Pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  G.  hirtella  (Ait.)  T.  &  G.  Shrub  somewhat  larger  than  the  preceding: 
leaf -blades  oblanceolate-spatulate  to  elliptic,  3-6  cm.  long:  hypanthium  and 
sepals  glandular-hirsute:  sepals  ovate  to  triangular:  corolla  7-9  mm.  long: 
drupes  8-10  mm.  in  diameter. 

River-banks  and  swamp-margins,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 


VACCINIACEAE.  99 

3.  G.  nana    (A.   Gray)    Small.     Shrub   1-6   dm.   tall,  with  glaucous  foliage: 
leaf-blades  elliptic,  obovate,  or  nearly  spatulate,  2-3  cm.  long,  rugose,  often 
very  prominently  so,  and  globular- resiniferous  beneath:  hypanthium  and  sepals 
glabrous,  glaucous:   anthers  about  as  long  as  the  filaments:   drupes  6-7  mm. 
in  diameter. 

Pinelands,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Con*.) 

4.  G.  tomentosa    (Pursh)    Chapm.     Shrub  4-11   dm.   tall,  the  foliage  tomen- 
tose:  leaf -blades  thick,  oblong  to  elliptic,  2.5-7  cm.  long,  copiously  tomentose 
beneath:   hypanthium  and  sepals  globular-resiniferous:    anthers  about  as  long 
as  the  filaments:  drupes  8-9  mm.  in  diameter. 

Hammocks  and  moist  thickets,  n.  Pla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Oa.) 

2.  BATODENDRON  Nutt.    Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaves  somewhat  -persistent : 
blades  firm,  sometimes  glandular-denticulate.    Flowers  in  leafy-bracted  racemes 
or  panicles.    Sepals  5.    Corolla  campanulate  or  globular-campanulate.    Stamens 
included:    anthers  tubular  at  the  top,  appendaged.     Berry   globular,  rather 
astringent,  many-seeded. 

1.  B.   arboreum    (Marsh.)    Nutt.     Shrub   or   small  tree:    leaf -blades   oval   or 
obovate,  2.5-5  cm.  long,  lustrous  above:   racemes  usually  proliferous:   corolla 
white   or   pinkish,    5.5-6   mm.    long:    berries   5-6   mm.   in    diameter,    black. — 
SPABKLEBERRY.    FARKLEBERRY.     TREE-HUCKLEBERRY.     GOOSEBERRY. 
Sandy  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

3.  POLYCODIUM  Eaf.     Shrubs.     Leaves  mainly  deciduous:   blades  en- 
tire.    Flowers  in  racemes,  sometimes  leafy  bracted.     Sepals  5.     Corolla  open- 
campanulate :    lobes  not  contiguous  in  the  bud.     Stamens  exserted:    anthers 
tubular  at  the  top  and  appendaged.    Berry  globular  or  pyriform,  often  mawk- 
ish, green  or  yellowish,  few-seeded. — Spr. — BUCKBERRY.     SQUAW-HUCKLEBERRY. 
DEERBERRY. 

Racemes  with  bracts  resembling  the  leaves :  sepals  eciliate  or  slightly  ciliate  at  the 
tips.  1.   p.  floridanum. 

Racemes  with  bracts  conspicuously  smaller  than  the  leaves  : 

sepals  ciliate.  2.  P.  neglectum. 

1.  P.   floridanum    (Nutt.)    Greene.     Shrub   2-12   dm.   tall:    leaf -blades   ovate, 
oval,  or  oval-ovate,  1.5-4  em.  long,  ciliolate,  the  broader  ones  subcordate  at  the 
base:  corolla  3.5-4  mm.  long:  anthers  greatly  exserted:  berries  about  10  mm. 
in  diameter. 

Pinelands  and  sand-hills,  n.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  P.  neglectum  Small.     Shrub  1-1.5  m.  tall:   leaf -blades  elliptic  to  oblong 
or  oblong-lanceolate,  or  occasionally  cuneate,  3-10  cm.  long,  glabrous:   corolla 
about  5  mm.  long:    anthers  slightly  exceeding  the   corolla:    berries  5-8   mm. 
in  diameter. 

Woods,  m.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

4.  VACCINIUM  L.     Shrubs  or  small  trees.     Leaves  mostly   deciduous: 
blades  entire  or  slightly  toothed.     Flowers  in  racemes  or  clusters.     Sepals  5. 
Corolla  ovoid,  cylindraceous,  or  campanulate-oblong.    Stamens  included :  anthers 
tubular  at  the  apex,  unappendaged.     Berry  globular,  blue  or  black. — Winter- 
spr. — BLUEBERRY.     HUCKLEBERRY. 

Leaves  persistent,  evergreen  ;  blades  leathery.  1.    V.  Myrsinites. 

Leaves  deciduous  ;  blades  membranous,  sometimes  firm. 
Leaf-blades  toothed. 

Flowers  appearing  after  the  leaves. 

Leaf-blades  narrowly  elliptic  to  elliptic-spatulate,  nar- 
rowed at  the  base  :  berries  glaucous  :  low  plant.  2.  V.  tenellum 


100  VACCINIACEAE. 

Leaf-blades  oval,  ovate,  or  broadly  elliptic,  rounded  or 

cordate  at  the  base  :  berries  not  glaucous  :  tall  plant.        3.  V.  Elliottii. 
Flowers  appearing  before  the  leaves.  4.  V.  virgatum. 

Leaf-blades  entire. 

Leaf-blades  pubescent. 

Corolla  rose-red  :  berries  not  glaucous.  5.  V.  formosum. 

Corolla  white  :  berries  glaucous.  6.  V.  fuscatum. 

Leaf-blades  glabrous,  glaucous  beneath.  7.  V.  australe. 

1.  V.  Myrsinites  Lam.      Shrub  2-6  dm.  tall,  light-green  or  glaucous:    leaf- 
blades  ovate  to  oblanceolate,  oblong,  or  elliptic,  6-20  mm.  long,  bristly-toothed : 
sepals  acute  or  obtuse:  corolla  4-7  mm.  long:  berries  5-8  mm.  long,  blue  or 
black. 

Pinelands,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont.) 

2.  V.  teneHum  Ait.     Shrub  2-4  dm.  tall,  the  twigs  minutely  pubescent:  leaf- 
blades  elliptic  to  elliptic- spatulate,  1-2  cm.  long,  serrulate,  green  or  glaucous: 
corolla  white  or  nearly  so,  oblong-cylindric,  5-6  mm.  long:  berries  about  6  mm. 
in  diameter,  black  beneath  the  bloom. 

Pinelands  and  swamp-margins,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

3.  V.  Elliottii  Chapm.     Shrub  1-2.5  m.  tall,  the  twigs  finely  pubescent:   leaf- 
blades  ovate,  oval,  or  broadly  elliptic,  1-2.5  cm.  long,  ciliate-serrulate,  pubes- 
cent beneath :  corolla  reddish,  conic,  5-6  mm.  long :  berries  7-8  mm.  in  diameter, 
black. 

Swamps,  stream-banks,  and  low  thickets,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Gont.) 

4.  V.  virgatum  Ait.     Shrub  1-3.5  m.  tall,  the  twigs  puberulent:   leaf -blades 
oblong-elliptic  or  oval-oblong,  2.5-6  cm.  long,  serrulate,  pale  or  glaueescent 
beneath:    corolla  white  or  pinkish,  cylimlraceous,  6-8   mm.  long:    berries   5-7 
mm.  in  diameter,  black  and  sometimes  slightly  glaucous. 

Low  pinelands  and  swamps,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Cont.) 

5.  V.  formosum  Andr.     Shrub  3-22  dm.  tall,  the  twigs  mostly  fine-pubescent: 
leaf -blades  ovate,  elliptic,  or  oblong,  2.5-6  cm.  long,  entire,  pubescent  beneath: 
corolla  rose-red,   cylindric-conic,   7-8   mm.   long:    berries  5-6   mm.   long,   not 
glaucous. 

Low  pinelands  and  borders  of  swamps,  n.  Fla.     (Ga.) 

6.  V.  fuscatum  Ait.     Shrub  1-2  m.  tall,  the  twigs  finely  and  often  copiously 
pubescent:    leaf -blades  oblong   to   elliptic,   2-4.5   cm.   long,   entire,   pubescent 
beneath:    corolla  white,  nearly  cylindric,  6-7  mm.  long:   berries  6-7  mm.  in 
diameter,  sometimes  glaucous. 

Stream-banks  and  swamps,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

7.  "V.  australe  Small.     Shrub   0.3-5  m.  tall,  the  twigs  glabrous:   leaf -blades 
•elliptic  or  oval,  or  elliptic-ovate  to  oblong-elliptic,  mainly  4-8  cm.  long,  entire, 
deep-green  above,  glabrous :  corolla  white  or  whitish,  nearly  cylindric,  8-10  mm. 
long:  berries  7-9  mm.  in  diameter,  glaucous. 

Rich  woods  near  streams,  swamps,  or  lakes,  e.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

Order  PRIMULALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate  or  opposite,  some- 
times all  basal.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamo-dioecious,  variously  dis- 
posed. Calyx  of  2-several  partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  2-several 
distinct  or  partially  united  petals.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as 
there  are  sepals  or  petals,  and  sometimes  accompanied  by  staminodia. 
Gynoecium  of  4-6  united  carpels,  or  rarely  more.  Fruit  capsular  or 
drupaceous,  or  rarely  an  achene  or  a  utricle. 


THEOPHEASTACEAE.  101 

Staminodia  at  the  corolla-sinuses  :  fruit  few-many-seeded.  Fam.  1.  THEOPHKASTACEAE. 
Staminodia  wanting :  fruit  1-seeded.  Fam.  2.  ABDISIACEAH. 

FAMILY  1.    THEOPHRASTACEAE.    JOE-WOOD  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite,  persistent:  blades  leathery,  entire. 
Flowers  perfect,  in  racemes,  corymbs,  or  panicles.  Calyx  of  5  imbricate 
sepals.  Corolla  campanulate  or  rotate-salverform,  of  5  partially  united 
petals.  Androecium  of  5  stamens  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube,  and 
5  Staminodia.  Gynoecium  of  5  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  drupe-like  berry. 

1.  JACQUINIA  L.  Leaves  usually  numerous:  blades  entire,  thick  and 
very  brittle.  Flowers  erect.  Calyx  persistent.  Corolla  deciduous.  Anthers 
extrorse.  Staminodia  very  broad.  Berries  erect. 

1.  J.  keyensis  Mez.  Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  5  m.  tall,  the  bark  pale:  leaf- 
blades  cuneate-spatulate  or  oblong-obovate,  1-5  cm.  long,  shining:  calyx-lobes 
2-3  mm.  long,  orbicular-ovate:  corolla  straw-colored;  lobes  longer  than  the 
tube:  Staminodia  oblong,  erose:  berry  subglobose,  8-10  mm.  in  diameter. — 
JOE-WOOD. 

Hammocks,  along  the  lower  w.  coast,  and  those  of  the  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.      (W.  I. ) 

FAMILY  2.    ARDISIACEAE.    MYRSINE  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  mostly  alternate,  ours  persistent :  blades 
leathery,  entire.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamo-dioecious,  in  racemes, 
corymbs,  or  cymes,  sometimes  clustered  on  scaly  spurs.  Calyx  of  usually 
4—6  sepals.  Corolla  of  usually  4-6  partially  united  petals,  short-salver- 
fonn  or  rotate,  often  streaked  or  dotted.  Androecium  of  mostly  4-6 
stamens,  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube.  Gynoecium  of  mostly  4-6 
united  carpels.  Fruit  a  drupe-like  berry. 

Flowers  on  scattered  spurs :  corolla-lobes  not  reflexed :  stigma  lobed.  1.  RAPANEA. 
Flowers  in  terminal  panicles :  corolla-lobes  reflexed :  stigma  entire.  2.  ICACOREA. 

1.  RAPANEA  Aubl.     Shrubs  or  small  trees.     Flower  inconspicuous,  clus- 
tered on  scaly  spurs,  stout-pedicelled.    Corolla  white  or  nearly  so:  lobes  ascend- 
ing or  spreading.     Stamens  with  ascending  or  spreading  anthers.     Style  very 
short :  stigma  lobed. 

1.  R.  guyanensis  Aubl.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  with  grayish  bark :  leaves  mostly 
near  the  ends  of  the  branchlets:  blades  obovate-oblong  or  nearly  oblong,  4-10 
cm.  long:  flower-clusters  scattered  along  the  branchlets:  sepals  broadly  ovate: 
corolla-lobes  oblong,  unequal:  fruit  about  4  mm.  in  diameter. — MYRSINE. 

Coastal  hammocks,  upper  pen.  as  far  n.  as  Volusia  county  on  the  eastern  coast, 
on  hammock  islands  in  the  Everglades,  and  on  the  E.  Keys  and  the  F.  Keys.  (W.  7.) 

2.  ICACOREA  Aubl.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Flowers  conspicuous,  in  panicles, 
cymes,  or  clusters,  slender-pedicelled.     Corolla  white  or  pink,  and  often  purple- 
streaked:  lobes  recurved.     Stamens  with  converging  anthers.     Style  elongate: 
stigma  minute,  entire. 

1.  I.  paniculata  (Nutt.)  Sudw.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  with  white  or  whitish 
bark:  leaves  scattered;  blades  oblanceolate  to  elliptic,  4-18  cm.  Idng:  panicles 
terminal:  calyx-lobes  ovate  to  obovate:  corolla-lobes  oblong:  fruit  7-8  mm.  in 
diameter. — MARLBERRY.  CHERRY. 

Coastal  hammocks  along  the  s.  two-thirds  of  the  eastern  side  of  pen.  Fla.  and  the 
s.  half  of  the  western  side,  the  hammocks  and  pinelands  on  the  E.  Keys  and  the  F. 
Keys.  (W.  I.) 


102  SAPOTACEAE. 

Order  EBENALES. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  alternate,  opposite,  or  whorled :  blades  simple. 
Flowers  perfect,  monoecious,  or  dioecious.  Calyx  of  3-12  partially  united 
sepals.  Corolla  of  3-12  partially  united  petals.  Androecium  of  as  many 
stamens  as  there  are  corolla-lobes  or  twice  as  many  or  more,  sometimes 
accompanied  by  staminodia.  Gynoecium  of  3-several  united  carpels. 
Fruit  capsular  or  baccate. 

Styles  or  stigmas  distinct :  flowers  mostly  monoecious  or  dioecious. 

Fam.  1.  EBENACEAE. 
Styles  and  stigmas  united :  flowers  mostly  perfect. 

Stamens  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes,   at  least  In  our 

representatives.  Fam.  2.  SAPOTACEAE. 

Stamens  twice  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes  or  more. 

Stamens  in  several  series.  Fam.  3.  SYMPLOCACEAE. 

Stamens  in  1  series.  Fam.  4.  STYKACACEAE. 

FAMILY  1.    EBENACEAE.    EBONY  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  mostly  alternate :  blades  entire.  Flowers 
solitary  or  in  cymes.  Calyx  of  3-7  partially  united  sepals,  persistent, 
accrescent.  Corolla  of  3-7  partially  united  petals,  often  urceolate.  Androe- 
cium of  3  or  4  times  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  corolla-lobes.  Gynoe- 
cium of  3-several  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  berry  or  sometimes  capsular. 

1.  DIOSPYROS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  scattered:  blades  entire. 
Calyx  3-7-lobed.  Stamens  with  pubescent  filaments  and  anthers  opening  length- 
wise, Berry  spheroidal  or  elongate. — PERSIMMON. 

1.  D.  virginiana  L.  Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  35  m.  tall,  the  bark  very  rough: 
leaf -blades  ovate,  oval,  or  elliptic,  8-20  cm.  long,  acute  or  acuminate:  corolla 
8-13  mm.  long;  lobes  reniform:  berries  3-4  cm.  in  diameter,  astringent  when 
green,  sweet  when  ripe. — PERSIMMON.  DATE-PLUM. 

Sandy  woods,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  2.     SAPOTACEAE.     SAPODILLA  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  with  milky  sap,  sometimes  thorny.  Leaves  mostly 
alternate:  blades  entire.  Flowers  perfect  or  rarely  polygamous,  clustered. 
Calyx  of  4-12  slightly  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  4-12  partially  united 
petals,  with  or  without  appendages  at  the  sinuses  of  the  lobes.  Androe- 
cium of  usually  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  corolla-lobes,  commonly 
accompanied  by  staminodia.  Gynoecium  of  several  united  carpels.  Fruit 
a  several-celled  berry,  or  by  suppression  1-celled. 

Corolla-lobes  without  dorsal  appendages. 

Staminodia  wanting.  1.  CHHYSOPHYLLUM. 
Staminodia  present. 

Ovary  glabrous  :  endosperm  copious.  2.  DIPHOLIS. 

Ovary  pubescent :  endosperm  wanting  or  scant.  3.  BUMELIA. 

Corolla  lobes  with  dorsal  appendages.  4.  MIMUSOPS. 

1.  CHBYSOPHYLLUM  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  commonly 
lustrous-pubescent  beneath.  Calyx-lobes  mostly  5.  Corolla,  like  the  calyx, 
often  pubescent:  lobes  mostly  5,  entire.  Anthers  emarginate  and  apiculate. 
Style  wanting:  stigma  lobed. 

1.  C.  olivaeforme  L.  Evergreen  shrub,  or  tree  becoming  10  m.  tall,  the  twigs 
pubescent:  leaf -blades  leathery,  oblong,  elliptic,  or  oval,  3-10  cm.  long,  lustrous- 


SAPOTACEAE.  103 

pubescent  beneath:  calyx-lobes  suborbicular,  1.5  mm.  long:  corolla  white, 
about  5  mm.  wide;  lobes  suborbicular:  berries  oval,  about  2  cm.  long,  dark- 
purple. — SATINLEAF. 

Hammocks,  along  the  lower  two-thirds  of  the  eastern  coast  of  Fla.  and  the  lower 
western  coast, and  In  hammocks  and  pinelands  on  the  E. Keys  and  the  F. Keys.     (W.I.) 

2.  DIPHOLIS  A.  DC.      Shrubs  or  small  trees.      Leaf -blades  mostly  gla- 
brous.    Calyx-lobes  5,  pubescent.     Corolla-lobes  5,  each  3-lobed,  shorter  than 
the  tube.     Staminodia  petaloid.     Endosperm  copious. 

1.  D.  salicifolia  (L.)  A.  DC.  Evergreen  shrub,  or  tree  becoming  16  m.  tall: 
Aeaf -blades  elliptic  to  elliptic-oblanceolate,  5-12  cm.  long:  calyx-lobes  ovate  to 
oblong,  1.5  mm.  long:  corolla  4  mm.  wide;  lobes  oblong  or  oval:  staminodia 
ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate,  laciniate-toothed :  berries  oval  or  subglobose,  about 
8  mm.  in  diameter,  black. — BUSTIC.  CASSADA. 
Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.  (W.  I.) 

3.  BUMELIA  Sw.      Shrubs  or  trees.      Leaf -blades  mostly  pubescent  be- 
neath.   Calyx-lobes  5.    Corolla-lobes  5,  each  3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  suborbicu- 
lar, longer  than  the  tube.     Staminodia  petaloid.     Endosperm  wanting  or  very 
scant. 

Leaf-blades  glabrous,   or  merely  with  scattered  hairs  or  inconspicuously  cobwebby 

beneath. 

Fruit  oblong-cylindrlc.  1.  B.  angustifolia. 

Fruit  subglobose  or  oval. 

Leaf-blades  of  an  obovate  or  spatulate  type,  mainly 

broadest  above  the  middle. 

Twigs  copiously  pubescent  with  deep  red  hairs.  2.  B.  rufotomentosa. 

Twigs  glabrous  or  soon  becoming  so. 
Fruit  Jess  than  8  mm.  long. 

Corolla-lobes  about  1.5  mm.  long  :  leaf -blades 

blunt :  fruit  5  mm.  long.  3.  B.  microcarpa. 

Corolla-lobes  about  2  mm.  long :  leaf-blades 

retuse  :  fruit  6-7  mm.  long.  4.  B.  reclinata. 

Fruit  over  9  mm.  long.  5.  B.  megacocca. 

Leaf-blades  of  an  elliptic  type  broadest  at  the  middle.        6.  B.  lycioides. 
Leaf-blades  manifestly  or  copiously  pubescent  beneath. 

Pubescence  woolly,  not  at  all  lustrous.  1.  B.  lanuginosa. 

Pubescence    lustrous,    white,    becoming  tawny,    brown    or 

coppery.  8.  B.  tenax. 

1.  B.  angustifolia  Nutt.     Evergreen  shrub,  or  tree  becoming  8  m.  tall,  the 
twigs  glabrous:  leaves  relatively  few  and  not  crowded;  blades  oblanceolate  to 
oblanceolate-spatulate,  2-4  cm.  long,  smooth  and  glabrous:   calyx-lobes  ovate, 
2  mm.  long:  corolla  about  4  mm.  wide;  lateral  divisions  of  the  lobes  narrowly 
lanceolate,  irregularly  toothed :  staminodia  2.5  mm.  long,  lacerate :  berries  17-20 
mm.  long. — SAFFRON-PLUM.    ANTS-WOOD.    DOWNWARD-PLUM. 

Coastal  hammocks,  lower  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.)     All  year. 

2.  B.  rufotomentosa  Small.     Evergreen  shrub,  the  twigs  red-tomentose :   leaf- 
blades  obovate  or  oval,  1.5-2  cm.  long,  reticulate  and  sparingly  pubescent  be- 
neath with  red  hairs:   calyx-lobes  suborbicular,  nearly  1.5   mm.   long:   corolla 
about   3   mm.   wide:    lateral   divisions   of   the  lobes   ovate   or  ovate-lanceolate, 
acutish:  staminodia  slightly  over  1  mm.  long:  berries  about  5  mm.  in  diameter. 

Pinelands,  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) — Spr.-sum. 

3.  B.  microcarpa  Small.     Evergreen  shrub,  the  twigs  becoming  glabrous:  leaf- 
blades  spatulate,  oblanceolate,  or  rarely  oblong-obovate,  1-3.5  cm.  long,  cob- 
webby pubescent  beneath:  calyx-lobes  suborbicular,  about  1.5  mm.  long:  corolla 
about   2.5  mm.  wide;   lateral  divisions  of  the  lobes  ovate-lanceolate,  almost   1 
mm.    long:    staminodia    1.5   mm.    long,    erose:    berries   subglobose,    5    mm.    in 
diameter. 

Sandy  woods,  n.  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) — Spr.-sum. 


104  SYMPLOCOCACEAE. 

4.  B.  reclinata  Vent.    Evergreen  shrub,  the  twigs  glabrous :  leaf-blades  thinnish, 
oblanceolate,  varying  to  spatulate,  obovate,  or  ovate,  2-5  cm.  long,  somewhat 
reticulate  and  glabrous  beneath:  calyx-lobes  broadly  ovate  or  orbicular-ovate, 
1.8  mm.  long:  corolla  about  4  mm.  wide;  lateral  divisions  of  the  lobes  broadly 
lanceolate,  fully  1.5  cm,  long:   staminodia  ovate,  2  mm.  long,  erose:   berries 
oval,  6-7  mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  river-banks,  and  hammocks,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F. 
Keys.  (Cont.) — Spr.-sum.,  or  all  year  southward. 

5.  B.  megacocca  Small.    Evergreen  shrub,  the  twigs  glabrous :  leaf -blades  thick, 
obovate  to  oblong-oblanceolate,  1-3.5  cm.  long,  reticulate  and  glabrous  beneath: 
flowers  not  seen:  berries  globose  to  broadly  oval,  11-13  mm.  long. 

Sandy  woods,  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) — Spr.-sum. 

6.  B.  lycioides  (L.)  Gaertn.     Deciduous-leaved  shrub  or  small  tree,  the  twigs 
glabrous:   leaf -blades  elliptic,  oblong,  or  rarely  oblanceolate,  4-12  cm.  Jong, 
dull  and  prominently  reticulate  on  both  sides:   calyx-lobes  oval  or  orbicular- 
ovate,  2  mm.  long:   corolla  about  5  mm.  wide;  lateral  divisions  of  the  lobes 
lanceolate  or  broadly  lanceolate,  1.5  mm.  long,  entire:  staminodia  ovate,  2-2,5 
mm.  long,  entire:  berries  oval,  fully  10  mm.  long. — BUCKTHORN. 

Rich  woods  and  along  rivers,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Sum. 

7.  B.  lanuginosa    (Michx.)    Pers.     Deciduous-leaved  shrub,  or  tree  becoming 
20  m.  tall,  the  twigs  dull-tomentose :   leaf -blades  oblong-oblanceolate,  oblong- 
oboyate,   or  elliptic,   3-8   cm.  long,   dull-tomentose  beneath:    calyx-lobes  sub- 
orbicular  or  orbicular-ovate,  about  3  mm.  long:    corolla  about  5  mm.  wide; 
lateral  divisions  of  the  lobes  lanceolate,  fully  1.5  mm.  long:  undulate:  stami- 
nodia ovate,  2  mm.  long,  acute  or  acutish:    berries  oval  or  obovoid-oblong, 
10^15  mm.  long. — GUM-ELASTIC. 

Sandy  woods  and  near  streams,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Cont.) — Sum. 

8.  B.  tenax  (L.)  Willd.     Deciduous-leaved  shrub,  or  tree  becoming  9  m.  tall, 
the  twigs  lustrous-silky,  the  hairs  white,  becoming  tawny  or  copper-colored: 
leaf -blades  oblanceolate,  obovate-spatulate,  or  obovate,  2-7  cm;  long,  lustrous- 
silky  beneath:  calyx-lobes  suborbicular,  1-1.5  mm.  long:  corolla  about  5  mm. 
wide;   lateral  divisions  of  the  lobes  ovate  or  ovate-lanceolate,  fully  1.5  mm. 
long,   undulate:    staminodia   ovate,   2   mm.   long,   obtuse:    berries   obovoid   or 
oblong-obovoid,  10-14  mm.  long. — TOUGH-BUCKTHORN.    IRONWOOD.    BLACK-HAW. 

Sandy  woods,  mostly  near  the  coast,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

4.  MIMUSOPS  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaf-blades  leathery,  finely  many- 
veined.  Calyx-lobes  6  or  8,  the  outer  ones  valvate.  Corolla  with  dorsal  ap- 
pendages; lobes  6  or  8,  each  with  2  very  small  lateral  lobes.  Staminodia 
petaloid. 

1.  M.  emarginata  (L.)  Britton.  Evergreen  shrub,  or  small  tree:  leaves 
clustered  at  the  endte  of  the  branchlets;  blades  oblong,  3-10  cm.  long:  calyx, 
like  the  pedicels,  red-tomentose ;  lobes  lanceolate  to  ovate-lanceolate:  corolla 
light-yellow,  1.5-2  cm.  wide:  staminodia  triangular:  berries  spheroidal,  nearly 
3  cm.  thick. — WILD-DILLY. 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (IF.  /.) 

FAMILY  3.    SYMPLOCOCACEAE.    SWEETLEAF  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  hairs,  when  present,  simple.  Leaves  alternate: 
blades  usually  leathery,  entire  or  toothed.  Flowers  polygamo-dioecious  or 
perfect,  in  close  or  open  clusters.  Calyx  of  5  partially  united  sepals. 
Corolla  of  5  more  or  less  united  petals.  Androecium  of  numerous  stamens 
in  several  series,  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube.  Gynoecium  of  2-5 
carpels,  the  ovary  superior.  Fruit  baccate  or  drupaceous. 


STYBACACEAE.  105 

1.  SYMPLOCOS  Jacq.  Leaves  often  persistent:  blades  thick.  Inflo- 
rescence congested  or  open.  Calyx  often  persistent.  Corolla  deciduous. 
Stamens  conspicuous.  Style  columnar.  Fruits  often  crowned  \vith  the  calyx. 

1.  S.  tinctoria  (L.)  L'Her.  Evergreen  shrub  or  small  tree:  leaf -blades  ellip- 
tic, oblong,  or  oblong-oblanceolate,  4-15  cm.  long,  undulate  or  shallowly 
toothed,  tomentose  beneath:  flowers  densely  clustered:  calyx  2-2.5  mm.  long; 
lobes  shorter  than  the  tube:  corolla  yellowish;  lobes  obovate  or  obovate- 
spatulate,  6-8  mm.  long:  stamens  exserted:  drupe  10-14  mm.  long. — SWEET- 
LEAF.  HORSE-SUGAR. 

Sandy  or  rich  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

FAMILY  4.    STYRACACEAE.    STORAX  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees,  the  hairs  when  present  branched  or  scurfy.  Leaves 
alternate:  blades  entire  or  shallowly  toothed.  Flowers  perfect,  in  racemes, 
panicles,  cymes,  or  clusters.  Calyx  of  5,  or  4-8,  partially  united  sepals. 
Corolla  of  5,  or  4-8,  distinct  or  partially  united  petals.  Androecium  of 
8-16  stamens  in  one  series,  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla.  Gynoecium  of 
2-5  united  carpels,  the  ovary  sometimes  inferior.  Fruit  drupaceous  or 
capsular. 

Ovary  inferior  :  fruits  nut-like,  elongate,  winged.  1.  HALBSIA. 

Ovary  superior :  fruits  drupaceous,  subglobose.  2.  STYRAX. 

1.  HALESIA    Ellis.      Shrubs    or    trees.      Leaves    with    thinnish    blades^ 
deciduous.     Inflorescence  not  leafy-bracted.     Calyx  with  relatively  large  lobec. 
Corolla  with  nearly  erect  lobes  or  petals.     Anthers  oblong.     Ovules  4  in  each 
cavity,  1  pair  ascending,  1  pair  drooping.     [Mohrodendron  Britton.]  —  Spr. 

Corolla-lobes  longer  than  the  tube :   fruits   2-winged,  the  stipe  wholly  included   in 

the  wings. 

Corolla  2-3  cm.  long :  fruits  over  3  cm.  long.  1.  H.  diptera. 

Corolla  less  than  1.5  cm.  long:  fruits  less  than  3  cm.  long.      2.  H.  parviflora. 
Corolla-lobes  shorter  than  the  tube :  fruits  4-winged,  the  base  of 

the  stipe  free.  3.  H.  Carolina. 

1.  H.  diptera  Ellis.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  15  m.  tall,  the  twigs  copiously 
pubescent:  leaf- blades  oval,  oblong,  or  obovate,  4-15  cm.  long,  coarsely  toothed: 
calyx  6-7  mm.  long,  densely  pubescent:  corolla  20-30  mm.  long;  lobes  pubes- 
cent without:  filaments  and  style  pubescent:  fruits  2-winged. — SNOWDROP-TREE. 

Woods  and  stream-banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  H.    parviflora    Miehx.      Shrub    similar    to    the    preceding    and    succeeding 
species,  but  smaller  in  all  its  parts,  the  young  leaves,  pedicels  and  calyx  densely 
pubescent:  corolla  white,  8-12  mm.  long:  drupe  less  than  3  cm.  long,  the  two 
wings,  including  the  stipe. 

Sandy  woods,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Ga.) 

3.  H.  Carolina  L.     Shrub,  or  tree  becoming  25  m.  tall,  the  twigs  sparingly 
pubescent  or  glabrous:    leaf-blades  oblong,  oval,   or  obovate,   5-17   cm.   long, 
finely  serrate:   calyx  5-6  mm.  long,  glabrous:  corolla  20-25  mm.  long;  lobes 
glabrous    without:    filaments    and    style    glabrous:    fruits    4-winged. — SILVER- 
BELL-TREE. 

Woods,  n.  Fla.  and  adj.  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  STYBAX  [Tourn.]  L.    Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaves  with  thickish  blades  but 
deciduous.      Inflorescence    leafy-bracted.      Calyx   with    minute    lobes.      Corolla 
with  recurved  petals  or  lobes.    Anthers  linear.    Ovules  several,  ascending.— Spr. 
—STORAX. 


106  OLEACEAE. 

Corolla-lobes  valvate  in  the  bud.  1.  8.  americana. 

Corolla-lobes  manifestly  imbricated  or  convolute  in  the  bud. 

Bracts  of  the  inflorescence  mostly  leaf-like  :  leaf-blades  slightly 

pubescent  beneath.  2.  8.  pulverulenta. 

Bracts  of  the  inflorescence  only  leaf-like  at  the  base  of  the 

panicle  or  raceme :  leaf-blades  densely  pubescent  beneath.      3.  S.  grandifolia. 

1.  S.  americana  Lam.     Shrub,  with  sparingly  stellate  twigs:  leaf -blades  oval, 
elliptic  or  oblong,  varying  to  ovate  or  obovate,  2-10  cm.  long,  entire  or  dis- 
tinctly  and   shallowly   toothed:    pedicels   glabrous   or   nearly   so:    calyx   much 
shorter    than    the    pedicel:    corolla-lobes    elliptic-oblong    or    lanceolate-oblong, 
acute :  drupes  6-8  mm.  in  diameter. 

Swamps,  stream-banks,  and  moist  hillsides,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  S.   pulverulenta   Michx.      Shrub,  with   densely   stellate   twigs:    leaf -blades 
ovate,   oval   or   obovate,   2-8   em.   long,  sharply   serrate   or  undulate:    pedicels 
canescent  or  hoary:  calyx  about  as  long  as  the  pedicel:  corolla-lobes  oblong  or 
oblong-lanceolate,  rather  obtuse:  drupes  7-9  mm.  in  diameter. 

Pineland-swamps,  moist  pinelands,  and  stream-banks,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper 
pen.  (Cont.) 

3.  S.  grandifolia  Ait.    Shrub,  with  densely  stellate  twigs :  leaf -blades  ovate,  oval 
or  sometimes  elliptic,  9-20  cm.  long,  coarsely  toothed  or  nearly  entire :  pedicels 
canescent:  corolla-lobes  elliptic:  drupes  8-10  mm.  in  diameter. 

Rich  woods  and  stream-banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

Order  OLEALES. 

Shrubs,  trees,  undershrubs,  or  partially  herbaceous  plants.  Leaves 
opposite,  or  rarely  alternate  or  whorled:  blades  simple  or  compound. 
Flowers  perfect,  polygamous,  or  dioecious.  Calyx  of  4  or  more  partially 
united  sepals,  or  wanting.  Corolla  of  2-6  distinct  or  partially  united 
petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  2-4  stamens  partially  adnate  to  the 
corolla  when  it  is  present.  Gynoecium  of  2  united  carpels,  the  ovary 
superior.  Fruit  a  capsule,  a  samara,  or  a  berry,  usually  1-celled  by 
suppression. 

FAMILY  1.    OLEACEAE.     OLIVE  FAMILY. 

Woody  or  partially  woody  plants  with  erect  or  climbing  stems. 
Leaves  predominantly  opposite:  blades  simple  and  entire  or  toothed,  or 
pinnately  compound. 

Shrubs  or  trees  with  simple  or  compound  leaf -blades  :  fruit  not  didymous. 

Fruit  dry.  a  samara  :  leaf-blades  pinnately  compound.  1.  FRAXIXUS. 
Fruit  fleshy,  a  drupe  or  a  berry :  leaf-blades  simple. 

Corolla  wanting  or  obsolete  :  style  slender.  2.  FOKESTIERA. 
Corolla  present :  style  stout. 

Corolla  rotate,  white ;  lobes  elongate.  3.  CHIONANTHUS. 

Corolla  salverform,  greenish ;  lobes  short.  4.  OSMANTHUS. 

Woody  vines  with  compound  leaf-blades :  fruits  didymous.  5.  JASMINUM. 

1.  FRAXINUS  [Tourn.]  L.  Shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite:  blades 
unequally  pinnate.  Flowers  polygamous,  dioecious,  or  rarely  perfect,  in  clus- 
ters or  t>anicles.  Calyx  unequally  4-lobed,  or  obsolete.  Corolla  of  2-4  petals, 
or  wanting.  Stamens  2  or  rarely  3  or  4.  Stigma  2-lobed.  Samara  winged  at 
the  tip  or  all  around.  —  Spr.  —  ASH. 

Samara  spatulate  or  oblong  spatulate.  1.   F.  pauciflora. 

Samara  elliptic  to  ovate  or  obovate.  2.  F.  curoUniana. 


OLEACEAE.  107 

1.  F.  pauciflora  Nutt.    Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  glabrous: 
leaflets  5-7;  blades  of  the  lateral  ones  lanceolate,  elliptic,  or  oblong  or  some 
of  them  ovate,  4-15  cm.  long,  undulate  or  repand:  samaras  4-6  cm.  long,  the 
wing  oblong  to  spatulate,  longitudinally  veined. — SWAMP-ASH. 

River-swamps,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  F.  caroliniana  Mill.     Tree  sometimes  12  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs  often 
pubescent:  leaflets  5-9,  usually  5-7;  blades  of  the  lateral  ones  elliptic-lanceo- 
late, 4-12  cm.  long,  shallowly  serrate  or  nearly  entire:  samaras  4-5  cm.  long, 
the  wings  elliptic,  or  nearly  so,  varying  to  ovate  or  obovate,  pinnately  veined. 
— WATER-ASH.    POP-ASH. 

River-swamps,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  FORESTIERA  Poir.     Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaves  opposite:  blades  simple. 
Flowers  mostly  polygamo-dioecious,   in  lateral  clusters.     Calyx  minute,  4-6- 
lobed,    or    obsolete.      Corolla    wanting,    or    rarely    of    1-2    deciduous    petals. 
Stamens  2-4.     Stigma  2-lobed.     Drupe  oblong  to  globular. 

Leaf-blades  entire,  obtuse :  drupes  globular  or  slightly  longer  than  thick,  straight. 
Drupe  globular.  1.  F.  globosa. 

Drupe  oblong  or  oval. 

Leaf-blades  linear  or  broadened  upward :  drupe  with  an 

oblong  stone  less  than  6  mm.  long.  2.  F.  pinetorum. 

Leaf-blades  oblong  or  broadened  upward :  drupe  with  an 

oval  stone  over  6  mm.  long.  3.  F.  porulosa. 

Leaf-blades  toothed,  acuminate :  drupes  much  longer  than  thick, 

curved.  4.  F.  acuminata. 

1.  F.  globosa  Small.     Shrub  with  intricately  branched  stems  1-3  m.  tall,  the 
twigs  pale  gray  and  striate:  leaf -blades  oblong,  elliptic  or  slightly  broadened 
upward,  leathery-fleshy,  mainly  1-2  cm.  long,  slightly  paler  beneath  than  above: 
flowers  few,  nearly  sessile:  bracts  oval  to  suborbicular,  2-2.5  mm.  long,  ciliate: 
sepals  minute  or  obsolete :  drupes  globular,  7-9  mm.  in  diameter,  blue. 

Coastal  sand-dunes,  e.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

2.  F.  pinetorum  Small.     Shrub  with  short  rigid  branches  0.2-1  m.  tall,  the 
twigs  puberulent:  leaf -blades  1-2.5  cm.  long,  linear-spatulate,  entire,  remaining 
thin:  bracts  obovate  to  orbicular-cuneate,  1.5-2  mm.  long,  ciliate:   drupes  oval, 
5-6  mm.  long,  equilateral. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys.     (Endemic.) 

3.  F.  porulosa  (Michx.)  Poir.     Small  tree  or  shrub  1-3  m.  tall,  the  twigs  gla- 
brous or  nearly  so:  leaf -blades  1.5-5  cm.  long,  oblong-lanceolate  to  spatulate, 
entire:  bracts  oval  or  suborbicular,  about  1.5  mm.  long,  ciliate:  drupes  oblong, 
7-8  m.  long. — FLORIDA-PRIVET. 

Coastal  hammocks,  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

4.  F.  acuminata  (Michx.)  Poir.    Tree  sometimes  10  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  twigs 
glabrous:    leaf -blades   3-10    cm.   long,   elliptic-oval   to    ovate-elliptic,   slightly 
serrate:   bracts  rhombic,  5-6  cm.  long:    drupes  narrowly  oblong,  12-15  mm. 

long. — FORESTIERA. 

River-banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

3.  CHIONANTHTJS   L.     Shrubs   or   trees.     Leaves    opposite,   deciduous: 
blades  simple.    Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  in  drooping  festoon-like  panicles. 
Calyx  deeply  4-lobed.    Corolla  white :  lobes  narrow,  many  times  longer  than  the 
tube.     Stamens  2:   filaments  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube.     Stigma  notched  or 
2-lobed.    Drupe  oval  to  subglobose. 

1.  C.  virginica  L.     Tree  rarely  10  m.  tall  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  oval,  oblong, 
or  elliptic,  varying  to  obovate,  5-15  cm.  long:  panicles  5-20  cm.  long:  calyx- 


108  SPIGELIACEAE. 

lobes  ovate  to  lanceolate,  acute:  petals  linear,  1.5-2.5  cm.  long:  drupes  1.5-2 
cm.  long,  deep-green  or  nearly  black. — FRINGE-TREE.  OLD-MAN'S  BEARD. 

Rich  woods  and  banks  of  streams,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

4.  OSMANTHUS  Lour.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  opposite,  persistent: 
blades  simple.     Flowers  polygamous,  in  axillary  racemes  or  panicles.     Calyx 
prominently   4-lobed.      Corolla   greenish   or   white,   funnelform:    lobes   broad, 
about  as  long  as  the  tube,  or  longer.    Stamens  2 :  filaments  partially  adnate  to 
the  corolla-tube.    Stigma  entire  or  2-lobed.     Drupe  ovoid  or  globose.  —  Spr. 

Inflorescence-branches  glabrous :  drupes  dark-purple.  1.  O.  americana. 

Inflorescence-branches  pubescent :  drupes  yellowish-green.  2.  O.  floridana. 

1.  O.  americana  (L.)  B.  &  H.     Tree  becoming  15  m.  tall  or  shrub,  the  bark 
pale:  leaf -blades  narrowly  elliptic,  varying  to  oblanceolate  or  lanceolate,  5-20 
cm.  long,  entire,  lustrous  above:    inflorescence-branches  and  calyx  glabrous: 
corolla  3-4  mm.  long:  drupes  10-14  mm.  long. — WILD-OLIVE.     DEVILWOOD. 

Hammocks,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

2.  O.  floridana  Chapm.    Similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  relatively  larger 
throughout:    leaf -blades  relatively  broader:    inflorescence-branches   and   calyx 
pubescent:  corolla  4-5  mm.  long:  drupes  16-20  mm.  long. — FLORIDA-DEVILWOOD. 

Pinelands  and  sand-dunes,  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

5.  JASMINUM  L.    Woody  vines.    Leaves  opposite :  blades  3-7-f  oliolate  or 
sometimes  1-foliolate.     Flowers  mostly  in  terminal  compound  cymes.     Calyx- 
tube  short :  lobes  4-9,  often  narrow.    Corolla  white  or  colored,  salverf orm :  lobes 
4-12.    Stamens  2 :  anthers  introrse.    Ovary  2-celled.    Berry  2-lobed.    Seeds  1-4, 
mostly  2,  in  each  carpel. 

1.  J.  grandiflorum  L.  Stems  mostly  diffusely  reclining:  leaflets  mostly  5-7; 
blades  ovate  to  oval,  mucronate,  except  the  usually  ovate-lanceolate  or  narrowly 
ovate  acute  or  acuminate  terminal  one:  calyx  4-8  mm.  long;  lobes  subulate, 
often  unequal:  corolla  white;  tube  17-21  mm.  long;  lobes  mostly  oblong  to 
oval,  obtuse. — SPANISH-JESSAMINE. 

Roadsides  and  cultivated  grounds,  s.  pen.  Fla.     Nat.  of  Eu.     (W.  I.) 

Order  GENTIANALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  sometimes  aquatic  or  humus  plants  or  vines. 
Leaves  mainly  opposite :  blades  simple.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  solitary 
or  in  cymes.  Calyx  of  5  partially  united  sepals,  or  fewer.  Corolla  of  5 
partially  united  petals,  or  fewer.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as 
there  are  corolla-lobes:  filaments  often  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla- 
tube.  Gynoecium  of  2  more  or  less  united  carpels.  Fruit  capsular, 
baccate  or  drupaceous. 

Sepals  nearly  distinct :   corolla  broadly  funnelform  :  free  portions  of  the  filaments 
elongate  :  stigmas  4,  distinct :  capsule  flattened.  1.  GELSEMIUM. 

Sepals  well  united  :   corolla  trumpet-shaped  :  free  portions  of  the 
filaments  very  short :  stigmas  united  :  capsule  thick.  2.  ADENOPLEA. 

FAMILY  1.     SPIGELIACEAE.    LOGAXIA  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  vines,  or  woody  plants.  Leaves  typically  opposite.  Flowers 
in  open  or  compact  clusters.  Calyx  of  4  or  5  partially  united  sepals. 
Corolla  of  4  or  5  partially  united  petals  Androecium  of  4  or  5  stamens. 


APOCYNACEAE.  109 

Gynoecium  of  2  united  carpels,  or  rarely  more :  ovary  2-celled  or  rarely  4- 
celled.  Fruit  capsular  and  2-valved,  or  baccate  or  drupaceous. 

1.  GELSEMIUM  Juss.     Evergreen  vines.     Flowers  in  axillary  cymes,  or 
solitary.      Calyx   5-lobed.      Corolla   funnelform,   straight.     Filaments  with   the 
free  portion  much  longer  than  the  adnate  portion.     Stigmas  4.     Capsule  flat- 
tened contrary  to  the  septum,  septicidal.     Seeds  winged. 

1.  G-.  sempervirens  (L.)  Ait.  f.  Stem  and  branches  often  tangled  and  matted: 
leaf -blades  lanceolate,  oblong-lanceolate  or  ovate,  1.5-9  cm.  long,  entire:  flower- 
stalks  scaly:  calyx-lobes  3-4  mm.  long:  corolla  deep-yellow,  3-4  cm.  long:  cap- 
sules 1-1.5  cm.  long,  veiny:  seed-body  barely  as  long  as  the  wing. — YELLOW- 
JESSAMINE.  EVENING  TRUMPET-FLOWER. 

Woods  and  thickets,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) — Spr. 

2.  ADENOPLEA  Eadlk.     Shrubs  or  partially  woody  plants.     Flowers  in 
lax  or  dense  cymes  borne  in  racemes  or  panicles.     Calyx-lobes  4,  shorter  than 
the  tube.     Corolla  trumpet-shaped,  curved.     Filaments  to  below  the  middle  of 
the  corolla-tube.    Capsule  thick,  septicidal. 

1.  A.  Lindleyana  (Fort.)  Small.  Stems  diffusely  branched,  1-2  m.  tall,  the 
branches  angled:  leaf -blades  ovate  to  lanceolate,  3-9  cm.  long,  entire,  glabrous: 
panicles  1-3  dm.  long,  often  partially  drooping:  calyx  about  2.5  mm.  long: 
corolla  purplish,  violet  or  reddish,  12-16  mm.  long,  the  tube  curved:  capsules 
4-5  mm.  long. 

Waste  places,  roadsides,  and  about  gardens,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.  (Cont., 
W.  I.) — Sum.-fall. 

Order  ASCLEPIADALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs  or  trees,  commonly  with  a  milky  juice.  Leaves  alternate 
or  opposite:  blades  entire.  Inflorescence  cymose,  sometimes  umbellate. 
Calyx  of  usually  5,  partially  united,  sepals.  Corolla  of  usually  5  partially 
united  petals.  Androecium  of  5  distinct  or  monadelphous  stamens.  Pollen 
granular,  or  in  waxy  masses.  Gynoecium  of  usually  2  carpels  sometimes 
only  united  at  the  apex.  Stigma  terminal.  Fruit  a  pair  of  follicles,  or 
drupaceous. 

FAMILY  1.  APOCYNACEAE.  DOGBANE  FAMILY. 
Perennial  herbs,  vines,  shrubs  or  trees,  mostly  with  a  milky  acrid 
juice.  Leaf -blades  simple.  Androecium  of  5  stamens  with  the  anthers 
converging  around  the  stigma  or  partly  adhering  to  it.  Filaments  partially 
adnate  to  the  corolla-tube  Pollen-grains  simple.  Gynoecium  of  2  distinct 
carpels  or  2  united  carpels.  Styles  united.  Stigmas  simple.  Fruit  usually 
of  2  follicles  or  drupes.  Seed  often  appendaged. 

Anthers  unappendaged  at  the  base,  not  connected  with  the  stigma :  fruit  drupaceous. 
Corolla  salverform  :  drupe  elongate.  1.  VALLESIA. 

Corolla  funnelform  :  drupe  depressed.  2.  CERBERA. 

Anthers  appendaged  at  the  base,  partly  adherent  to  the  stigma  :  fruit 

follicular.  3.  NERIUM. 

1.  VALLESIA  R.  &  P.  Scrubs.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  relatively  broad. 
Calyx-lobes  short.  Corolla  salverform,  the  throat  contracted  at  the  mouth. 
Drupe  narrow.  Seeds  clavate. 

1.  V.  glabra  Cav.  Shrub  3  m.  tall  or  less,  the  branches  sometimes  elongate 
and  vine-like:  leaves  remote;  blades  elliptic  to  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate, 


110  CONVOLVULACEAE. 

4-7  cm.  long:  calyx-lobes  deltoid  to  ovate-deltoid,  less  than  1  cm.  long:  corolla 
white;  tube  5-6  mm.  long;  lobes  linear-oblong,  3-4  mm.  long:  drupe  10-14  Him. 
long. 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  CEEBEEA  L.      Shrubs  or  trees.      Leaves  alternate:   blades  relatively 
narrow.     Calyx-lobes  long.     Corolla  funnelform,  the  throat  not  constricted  at 
the  mouth.     Drupe  broad.     Seeds  angular.     [Thevetia  L.] 

1.  C.  Thevetia  L.  Shrub:  leaves  approximate;  blades  narrowly  linear,  8-16  cm. 
long:  calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  5-7  mm.  long:  corolla  saffron-colored;  tube  2-2.5 
cm.  long;  lobes  very  broad,  3—4  cm.  long:  drupe  depressed,  3—4  cm.  broad. — 
TRUMPET-FLOWER.  YELLOW-OLEANDER. 

Pinelands  and  waste  places, s. pen.Fla. and  the  F.  Keys.     Nat.  of  Trop.  Am.     (W.I.) 

3.  NEEIUM    [Tourn.]    L.       Shrubs   or   trees.      Leaves   opposite:    blades 
relatively  narrow.     Corolla  salverform,  the  throat  campanulate,  with  toothed 
scales  at  the  mouth,  the  lobes  spreading,  broad.    Follicles  elongate. 

1.  N.  Oleander  L.  Tree  becoming  10  m.  tall,  or  shrub:  leaf -blades  narrowly 
elliptic  to  linear-elliptic,  6-15  cm.  long,  many- veined:  calyx-lobes  lanceolate, 
4.5-6  mm.  long:  corolla  white  to  rose-purple;  limb  3-4.5  cm.  wide,  the  lobes 
obliquely  apiculate:  follicles  1-2  dm.  long. — OLEANDER. 

Roadsides  and  fields,  occasional  throughout  Fla.     Nat.  of  the  Levant.     (W.  I.) 

Order  POLEMONIALES. 

Herbs,  or  sometimes  shrubs  or  trees,  the  plants  of  some  groups  para- 
sitic. Leaves  with  dilated  blades  or  scale-like.  Flowers  mainly  perfect. 
Calyx  of  partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  partially  united  petals, 
regular  or  irregular.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are 
corolla-lobes,  or  fewer,  sometimes  partially  represented  by  staminodia,  or 
partially  obsolete.  Gynoecium  of  2  distinct  or  several  united  carpels. 
Ovary  superior.  Fruit  a  capsule,  a  berry  or  a  drupe,  or  a  group  of  nut- 
lets or  utricle-like. 

Stamens  5. 

Fruit  capsular  :  styles  or  stigmas  distinct.  Fam.  1.  COXVOLVULACEAE. 

Fruit  baccate,  drupaceous,  or  of  nutlets. 

Fruits    baccate :    styles    wholly    united :    anthers 

opening  by  pores.  Fam.  2.   SOLANACEAE. 

Fruits  drupaceous  or  of  2  or  4  nutlets  :  styles 
partially  united :  anthers  opening  length- 
wise. 

Style,  or  stigmas,  not  furnished  with  a  glan- 
dular ring.  Fam.  3.  EHEETIACEAE. 
Style,  or  stigmas,  furnished  with  a  glandular 

ring.  Fam.  4.  HELIOTROPIACEAE. 

Stamens  4. 

Corolla  not  2-lipped. 

Fruits  drupaceous  :  sepals  united.  Fam.  5.  VERBENACEAE. 

Fruits  capsular  :  sepals  nearly  distinct.  Fam.  6.  AVICENNIACEAE. 

Corolla  2-lipped. 

Carpels  ripening  into  a  group  of  4  nutlets.  Fam.  7.  LAMIACEAE. 

Carpels  ripening  into  a  capsule. 

Placenta  of  the  ovary  axile :  calyx  5-lobed.  Fam.  8.  RHINANTHACEAE. 

Placenta  of  the  ovary  parietal :  calyx  2-lobed.      Fam.  9.  BIGNONIACEAE. 

FAMILY  1.     CONVOLVULACEAE.    MORNING-GLORY  FAMILY. 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  or  vines,  or  rarely  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves 
alternate,  without  stipules:  blades  various.  Flowers  perfect,  regular, 


SOLAN ACEAE.  Ill 

solitary  or  cymose.  Calyx  of  5,  more  or  less  united  sepals,  in  one  or  two 
series.  Corolla  convolute  in  aestivation,  its  limb  lobed  or  entire.  Androe- 
cium  of  5  stamens,  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube,  alternate  with  the 
lobes.  Gynoecium  of  2  united  carpels.  Ovary  2-4-celled  (rarely  5-celled, 
or  1-celled  by  the  breaking  down  of  the  septum).  Seeds  1  or  2  in  each 
cavity,  often  pubescent. 

1.  JACQUEMONTIA  Choisy.  Shrubs,  herbs,  or  trailing  or  twining  vines. 
Leaf -blades  entire  or  rarely  toothed  or  lobed.  Flowers  in  loose  eymes  without 
conspicuous  bracts,  or  solitary.  Calyx-lobes  equal  or  unequal.  Corolla  white, 
blue,  or  violet,  funnelform  or  rotate-f unnelf orm :  limb  plaited.  Capsule  sub- 
globose,  4-valved  or  sub-8-valved. 

1.  J.  Curtissii  Peter.  Shrub  with  prostrate,  spreading,  or  erect,  glabrous  or 
slightly  cobwebby-pubescent  stems,  2-9  dm.  long:  leaf -blades  oblong  or  oblong- 
spatulate,  1-2  cm.  long,  obtuse  or  abruptly  pointed,  slightly  revolute:  calyx- 
lobes  orbicular-ovate  or  oval :  corolla  whitish  or  violet,  2.5-3  cm.  broad :  capsules 
5-6  mm.  long. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys.     (Endemic.) 

FAMILY  2.     SOLANACEAE.    POTATO  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate :  blades  entire,  toothed, 
or  lobed.  Calyx  of  5,  (4-6),  more  or  less  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  5, 
(4-6),  more  or  less  united  petals.  Androecium  of  5,  (4-6),  stamens,  the 
filaments  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube.  Gynoecium  2-carpellary  or 
3-5-carpellary.  Fruit  a  berry  or  a  capsule. 

Corolla  plicate ;  lobes  usually  Indupllcate.  1.   SOLANUM. 

Corolla  little,  if  at  all  plicate;  lobes  imbricate  or  valTOte. 

Stamens  adnate  to  the  base  of  the  corolla  tube:  corolla  rotate.          2.  CAPSICUM. 
Stamens  adnate  high  up  on  the  corolla-tube :  corolla  salverform 

or  funnelform. 

Stamens  unequal :  filaments  adnate  to  the  mouth  of  the  corolla- 
tube  :  seeds  flattened.  3.  LTCIUM. 
Stamens  equal   or  nearly  so :  filaments  adnate  to  about  the 
middle  of  the  corolla-tube  :  seeds  not  flattened.                               4.  CESTRUM. 

1.  SOLANUM  [Tourn.]  L.  Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  or  vines  or  trees. 
Leaf-blades  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed.  Flowers  variously  clustered.  Calyx 
sometimes  accrescent.  Corolla  rotate,  of  various  colors:  lobes  longer  than  the 
tube.  Anthers  narrow,  converging  or  united,  much  longer  than  the  filaments. 
— NIGHTSHADE. 

Twigs  and  leaves  glabrous  :  calyx-lobes  lanceolate.  1.  8.  Pseudo-capsicum. 

Twigs  and  leaves  pubescent :   calyx-lobes  minute,  ovate  or 

deltoid. 
Leaf-blades  velvety-tomentose  beneath,  unarmed. 

Corolla-lobes  ovate  to  oval-ovate :  ovary  pubescent : 

berries  yellow.  2.  8.  verbascifolium. 

Corolla-lobes  linear  to  linear-lanceolate  or  lanceolate : 

ovary  glabrous  :  berries  red.  3.  8.  Blodgettii. 

Leaf-blades  finely  and  rather  harshly  pubescent  beneath, 

often  spiny.  4.  8.  "bahamense. 

1.  S.  Pseudo-capsicum  L.  Shrub  8-19  dm.  tall :  leaf -blades  oblong  to  oblanceo- 
late,  3-10  cm.  long,  undulate  or  repand:  calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  about  2.5  mm. 
long,  eciliate:  corolla  white,  11-14  mm.  wide;  lobes  oval  to  ovate-oval,  eciliate: 
anthers  oblong:  berries  globose,  10-15  mm.  in  diameter,  scarlet. — JERUSALEM- 
CHERRY. 

Waste  places  and  woods,  n.  Fla.  Nat.,  probably,  of  the  Old  World  tropics. 
(Cont.) — Spr.-fall. 


112  SOLANACEAE. 

2.  S.  verbascifolium  L.     Shrub  or  small  tree:   leaf -blades  oblong  to  oblong- 
ovate  or  ovate,  10-30  cm.  long,  velvety-tomentose,  entire:    calyx-lobes  ovate, 
ciliate,    obtuse:    corolla   white,    15-18   mm.   wide;    lobes   ovate    to   oval-ovate, 
acutish,  ciliate:  anthers  oblong:  ovary  pubescent:  berries  globular,  10-20  mm. 
in  diameter,  yellow. — POTATO-TREE. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  S.  Blodgettii  Chapm.     Shrub  with  simple  or  sparingly  branched  stems  3-18 
dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  oblong,  often  narrowly  so,  5-15  cm.  long,  hoary-scurfy  and 
tomentulose,  undulate:    calyx-lobes  minute  or  deltoid,   shorter   than   the  tube: 
corolla   white   or   bluish,   14-17   mm.   wide;    lobes  linear   to   linear-lanceolate, 
obtuse:    anthers  linear:   ovary  glabrous:   berries  red,  4-6  mm.   in  diameter. — 
BLODGETT  'S-NIGHTSHADE. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (TV.  I.) 

4.  S.  bahamense  L.    Shrub  with  much-branched  stems  5-20  dm.  tall :  leaf -blades 
oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate,  4-12  cm.  long,  thinly  rough-pubescent,  undulate: 
calyx-lobes  minute,  as  long  as  the  tube  or  shorter:    corolla  violet-blue,  some- 
times pale,  10-12  mm.  wide;  lobes  linear  or  nearly  so,  acute  or  acutish:  anthers 
linear:  ovary  glabrous :  berries  red, 6-8  mm.  in  diameter. — BAHAMA-NIGHTSHADE. 

Sand-dunes  and  hammocks,  lower  e.  coast  of  Fla.,  the  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.I.) 

2.  CAPSICUM  [Tourn.]  L.     Herbs  or  shrubs,  unarmed.    Leaf-blades  flat, 
entire  or  repand.     Flowers  axillary  or  cymose.     Calyx  truncate  or  minutely 
lobed.     Corolla  usually  white,  nearly  rotate:  lobes  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube. 
Filaments  adnate   to   the   lower  part    of   the   corolla-tube,   glabrous:    anthers 
longer  than  the  filaments.     Ovary  not  depressed:  stigma  minute. — PEPPER. 

Calyx  markedly  toothed  at  maturity  :  berries  subglobose.  1.  C.  baccatum. 

Calyx  truncate  at  maturity  :  berries  oblong  to  conic.  2.   C.  frutescens. 

1.  C.  baccatum  L.    Stems  1-3  m.  tall :  leaf -blades  ovate,  oblong-ovate  to  ovate- 
lanceolate,  2-5  cm.  long:   calyx  mainly  2.5-3  mm.  long:   corolla  about  5  mm. 
long:   berries  5-10  mm.  long,  red. 

Hammocks,    roadsides,    and   cultivated    grounds,    pen.    Fla.    and    the    F.    Keys. 
(Cont.,  W.  I.) 

2.  C.  frutescens  L.     Stems  0.5-2  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  ovate  to  ovate-lanceolate, 
1-3  cm.  long:  calyx  mainly  1.5-2  mm.  long:  corolla  about  4  mm.  long:  berries 
8-12  mm.  long  or  longer,  red. 

Hammocks,  thickets,  and  roadsides,  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

3.  LYCIUM  L.      Shrubs  or  woody  vines,  commonly  spiny.      Leaf-blades 
thick,  sometimes  terete,  entire.     Flowers  axillary,  sometimes  clustered.     Calyx, 
markedly  lobed.     Corolla  white  or  colored,  funnelform,  salverform,  or  nearly 
campanulate:   lobes  longer  than  the  usually  short  tube,   or   shorter.     Anthers 
shorter  than  the  pubescent  filaments.     Stigma  dilated. — MATRIMOXY-VINE. 

1.  L.  carolinianum  Walt.  Shrub  3-15  dm.  tall,  with  recurving  branches:  leaves 
succulent,  0.5-2  cm.  long:  calyx-lobes  deltoid  or  triangular-ovate,  acute:  corolla 
blue  or  lilac,  or  rarely  white;  lobes  3-6  mm.  long:  berries  red,  8-12  mm.  long. 
Coastal  sand-dunes,  shore-hammocks,  and  salt-marshes,  nearly  throughout 
Fla.  (W.  I.) 

4.  OESTRUM  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  entire.     Flowers  in  axil- 
lary clusters,  sometimes  aggregated  in  a  panicle  or  corymb.     Calyx  markedly 
lobed.     Corolla  white  or  colored,  funnelform  or  salverform:  lobes  much  shorter 
than  the  tube.    Filaments  adnate  to  the  middle  of  the  corolla-tube  or  above  it, 
glabrous:    anthers   globular.     Stigma  enlarged. — NIGHT-BLOOMING  JESSAMINE. 


EHEETIACE  AE.  1 1 3 

Corolla  15  mm.  long  or  less :  lobes  as  wide  as  long :  filaments  adnate  to  above  the 
middle  of  the  corolla-tube.  1.  C.  diurnum. 

Corolla  20  mm.  long  or  more ;  lobes  longer  than  wide :  filaments 

adnate  to  about  the  middle  of  the  corolla-tube.  2.  C.  Parqui. 

1.  O.  diurnum  L.    Plants  minutely  pubescent,  1-2.5  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  oblong 
to  oblong-lanceolate,  5-12  em.  long;  petioles  mostly  less  than  10  mm.  long: 
calyx  about  3  mm.  long;  tube  campanulate ;  lobes  broadly  ovate:  corolla  11-15 
mm.  long;  lobes  rounded. 

Hammocks  and  roadsides,  Key  West.    Nat.  of  the  W.  I.     (Con*.) 

2.  C.  Parqui  L  'Her.    Plants  nearly  glabrous,  1-2  m.  tall :  leaf -blades  oblong  to 
oblong-lanceolate,  10-20  cm.  long;   petioles  mostly  over  10  mm.  long:   calyx 
4-4.5  mm.   long;    tube   nearly   cylindrie;    lobes   deltoid   to    triangulate-ovate : 
corolla  20-25  mm.  long;  lobes  apiculate. 

Woods,  waste  places,  and  roadsides,  n.  and  pen.  Pla.  Nat.  of  Trop.  Am. 
(Cont.,  W.  L) 

FAMILY  3.    EHRETIACEAE,    EHEETIA  FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  sometimes  herbs.  Leaves  mainly  alternate:  blades 
mostly  entire.  Flowers  perfect,  cymose.  Calyx  of  5,  (4-6),  partially 
united  sepals.  Corolla  of  5,  (4-6),  partially  united  petals.  Androecium 
of  5,  (4-6),  stamens,  the  filaments  more  or  less  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube. 
Gynoecium  2^4-carpellary :  styles  2  and  distinct  or  partially  united,  or 
united  by  pairs.  Fruit  drupaceous  or  of  4  nutlets. 

Styles  4,  unequally  united  by  pairs  :  calyx  accrescent :  fruits  enclosed. 

Corolla  long-funnelform ;  limb  deeply  lobed :  calyx-tube  cylindrie.     1.  SEBESTEN. 

Corolla  short-funnelform ;  limb  slightly  lobed :  calyx-tube  cam- 
panulate. 2.  VAKBONIA. 
Styles  2 :  calyx  not  accrescent :  fruits  not  enclosed.                                 3.  BOUBRERIA. 

1.  SEBESTEN  Adans.    Shrubs  or  trees.    Flowers  in  open  clusters.    Sepals 
usually   united    to    above    the    middle.      Corolla   bright-colored,    shallowly    or 
deeply  lobed.     Filaments  adnate  to  above  or  below  the  middle  of  the  corolla- 
tube.    Fruits  included,  adnate  to  the  accrescent  calyx. 

1.  S.  Sebestena  (L.)  Britton.     Small  tree  or  shrub,  the  twigs  strigose:  leaf- 
blades  ovate  or  oblong-ovate,  8-12  cm.  long,  undulate  or  repand:  calyx  14-19 
mm.  long;  tube  cylindrie:  corolla -lobes  much  snorter  than  the  tube. — GEIGER-TEEE. 
Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  VAERONIA  Jacq.    Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.    Flowers  in  open  clusters  or 
in  heads.    Sepals  usually  united  to  above  the  middle.    Corolla  white  or  colored, 
shallowly  or  deeply  lobed.     Filaments  adnate  to  above  or  below  the  middle  of 
the  corolla-tube. 

1.  V.  globosa  Jacq.  Branched  shrub  1-3  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  ovate  to  oblong- 
ovate,  1-5  cm.  long,  serrate:  calyx  about  8  mm.  long:  corolla  white,  5-7  mm. 
long. 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  BOURRERIA  Jacq.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Flowers  in  corymbose  cymes. 
Sepals  united  to  above  the  middle.    Corolla  white  or  colored,  prominently  lobed. 
Filaments  adnate  to  above  or  below  the  middle  of  the  corolla-tube. 

Anthers   about   as   long   as   the   free   portion   of   the   filaments:   leaf -blades   short- 

petioled. 

Drupes  9-11  mm.  wide :  corolla-tube  much  exceeding  the  calyx.  1.  B.  revoluta. 
Drupes  7-8  mm.  wide :  corolla-tube  about  equalling  the  calyx  or 

slighly  longer.  2.  B.  cassinifolia. 

Anthers  much  shorter  than  the  free  portion  of  the  filaments :  leaf- 
blades  slender-petioled.  3.  B.  ovata. 
Shrubs  of  Florida — 8. 


114  HELIOTROPIACEAE. 

1.  B.  revoluta  H.B.K.     Small  tree  or  shrub,  with  pubescent  twigs:  leaf -blades 
oblong  to  obovate,  mostly  2-7  cm.  long,  abruptly  pointed,  rounded  or  notched, 
permanently  rough-pubescent  and  ciliate,  or  sometimes  smooth:  cymes  several- 
flowered:  calyx  6-7  mm.  long;  lobes  ovate,  mostly  less  than  J  as  long  as  the 
tube:    corolla  white;   tube  much  exceeding  the  calyx;    larger  lobes  5-6  mm. 
wide:  anthers  about  2.5  mm.  long:  drupes  orange,  slightly  depressed,  9-11  mm. 

Wide. EOUGH-  STRONGBACK. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  B.  cassinifolia    (A.  Rich.)    Griseb.     Shrub:   leaf -blades  oval,  elliptic,  obo- 
vate, or  cuneate,  1-2.5  cm.  long,  mostly  obtuse  or  retuse,  smooth,  glabrous,  and 
eciliate,  at  least  at  maturity,  slightly  veiny  in  age:  cymes  f  ew-flowered :   calyx 
5-6  mm.  long;   lobes  triangular  to   ovate-triangular,  ^   as  long  as  the   tube: 
corolla  white;  tube  about  as  long  as  the  calyx  or  slightly  exceeding  it;  larger 
lobes  about  4  mm.  wide:   anthers  about  2  mm.  long:   drupes  much  depressed, 
7-8  mm.  wide. — SMOOTH-STRONGBACK. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  B.   ovata   Miers.     Small   tree   or   shrub,  with   glabrous   twigs:    leaf-blades 
obovate  to  oblong-obovate  or  oval-obovate,  4-12  cm.  long,  smooth :  calyx  6-7  cm. 
long;  lobes  triangular,  fully  J  as  long  as  the  tube:  corolla  white;  tube  rather 
short;  lobes  slightly  shorter  than  the  tube:   stamens  exserted;  anthers  about 
2  mm.  long:  drupe  orange,  about  1  cm.  wide. — STROXGBACK. 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  4.    HELIOTROPIACEAE.     HELIOTROPE   FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  woody  vines.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  entire,  or 
rarely  toothed.  Flowers  perfect,  mostly  in  scorpioid  spikes  or  racemes. 
Calyx  of  5  more  or  less  united  sepals.  Corolla  various,  of  5  partially 
united  petals.  Androecium  of  5  stamens,  the  filaments  more  or  less  adnate 
to  the  corolla-tube.  G-ynoecium  2-4-carpellary.  Stigma  annular,  sur- 
mounted by  an  appendage.  Fruit  drupaceous,  or  dry  and  of  2-4  nutlets. 

Fruit  drupaceous.  1.  TOURNEFORTIA. 

Fruit  dry,  separating  into  nutlets.  2.  HELJOTBOPIUM. 

1.  TOURNEFORTIA  L.     Plants  erect  or  climbing.     Sepals  well  united 
(ours).    Corolla  white  or  pale.     Stamens  adnate  to  near  the  top  of  the  corolla- 
tube.    Fruit  drupaceous. 

Plants  densely  and  conspicuously  silky-tomentose  :  leaves  very  numerous  and  crowded  : 
corolla-lobes  ovate  to  suborbicular.  1.  T.  gnaphaloides. 

Plants  minutely  and  inconspicuously  pubescent :   leaves  rela- 
tively few  and  distant :  corolla-lobes  lanceolate  to  subulate.        2.  T.  volulilis. 

1.  T.  gnaphaloides  (Jacq.)  R.  Br.    Fleshy  shrub,  3-18  dm.  tall,  the  pubescence 
white  or  whitish:  leaf -blades  linear-spatulate,  4-10  cm.  long:  calyx-lobes  shorter 
than  the  tube:   corolla-lobes  2-3  mm.  long:   fruit  ovoid,  about  5  mm.  long. — 
SEA-LAVENDER. 

Coastal  sand-dunes,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  T.  volubilis  L.    Woody  vine,  the  pubescence  usually  rusty:  leaf -blades  ovate 
to  oblong-lanceolate,  2-6  cm.  long:   calyx-lobes  longer  than  the  tube:   corolla- 
lobes  about  1  mm.  long:  fruit  depressed,  2.5-3  mm.  wide. 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  HELIOTROPIUM   [Tourn.]   L.     Shrubs  or  erect,  diffuse   or  prostrate 
herbs.    Sepals  nearly  distinct.    Stamens  adnate  to  the  lower  part  of  the  corolla- 
tube.    Style  very  short.    Fruit  4-lobed,  an  aggregate  of  4  nutlets. 


VEKBENACEAE.  115 

1.  H.  Leavenworthii  Torr.  Shrub  with  pale-pubescent  stems,  2-11  dm.  tall: 
leaf -blades  linear  to  linear-elliptic,  1-2  cm.  long:  calyx-lobes  lanceolate,  3-4 
mm.  long:  flowers  inodorous:  corolla  pale-yellow;  lobes  ovate,  obtuse. — 
HELIOTROPE. 

Everglades  and  low  hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (Endemic.) 

FAMILY  5.    VERBENACEAE.     VERVAIN  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Stems  commonly  angled.  Leaves  alternate, 
opposite,  or  whorled:  blades  simple  or  rarely  compound.  Calyx  of  4  or 
5  partially  or  wholly  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  partially  united 
petals,  sometimes  2-lipped.  Androecium  of  2  or  4  stamens,  the  filaments 
more  or  less  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube.  Gynoecium  2-^4-carpellary,  the 
style  terminal.  Fruit  baccate  or  drupaceous  or  an  aggregate  of  2  or  4 
nutlets. 

Inflorescence  centripetal :  ovules  erect. 

Flowers  in  heads,  spikes  or  spike-like  racemes. 

Fruit  of  2  or  4  nutlets,  dry.  1.  GONIOSTACHYUM. 

Fruit  drupaceous.  2.  LANTANA. 

Flowers  in  open  racemes. 

Drupe  seated  in  the  calyx :  nutlets  2 :  stigma  2-lobed.          3.  CITHAKEXYLUM. 
Drupe  enclosed  in  the  calyx  :  nutlets  4  :  stigma  4-lobed.         4.  DUKANTA. 
Inflorescence  centrifugal,   cymose :    ovules   laterally   attached. 

Corolla  regular :  stamens  equal.  5.  CALLICABPA. 

Corolla  irregular  :  stamens  paired. 

Drupe  with  two,  2-celled  or  four  1-celled  stones :  leaf- 
blades  simple.  6.  CLERODENDBON. 
Drupe  with  one,  4-celled  stone :  leaf-blades  compound.      7.  VITEX. 

1.  GONIOSTACHYUM  Small.     Shrubs  or  shrubby  plants.     Leaf-blades 
mostly  toothed.     Flowers  in  congested  axillary  spikes,  the  bracts  4-ranked,  of 
an  ovate  type,  keeled.     Calyx  flattened,  2-lobed.     Corolla  2-lipped:   tube  gla- 
brous within,  much  longer  than  the  calyx. 

1.  G.  citrosum  Small.     Stems  pale-gray  or  whitish:   leaf -blades  lanceolate  to 
elliptic-lanceolate,  2.5-6  cm.  long,  shallowly  serrate,  pubescent :  spikes  depressed, 
short-peduncled,  4-6  mm.  long:  bracts  ovate:  calyx  about  1  mm.  long:  corolla 
white,  about  4.5  mm.  long;  limb  about  3  mm.  broad:  nutlets  1.5  mm.  wide. 
Hammocks,  E.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  LANTANA    L.      Shrubs    or    rarely    herbs,    sometimes    prickle-armed. 
Leaf -blades  toothed.    Flowers  in  congested,  flat-topped  spikes.    Calyx  shallowly 
2-5-lobed  or  truncate.     Corolla  white  or  colored:   tube  slightly  curved:   limb 
irregular.    Stamens  4.    Drupes  more  or  less  juicy. 

Flower-heads  bracted,  but  not  involucrate. 

Stem  and  branches  prickle-armed:  leaf-blades  strigose :  corolla-tube  over  12  mm. 
long. 
Stems  and  branches  sparingly  armed  with  weak  more  or 

less  curved  prickles  :  corollas  yellow  to  orange.  1.  L.  Camara. 

Stems  and  branches  copiously  armed  with  stout,   rigid, 

hooked  prickles :  corollas  yellow  to  purple.  2.  L.  aculeata. 

Stem  and  branches  not  prickle-armed  :   leaf-blades  not  stri- 
gose :  corolla-tube  10  mm.  long  or  less. 
Plants  with  prostrate  stems  and  branches  :  drupes  2.5-3.5 

mm.  long.  3.  L.  depressa. 

Plants  with  erect  stems  and  branches  :  drupes  4-5  mm. 

long.  4.  L.  ovatifolia. 

Flower-heads  decidedly  involucrate. 

Leaf-blades  acute  or  acutish,  coarsely  toothed  :  corolla-tube 

about  10  mm.  long.  5.  L.  Sellowiana. 

Leaf-blades  rounded  or  retuse  at  the  apex,  crenulate  :  corolla- 
tube  2-4  mm.  long. 

Outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  ovate.  fi.  L.  involucrata. 

Outer  bracts  of  the  Involucre  lanceolate  or  oblong-lanceo- 
late. 7.  L.  odorata. 


116  VEBBENACEAE. 

1.  L.  Camara  L.    Shrub  with  armed  branches,  10-15  dm.  tall :  leaf -blades  ovate 
to  oblong-ovate,  2-7  cm.  long:  corolla  yellow  to  orange;  limb  6-8  mm.  high. — • 
Two  forms  of  this  species  occur  in  Florida:   one  with  acuminate  leaf -blades, 
derived  from  plants  commonly  in  cultivation  apparently  from  the  West  Indies, 
the  other  a  native  plant  with  obtuse,  relatively  coarser-toothed  leaf -blades. 

Roadsides,   waste  places,   and   cultivated   grounds,  n.    Fla.   and  the   pen.     The 
native  plant  occurs  in  pinelands,  hammocks  and  about  swamps.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

2.  L.  aculeata  L.     Shrub  with  copiously  and  rigidly  armed  branches,  2.5  dm. 
tall  or  less:  leaf -blades  ovate,  often  broadly  so,  3-6  cm.  long:  corolla  yellow 
to  purple;  limb  7-9  mm.  high. 

Pinelands,  cultivated  grounds,  and  roadsides,  pen.  Fla.     Nat.  of  the  W.  I. 

3.  L.  depressa  Small.    Shrub  with  unarmed  prostrate  branches,  2-11  dm.  long: 
leaf -blades  ovate  to  elliptic,  1-3.5  em.  long:   spikes  less  than  2.5  cm.  wide: 
corolla-tube  5-6  mm.  long:  stone  of  the  drupe  globose,  2-3  mm.  long,  scarcely 
beaked. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys.     (Endemic.) 

3.  L.  ovatifolia  Britton.     Shrub  2  m.  tall  or  less:  leaf-blades  ovate,  3-7  cm. 
long,  crenate-serrate :   spikes  over  2.5  cm.  wide:   corolla-tube  9-10  mm.  long: 
stone  of  the  drupe  ovoid,  about  5  mm.  long,  beaked. 
Hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.     (W.  I.) 

5.  L.  Sellowiana  Link  &  Otto.    Shrub  3-18  dm.  tall,  with  tomentulose  foliage : 
leaf-blades  ovate,  oval,  or  elliptic-ovate,  1-3  cm.  long,  abruptly  narrowed  or 
truncate  at  the  base :  corolla  magenta  or  lilac ;  tube  puberulent ;  limb  8-10  mm. 
high,  the  lower  lobe  much  longer  than  the  others. — POLECAT-GERANIUM. 

Thickets,  pinelands,  and  waste  places,  pen.  Fla.    Nat.  of  Trop.  Am.     (W.  I.) 

6.  L.  involucrata  L.     Shrub  4-17  dm.  tall,  with  puberulent  or  tomentulose 
foliage:  leaf -blades  oval,  obovate,  to  suborbicular,  1-3  cm.  long,  usually  cuneate 
at  the  base :  outer  bracts  of  the  involucre  4-7  mm.  long,  ciliolate :  calyx  becom- 
ing 1.5  mm.  long:  corolla  white  or  pale-purple;  tube  2-4  mm.  long;  limb  2-4 
mm.  high. 

Hammocks,  pinelands,  and  sand-dunes,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

7.  L.  odorata  L.     Similar  to  L.  involucrata  in  habit:  leaves  similar  but  com- 
monly larger:  bracts  of  the  involucre  narrower,  the  outer  lanceolate  or  oblong- 
lanceolate:  flowers  often  smaller. 

Hammocks  and  sand-dunes,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  CITHAREXYIiUM  L.     Shrubs  or  trees,  sometimes  spiny.     Leaf -blades 
mainly  entire.     Flowers  in  clusters  or  long  spikes.     Calyx  obscurely  5-lobed. 
Corolla  mainly  white:  tube  straight  or  nearly  so:  limb  slightly  oblique,  nearly 
equally  5-lobed.    Staminodium  present.    Stigma  2-lobed.    Nutlets  2. 

1.  C.  fruticosum  L.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  with  softly  pubescent  twigs:  leaves 
5-15  cm.  long;  blades  elliptic,  oblong,  or  oblong-obovate,  veiny:  flowers  in 
spikes  or  racemes:  fruits  9-10  mm.  in  diameter. — FIDDLEWOOD. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  lower  half  of  the  e.  coast  of  Fla.,  the  E.  Keys  and  F. 
Keys.     (W.  I.) 

4.  DURANTA  L.     Shrubs  or  trees,  often  spine-armed.    Leaf -blades  entire 
or  toothed.     Flowers  in  racemes.     Calyx  more  or  less  prominently  but  minutely 
5-lobed.     Corolla  salverform  or  funnelform:  tube  mainly  curved:  limb  slightly 
unequally  5-lobed.     Staminodium  mostly  obsolete.     Stigma  4-lobed.     Nutlets  4. 

1.  D.  repens  L.  Shrub  or  small  tree :  leaf -blades  ovate-elliptic,  oval  or  obovate, 
1.5-5  cm.  long:  racemes  5-15  cm.  long,  recurving:  calyx  3-4  mm.  long,  angled: 


AVICENNIACEAE.  117 

corolla  lilac;  limb  7-9  mm.  wide,  the  lobes  ciliolate:  fruits  7-11  mm.  in  diam- 
eter, enclosed  in  the  calyx. — GOLDEN-DEWDROP. 
Hammocks,  Key  West.     (W.  I.) 

5.  CALLICARPA  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  simple.     Flowers  in 
axillary  cymes.     Calyx  shallowly  4-lobed  or  nearly  truncate.     Corolla  white  or 
colored,  rotate-funnelform  or  funnelform,  typically  4-lobed,  the  tube  straight. 
Filaments  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube,  glabrous.     Stigmas  stout.     Drupe  very 
juicy. 

1.  O.  americana  L.  Shrub  1-2  m.  tall,  stellate-pubescent:  leaf -blades  ovate, 
elliptic  or  oval,  serrate:  calyx  1-1.5  mm.  long:  corolla  bluish  or  pink;  limb 
about  5  mm.  wide,  the  rounded  lobes  apiculate:  fruit  violet  or  magenta,  4-5 
mm.  in  diameter. — FRENCH-MULBERRY. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont.) 
— Spr.-sum.,  or  all  year  southward. 

6.  CLER-ODENDRON    [Burm.]    L.      Shrubs    or    trees,    or    half-shrubs. 
Leaves  opposite:    blades  simple,  toothed.     Flowers  in  dense  terminal  cymes. 
Calyx  prominently  5-lobed.     Corolla  white  or  highly  colored,  funnelform   or 
salverform:  tube  slightly  curved:  limb  5-lobed.    Filaments  adnate  to  above  the 
middle  of  the  corolla-tube.    Stigmas  slender.    Drupe  lobed  or  ribbed. — Spr.-fall. 

Corolla-tube  slightly  exceeding  the  calyx  :  calyx-lobes  as  long  as  the  tube  or  longer. 

1.  G.  fragrans. 
Corolla-tube  several  times  longer  than  the  calyx :  calyx-lobes  shorter 

than  the  tube.  2.  C.  foetidum. 

1.  0.  fragrans  Vent.    Shrub  1-3  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  ovate  to  deltoid,  9-25  em.. 
long,  mostly  abruptly  pointed,  coarsely  and  irregularly  toothed,  finely  pubescent 
beneath,  truncate  or  shallowly  cordate  at  the  base,  long-petioled:   cymes  con- 
gested: calyx  15-19  mm.  long;  lobes  subulate  or  subulate-lanceolate,  acuminate,, 
ciliate:   corolla  22-28  mm.  long;  lobes  nearly  as  long  as  the  tube,  or  shorter,, 
white  or  blue-tinged. — Mostly  represented  by  the  form  with  double-flowers. 

Thickets  and  waste  places,  pen.  Fla.    Nat.  of  China  and  Japan.     (W.  I.) 

2.  C.  foetidum  Bunge.     Shrub  1-2  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  deltoid-ovate,  6-15  cm. 
long,  acute  or  slightly  acuminate,  serrate  or  serrate-dentate,  mostly  truncate  at 
the   base,  long-petioled:    cymes  rather  compact:    calyx  5-6   mm.  long;    lobes 
triangular-lanceolate,  shorter  than  the  tube:  corolla  18-22  mm.  long;  tube  very- 
slender;  lobes  lilac  or  purplish. 

Fields  and  thickets,  n.  Fla.    Nat.  of  China. 

7.  VITEX  L.    Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaf -blades  digitately  compound  or  rarely 
1-foliolate.    Flowers  in  open  terminal  compound  cymes.    Calyx  shallowly  3-lobed 
or  5-lobed.     Corolla  white  or  colored,  funnelform,  2-lipped,  the  tube  slightly 
curved.     Filaments  adnate  to  about  the  middle  of  the  corolla-tube,  pubescent 
at  the  base. 

1.  V.  Agnus-Castus  L.  Shrub  1-3  m.  tall,  pale-pubescent:  leaf -blades 
7-foliolate,  the  leaflets  with  linear  to  linear-elliptic  blades  2-10  cm.  long, 
flowers  separated:  calyx  2-2.5  mm.  long,  campanulate:  corolla  blue  or  purplish; 
limb  5-6  mm.  broad:  fruits  3.5-4  mm.  long. — CHASTE-TREE. 

Roadsides,  waste  places,  and  about  gardens,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     Nat.  of 
the  Old  World.     (Cont.) — Spr.-fall. 

FAMILY  6.    AVICENNIACEAE.    BLACK-MANGROVE  FAMILY. 

Shrubs  or  trees   of  maritime  regions,   the  branches   terete,   nodose. 
Leaves    opposite,    persistent :    blades   entire.     Flowers   in    axillary   small 


118  LAMIACEAE. 

cymes.  Calyx  of  5  nearly  distinct  sepals.  Corolla  of  4  partially  united 
petals,  campanulate-rotate.  Androecium  of  4  stamens,  the  filaments 
adnate  to  the  lower  part  of  the  corolla-tube.  Gynoecium  of  2  united 
carpels.  Fruit  a  compressed  oblique  capsule. 

1.  AVICENNIA  L.  Leaf-blades  thick.  Cymes  peduneled.  Calyx  sub- 
tended by  small  bracts.  Corolla  inconspicuous,  the  tube  and  spreading  lobes 
about  equal  in  length.  Stamens  erect.  Stigmas  2.  Capsule  thick-walled. 

1.  A.  nitida  Jacq.  Shrub,  or  tree  sometimes  25  m.  tall:  leaf -blades  leathery, 
oblong  or  nearly  so,  3-8  cm.  long,  dark-green  above,  pale,  minutely  canescent 
beneath:  calyx  3—4  mm.  long:  corolla  white;  lobes  longer  than  the  tube, 
broadly  rounded  or  retuse :  fruit  oblong  or  elliptic,  3-5  cm.  long,  acutish.  — 
BLACK-MANGROVE. 

Sandy  shores  and  coastal  hammocks,  pen.  Fla.,  the  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.  (Cont., 
W.  I.) 

FAMILY   7.    LAMIACEAE.     MINT   FAMILY. 

Herbs  or  woody  plants,  often  aromatic.  Stems  4-sided.  Leaves 
opposite  or  whorled :  blades  simple,  entire,  toothed,  or  lobed  Flowers 
perfect,  in  open  or  compact  cymes.  Calyx  of  5  partially  united  sepals, 
regular  or  2-lipped.  Corolla  of  5  partially  united  sepals,  2-lipped  or 
nearly  regular.  Androecium  of  2-4  stamens,  the  pairs  often  irregular. 
Gynoecium  2-carpellary.  Ovary  4-celled.  Fruit  of  4  nutlets  included  in 
the  calyx. 

Corolla-tube  much  bent.  1.  CONRADINA. 
Corolla-tube  straight. 

Calyx  with  5  nearly  equal  lobes,  not  2-lipped.  2.  PYCNOTHYMUS. 

Calyx  2-lipped.  3.  CLINOPODIDM. 

1.  CONBADINA  A.  Gray.     Shrubs,  sometimes  diffuse.     Leaf-blades  nar- 
now,  entire.     Flowers  in  lax  axillary  cymes.     Calyx  2-lipped,  the  upper  lip 
with  3  broad  lobes,  the  lower  lip  with  2  narrow  lobes.    Corolla  purplish,  2-lipped : 
upper  lip   broad:    lower  lip   with   3   broad   lobes,   the   middle    lobe   broadest. 
Stamens  4,  exserted. 

Foliage  canescent :  leaves  less  than  1  cm.  long :  upper  corolla-lip  rounded. 

1.   G.  canescens. 
Foliage  puberulent :  leaves  over  1  cm.  long  :  upper  corolla-lip  retuse.      2.  G.  puberula. 

1.  0.  canescens   (T.  &  G.)  A.  Gray.     Plants  2-4  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  linear, 
mainly  5-9  mm.  long:  calyx  becoming  5-6  mm.  long,  villous:  corolla  13-15  mm. 
long;  middle  lobe  of  the  lower  lip  reniform. 

Sand-dunes,  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr.-sum. 

2.  0.  puberula  Small.    Plants  3-7  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  narrowly  linear,  mainly 
12-25  mm.  long:  calyx  becoming  6-7  mm.  long,  puberulent:  corolla  12-15  mm. 
long;  middle  lobe  of  the  lower  lip  cuneate-flabellate. 

Pinelands  and  sand-hills,  e.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) — Spr.-sum.,  or  all  year. 

2.  PYCNOTHYMUS  Small.    Shrubs.    Leaf-blades  narrow,  entire.    Flowers 
in  dense  raceme-like  panicles.     Calyx  slightly  irregular,  the  upper  lip  with  3 
narrow  lobes,  the  lower  lip  with  2  longer  lobes.     Corolla  2-lipped:   lower  lip 
3-lobed,  the  middle  lobe  slightly  larger  than  the  lateral  ones. 

1.  P.  rigidus  (Bart.)  Small.     Plants  1-7  dm.  tall,  hirsute:  leaf -blades  lanceo- 
late, 5-12  mm.  long:  calyx  2.5-3  mm.  long;  lobes  lanceolate  to  oblong-lanceo- 
late :  corolla  light -purple,  7-8  mm.  long ;  lobes  rounded. 
Pinelands,  s.  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 


RHINANTHACEAE.  119 

3.  CLINOPODIUM  L.  Shrubs  or  annual  or  perennial  herbs.  Leaf -blades 
entire  or  toothed.  Flowers  in  sessile  or  peduncled  axillary  cymes.  Calyx 
2 -lipped,  the  upper  lip  with  3  short  lobes,  the  lower  lip  with  2  long,  narrow 
lobes.  Corolla  2-lipped:  upper  lip  sometimes  notched:  lower  lip  3-lobed. 
Stameua  4:  anthers  awnless. — Spr.-fall,  or  all  year  southward. — BASIL. 

Leaf-blades  entire  :  corolla  over  25  mm.  long. 

Calyx  less  than  1.5  cm.  long  :  corolla  3-4  cm.  long.  1.  C.  coccineum. 

Calyx  over  1.5  cm.  long  :  corolla  4-5  cm.  long.  2.   C.  macrocalyx. 

Leaf-blades  toothed  :  corolla  less  than  15  mm.  long. 

Clusters  5-6-flowered  :  leaf -blades  broadest  below  the  middle, 

sessile  or  nearly  so.  3.   C.  georgianum. 

Clusters  1-3-flowered :  leaf-blades  broadest  above  the  middle, 

petioled.  4.  C.  dentatum. 

1.  C.  coccineum  (Nutt.)  Kuntze.     Shrub  3-9  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  obovate  to 
spatulate,  linear-spatulate  or  linear-oblong,  0.5-2  cm.  long,  entire:   calyx  8^11 
mm.  long;   lateral  lobes  of  the  upper  lip  triangular:   corolla  scarlet,  3-4  mm. 
long;  lobes  of  the  upper  lip  shorter  than  those  of  the  lower. 

Sandy  shores,  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  C.  macrocalyx  Small.     Similar  to  C.  coccinea  in  habit:  leaf -blades  broadly 
spatulate,  1-1.5  mm.  long:  calyx  16-18  mm.  long;  lateral  lobes  of  the  upper 
lip  lanceolate-subulate:   corolla  scarlet,  4-5  mm.  long;  lobes  of  the  upper  lip 
longer  than  those  of  the  lower. 

Pinelands,  e.  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

3.  C.  georgianum  Harper.     Shrub  2-6  dm.   tall:    leaf -blades  ovate,  oval   or 
oblong,  10-30  mm.  long,  shallowly  serrate:  calyx  5-6  mm.  long:  corolla  white 
or  pink-purple,  and  purple-spotted,  11-13  mm.  long;   middle  lobe  of  the  lower 
lip   quite   similar  to   the  lateral   ones   and  scarcely  longer.      [C.  carolinianmn 
(Michx.)  Heller.] 

River-banks  and  dry  woods,  m.  and  w.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

4.  C.  dentatum  (Chapm.)  Kuntze.     Shrub  3-7  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  obovate  to 
oblong-cuneate,  5-12   mm.  long,  mainly  toothed  at   the  apex:    calyx  7-8  mm. 
long:   corolla   white  or  purplish,   11-13   mm.   long;    middle   lobe   of  the   lower 
lip  broader  than  the  lateral  ones  and  extending  beyond  them. 

Sand-ridges,  m.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

FAMILY  8.    RHINANTHACEAE.     FIGWORT  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Stems  commonly  terete.  Leaves  opposite  or 
whorled,  or  alternate:  blades  entire,  toothed,  or  divided.  Flowers  perfect, 
axillary,  or  spicate  or  racemose.  Calyx  regular  or  rarely  2-lipped,  of  4  or 
5  more  or  less  united  sepals.  Corolla  mostly  irregular,  of  4  or  5  partially 
united  petals.  Androecium  of  4,  usually  didynamous  stamens,  the  fifth 
one  often  represented  by  a  staminodium,  or  of  2  stamens  and  2  staminodia. 
Gynoecium  2-carpellary.  Ovary  1-celled.  Fruit  capsular  or  rarely  baccate. 

1.  RUSSELIA  Jacq.  Shrubs,  commonly  with  rush-like  diffuse  stems. 
Leaves  opposite  or  whorled,  mostly  scale-like,  sometimes  with  small  dilated 
blades.  Flowers  in  diffuse  cymes.  Calyx-lobes  broad.  Corolla  mostly  red, 
tubular  or  tubular-filiform:  tube  elongate:  lobes  very  short.  Stamens  4: 
anther-sac  divergent.  Styles  united.  Capsule  ovoid  or  globose. 
1.  R.  equisetiformis  Sehlecht.  &  Cham.  Stems  tufted,  spreading  or  arching,  the 
branches  striate:  leaves  various,  those  of  the  twigs  with  spatulate  or  obovate 
blades,  1-1.5  cm.  long,  those  of  the  stem  and  branches  reduced  to  short  scales: 
flowers  numerous:  calyx  3-4  mm.  long;  lobes  ovate:  corolla  showy,  bright  red, 
20-26  mm.  long ;  lobes  ovate :  capsules  ovoid.— CORAL-FLOWER.  FOUNTAIN-PLANT. 

Fields,  waste  places,  and  roadsides,  pen.  Fla.    Nat.  of  Mex.     (W.  I.) 


320  BIGNONIACEAE. 

FAMILY   9.    BIGNONIACEAE.     TRUMPET-CREEPER   FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  trees,  woody  vines,  or  rarely  herbs.  Leaves  opposite,  or 
rarely  alternate  or  whorled,  often  tendril-bearing:  blades  simple  or  pin- 
nately  compound.  Flowers  perfect,  usually  showy.  Calyx  of  usually 
2  more  or  less  united  sepals.  Corolla  5-lobed,  irregular,  or  2-lipped. 
Androecium  of  5  stamens  with  1  or  3  of  them  reduced  to  staminodia,  or  of 
4  didynamous  stamens.  Anthers  with  mostly  divaricate  sacs.  Gynoecium 
of  2  united  carpels.  Ovary  1-celled  or  2-celled  by  the  meeting  of  the 
placentae.  Ovules  numerous.  Fruit  a  capsule.  Seeds  winged  or  ap- 
pendaged. 

Calyx  with  an  undulate  margin :  capsule  flattened  parallel  with  its  partition. 

1.  ANISOSTICHUS. 
Calyx  with  5  lobes :  capsule  flattened  at  right  angles  with  its 

4     partition. 

Erect  plant :  pod  linear,  not  stipitate.  2.  TECOMA. 

Climbing  plant :  pod  clavate  or  fusiform,  stipitate.  3.  BIGNONIA. 

1.  ANISOSTICHUS  Bureau.     Vines.    Leaf-blades  2-3-foliolate  or  1-folio- 
late,  often  tendril-bearing:   leaflets  usually  with  entire  blades.     Calyx  cam- 
panulate  or  cupulate.     Corolla  with  a  short  tube  abruptly  expanded  into  a 
campanulate  throat.     Capsule  narrow.     Seeds  winged. 

1.  A.  crucigera  (L.)  Bureau.  Glabrous  vine:  leaves  prolonged  into  tendrils; 
leaflets  2;  blades  oblong-oval  to  oblong-lanceolate,  5-15  cm.  long,  cordate  or 
auricled  at  the  base:  calyx  5-8  mm.  long,  shallowly  lobed:  corolla  red-orange 
without,  yellow  within,  4-5  cm.  long:  filaments  villous  at  the  base:  capsules 
linear,  10-17  cm.  long. — CROSS-VINE.  TRUMPET-FLOWEK. 
Thickets  and  woods,  n.  and  pen.  Fla.  (Cont.) — Spr. 

2.  TECOMA  Juss.     Shrubs  or  partially  herbaceous  plants.     Leaf-blades 
unequally   pinnate.      Flowers    clustered.      Calyx    tubular-campanulate,    nearly 
equally  5-lobed.    Corolla  with  the  tube  gradually  enlarged  into  the  funnelform 
throat.    Seeds  membranous-winged. 

1.  T.  stans  (L.)  Juss.  Plants  1-8  m.  tall:  leaves  1-2.5  dm.  long;  leaflets 
7-13,  the  blades  lanceolate  to  elliptic,  or  narrower,  4-10  cm.  long,  coarsely 
serrate:  calyx  3-5  mm.  long;  lobes  often  triangular:  corolla  yellow,  3.5-4.5 
cm.  long:  capsules  10-20  cm.  long. — YELLOW  TRUMPET-FLOWER.  YELLOW- 
ELDER. 

Hammocks  and  about  gardens,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  BIGNONIA  [Tourn.]  L.    Vines.    Leaf -blades  unequally  pinnate :  leaflets 
with   toothed  blades.     Flowers   clustered.     Calyx  tubular-campanulate,   nearly 
equally  5-lobed.     Corolla  tubular-funnelform.     Capsule  stout,  fusiform.     Seeds 
membranous- winged. 

1.  B.  radicans  L.  Stout  vine:  leaves  many,  2-2.5  dm  long;  leaflets  7-11,  the 
blades  oval,  ovate,  or  elliptic,  2-6  cm.  long,  coarsely  serrate:  calyx  14-18  mm. 
long;  lobes  triangular  to  triangular-ovate:  corolla  red  or  orange,  5-9  cm.  long: 
capsules  fusiform,  10-18  cm.  long. — TRUMPET-CREEPER.  COW-ITCH.  TRUMPET- 
FLOWER. 

Woods,  swamps,  and  thickets,  n.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Cont.) — Spr.-fall. 

Order    SANTALALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees,  mostly  root-  or  tree-parasites.  Leaves  with 
expanded  blades  or  scale-like.  Flowers  inconspicuous,  perfect  or  imper- 


OLACACEAE.  121 

feet.  Calyx  present,  but  often  a  mere  border.  Corolla  present  or  wanting. 
Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  sepals,  or  petals,  or  twice  as 
many  Gynoecium  of  several  united  carpels.  Ovary  more  or  less  inferior. 
Fruit  a  drupe,  a  nut,  or  a  berry. 

Leaves  opposite  :  fruit  a  berry  :  tree-parasite.  Fam.  1.   LOBANTHACEAE. 

Leaves  alternate  :  fruit  a  drupe  or  a  nut :  root-pans  site.  Fam.  2.  SANTALACEAB. 

FAMILY  1.    LORANTHACEAE.    MISTLETOE  FAMILY. 

Green  parasitic  herbs  or  shrubs,  growing  mostly  on  woody  plants. 
Leaves  typically  opposite,  sometimes  scale-like.  Flowers  monoecious  or 
dioecious,  regular.  Calyx  of  minute  sepals,  or  obsolete.  Corolla  of  2-6 
more  or  less  united  petals.  Androecium  of  2-6  stamens.  Gynoecium  com- 
pound, often  2-carpellary,  but  the  inferior  ovary  1-celled.  Fruit  baccate. 

1.  PHORADENDRON  Nutt.1  Soft-wooded  half-shrubs  parasitic  on  woody 
flowering  plants,  our  species  without  cataphyllary  scales  on  the  internodes, 
minutely  pubescent  when  young.  Leaves  olive-green.  Flowers  dioecious,  in 
axillary  jointed  spikes,  about  6-ranked,  minute,  epigynous,  apetalous.  Sepals 
3.  Stamens  opposite  the  sepals  and  partly  adnate  to  them:  anthers  minute, 
nearly  sessile,  2-celled,  dehiscing  longitudinally.  Ovary  1-celled.  Ovule  soli- 
tary, erect.  Fruit  a  white  berry  with  viscid  pulp  investing  the  green  seed. — 
The  plants  flower  in  fall  or  early  winter  and  mature  their  fruit  a  year  later. 
— MISTLETOE. 

Spikes  permanently  short  (2-3  cm.),  covered  by  the  berries. 

Leaf-blades  relatively  broad,  oblanceolate-obovate.  1.  P.  flavescens. 

Leaf-blades  relatively  narrow,  subspatulate.  2.  P.  Eatoni. 

Spikes  becoming  elongate  (6-7  cm.),  with  the  berries  in  sepa- 
rated whorls.  3.  P.  macrotomum. 

1.  P.  flavescens  Nutt.     Stoutish,  somewhat  yellowish-pubescent:  leaves  2-5  cm. 
long;  blades  usually  1.5-2  cm.  wide  or  occasionally  4  cm.  wide,  oblanceolate- 
obovate:    spikes   under  2   cm.   long,  with  about   4   short   joints   6-12-flowered, 
lengthening  one-half  in  fruit,  but  with  the  berries  nearly  meeting. 

On  oaks,  hickories,  and  other  deciduous-leaved  trees,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

2.  P.  Eatoni  Trelease.    Slenderer  than  P.  flavescens,  minutely  velvety:  leaves 
2-5  cm.  long;   blades  scarcely   1   cm.  wide,   subspatulate:    spikes  under  2   cm. 
long,  with  2  or  3  short  joints  6-12-flowered  or  even  30-flowered. 

On  ash  trees,  s.  w.  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

3.  P.  macrotomum  Trelease.     Slightly  pubescent:  leaves  5-7  cm.  long;  blades 
1.5-2  cm.  wide,  oblanceolate :   spikes  2-3  cm.  long,  with  4  or  5  oblong  joints 
6-12-flowered  or  even  30-flowered,  lengthening  to  5-7  cm.  in  fruit,  with  the 
whorls  of  berries  distinctly  separated. 

On  oaks  and  other  deciduous-leaved  trees,  e.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Endemic.) 

FAMILY  2.    OLACACEAE.    XIMENIA  FAMILY. 

Shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  usually  alternate:  blades  entire  or 
rarely  toothed.  Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  regular,  in  dichotoinous 
or  raceme-like  cymes.  Calyx  of  4-6  small  sepals,  surmounting  the  hypan- 
thium.  Corolla  of  4-6  distinct  or  united  petals.  Androecium  of  4-12 
stamens.  Gynoecium  3^1-carpellary.  Fruit  a  drupe. 

1  Contributed  by  Professor  William  Trelease. 


122  RUBIACEAE. 

Petals  united  to  above  the  middle :  stamens  as  many  as  the  corolla-lobes  and  oppo- 
site them  :  drupe  nearly  enclosed  in  the  disk.  1.  SCHOEPFIA. 

Petals  nearly  distinct :  stamens  twice  as  many  as  the  petals :  drupe 

naked.  2.  XIMENIA. 

1.  SCHOEPFIA  Schreb.     Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  entire 
Hypanthium  filled  with  an  elevated  disk.    Sepals  broad.    Petals  united  to  above 
the  middle.    Filaments  adnate  to  about  the  middle  of  the  corolla-tube.    Anthers 
oval  or  ovoid.    Ovary  about  i  inferior. 

1.  S.  chrysophylloides  (A.  Bieh.)  Planch.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  with  pale 
branches:  leaf-blades  ovate  to  oblong-ovate,  2-6  cm.  long:  corolla  ai-out  4  mm. 
long;  lobes  ovate,  glabrous:  drupes  ovoid  or  oval-ovoid,  10-12  mm.  long. — 
WHITEWOOD. 

Coastal  hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys,  also  in  hammocks  of  the  E. 
Keys.—  (W.  I.) 

2.  XIMENIA   [Plum.]    L.     Thorny  shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  entire. 
Hypanthium  without  an  elevated  disk.    Sepals  minute.    Petals  nearly  distinct. 
Anthers  linear.     Ovary  nearly  superior. 

1.  X.  americana  L.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  with  dark  branches:  leaf -blades  ob- 
long to  elliptic  or  nearly  so,  3-7  cm.  long:  corolla  about  10  mm.  long;  lobes 
linear,  densely  pubescent  within:  drupes  subglobose  or  broadly  oval,  14-17 
mm.  long. — TALLOW-WOOD. 

Hammocks,  pen.  Fla.  and  in  hammocks  and  pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     ( W.  I.) 

Order  RUBIALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  trees.  Leaves  opposite,  sometimes  whorled. 
Flowers  perfect  or  polygamous,  axillary  or  cymose.  Hypanthium  perfect. 
Calyx  of  2  or  more  often  small  sepals.  Corolla  of  3  or  more  partially 
united  petals.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  petals  or 
twice  as  many.  Gynoecium  2-several  carpellary.  Ovary  wholly  or  par- 
tially inferior.  Fruit  a  capsule,  a  berry,  or  a  drupe. 

Leaves  with  stipules  adnate  to  the  stem  between  the  leaf-bases. 

Fam.  1.  RCBIACEAE. 
Leaves  without  stipules,  or  if  present  these  adnate  to  the 

petiole.  Fam.  2.  CAPEIFOLIACBAB. 

FAMILY  1.    EUBIACEAE.    MADDER  FAMILY. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  trees,  or  vines.  Leaves  opposite  or  whorled,  with 
interpetiolar  or  foliaceous  stipules.  Flower  perfect  or  polygamous,  regu- 
lar or  nearly  so.  Calyx  of  2-6,  or  more,  sepals  surmounting  the  hypan- 
thium,  or  obsolete.  Corolla  of  3-6,  or  more,  more  or  less  united  petals. 
Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  petals  and  alternate  with 
them.  Gynoecium  2-several-carpellary.  Fruit  a  capsule,  a  drupe,  or  a 
berry. 

Cavities  of  the  ovary  with  several  or  many  ovules :  seeds  several  or  many. 
Fruit  dry  :  capsular. 

Seeds  wingless  :  sepals  long  and  narrow,  some  in  the  outer  flowers  foliaceous  : 

anthers  short  and  thick.  1.  PINCKNEYA. 

Seeds  winged  :  sepals  minute  :  anthers  long  and  slender.        2.  EXOSTEMA. 
Fruit  pulpy :  baccate. 
Fruit  2-celled. 

Flowers  in  cymes.  3.  CASASIA. 

Flowers  solitary. 

Sepals   5  :   corolla-lobes   5  :   free   portions   of  the 

filaments  short :  anthers  oblong  or  nearly  so.  4.  RANDIA. 


EUBIACEAE.  123 

Sepals  4  :   corolla-lobes  4  :   free  portions  of  the 

filaments  long  :  anthers  linear.  5.  CATESBAEA. 

Fruit  5-celled.  6.  HAMELIA. 

Cavities  of  the  ovary  with  a  single  ovule  each  :  seed  solitary. 


Flowers  in  dense  heads,  the  hypanthia  not   coalescent.  7.  CEPHALANTHCS. 

lowers  solitary  or  in  an  open  inflorescence  or  if  clustered 
the  hypanthia  coalescent   (Morinda). 


Ovule  pendulous. 

Filaments  wholly   or  partly  adnate  to   the  corolla- 

tube.  8.    GUETTARDA. 

Filaments  not  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube. 

Inflorescence  terminal.  9.  EBITHALIS. 

Inflorescence  axillary.  10.  CHIOCOCCA. 

Ovule  not  pendulous. 

Corolla  rotate  :  filaments  scarcely  adnate  to  the 
corolla  :  anthers  coherent  as  a  tube  around  the 
style.  11.  STRUMPFIA. 

Corolla  not  rotate  :  filaments  manifestly  adnate  to 
the  corolla-tube  :  anthers  distinct. 
Ovule  or  seed  with   a  basal   attachment. 

Corolla    funnelform  :     seed    wingless  :     erect 

shrubs  or  trees.  12.  PSYCHOTRIA. 

Corolla  campanulate  :   seed  winged  :   vines.  13.   PAEDERIA. 

Ovule  or  seed  with  a  lateral  attachment. 

Flowers  in  terminal   clusters,  the  hypanthia 

coalescent  :  sepals  minute  or  obsolete.  14.   MORINDA. 

Flowers  axillary  and  solitary  :  sepals  slender.     15.  EHNODIA. 

1.  PINCKNEYA   Michx.     Shrubs   or   trees.     Leaves   with   broad   entire 
blades.    Flowers  in  corymbose  cymes.    Sepals  5,  1  or  2  of  them,  at  least  in  the 
outer  flowers,  transformed  into  leaf-like  members.     Corolla  with  a  stout  tube 
and  5  rather  broad  lobes.     Stamens  5  :  filaments  adnate  to  the  lower  part  of  the 
corolla-tube,   glabrous:    anthers  oblong,  exserted.     Capsule  as  wide  as  long. 
Seeds  wingless. 

1.  P.  pubens  Michx.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  with  pubescent  foliage:  leaf  -blades 
oblong,  oval,  or  ovate,  5-20  cm.  long,  short-petioled  :  foliaceous  sepals  like  the 
leaves  in  shape,  but  smaller  and  pink:  unchanged  sepals  linear  to  linear- 
lanceolate,  1-1.5  cm.  long:  corolla  greenish,  mottled  with  brown  or  purple: 
tube  1.5-2  cm.  long;  lobes  as  long  as  the  tube  or  shorter:  capsule  subglobose, 
nearly  2  cm.  in  diameter.  —  FEVER-TREE. 

Sandy  swamps  and  along  streams,  m.  and  w.  Fla.     (Cont.)  —  Spr.-sum. 

2.  EXOSTEMA   L.    C.    Eich.      Shrubs    or    trees.      Leaf-blades    leathery. 
Flowers  axillary  or  in  paniculate  cymes.    Sepals  5,  short.    Corolla  with  slender 
tube  and  5  narrow  lobes.     Stamens  5:   filaments  adnate  to  the  base  of  the 
corolla-tube,    pubescent   below:    anthers    narrowly    linear,    exserted.      Capsule 
elongate.     Seeds  winged. 

1.  E.  caribaeum  (Jacq.)  E.  &  S.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  foliage  glabrous: 
leaf  -blades  oblong  to  elliptic,  2-6  cm.  long:  sepals  1-2  mm.  long:  corolla  white 
or  rose-tinged,  the  tube  3.5-4  cm.  long;  lobes  narrowly  linear:  capsules  elliptic, 
10-12  mm.  long.  —  PRINCEWOOD. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.I.) 

3.  CASASIA  A.  Eich.     Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  leathery. 
Flowers  in  axillary  cymes.     Sepals  5,  broad  or  narrow.     Corolla  with  a  stout 
tube  and  5  relatively  broad  lobes.     Stamens  5:  filaments  adnate  to  the  lower 
part  of  the  corolla-tube:  anthers  elongated,  linear-sagittate,  included.     Berry 
thick.    Seeds  angled. 

1.  O.  clusiifolia  (Jacq.)  Urban.  Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  bark  pale:  leaves 
clustered  at  the  branch-tips;  blades  cuneate  to  obovate,  5-15  cm.  long:  hypan- 


124  EUBIACBAE. 

thium  turbinate:  sepals  subulate:  corolla  white;  tube  16-20  mm.  long;  lobes 
acuminate,  shorter  than  the  tube :  berries  mainly  obovoid,  5-7  cm.  long.  [Genipa 
clusii folia  Jacq.] — SEVEN- YEAR  APPLE. 

Coastal  sand-dunes  and  hammocks  of  s.  pen.  Fla.,  and  on  the  E.  Keys  and  F. 
Keys.     (W.  I.) 

4.  RANDIA  [Houst.]  L.     Armed  shrubs  or  trees.     Leaves  relatively  few: 
blades  leathery.     Flowers  axillary.     Sepals  4-5,  short.     Corolla  with  a  short 
tube  and  4  or  5  very  broad  lobes.    Stamens  4  or  5 :  filaments  adnate  to  near  the 
top  of  the  corolla-tube:  anthers  oblong  or  nearly  so,  included.    Berry  globular 
or  elongate. 

1.  R.  aculeata  L.  Shrub  0.3-3  m.  tall:  leaves  1.5-5  cm.  long;  blades  spatu- 
late  to  oval,  elliptic,  or  suborbicular :  sepals  triangular  to  ovate,  about  1  mm. 
long:  corolla  white;  tube  5-7  mm.  long;  lobes  oblong  to  ovate:  berries  oval 
to  subglqbose,  8-10  mm.  long,  greenish-white. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

5.  CATESBAEA  L.     Armed  shrubs.     Leaves  very  numerous:  blades  leath- 
ery.   Flowers  axillary.    Sepals  4,  short.     Corolla  with  a  long  tube  and  4  short 
lobes.     Stamens  4:  filaments  adnate  to  the  base  of  the  corolla-tube:  anthers 
narrow  or  linear.     Berry  thick. 

1.  C.  parviflora  Sw.     Shrub  1-3  m.  tall:  leaves  5-15  mm.  long;  blades  spatu- 
late,  obovate  or  suborbicular,  lustrous:  sepals  triangular  to  triangular-lanceo- 
late, 1-1.5  mm.  long:  corolla  white;  tube  campanulate,  3.5-4  mm.  long;  lobes 
deltoid,  acutish:  berries  subglobose,  6-18  mm.  long,  blue  or  black. 
Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (TV.  /.) 

6.  HAMELIA  Jacq.    Unarmed  shrubs  or  trees.    Leaf -blades  membranous 
Flowers  in  diehotomous  cymes.     Sepals   5,   minute.     Corolla  with  a  narrow 
fluted  tube  and  5  very  short  lobes.    Stamens  5 :  filaments  adnate  to  the  base  of 
the  corolla-tube:  anthers  linear,  included.     Berry  thick. 

1.  H.  patens  Jacq.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaf -blades  elliptic,  oblong,  or  elliptic- 
ovate,  8-15  cm.  long:  hypanthium  turbinate:  sepals  about  1  mm.  long:  corolla 
crimson,  1.5-2.3  cm.  long;  lobes  2-3  mm.  long:  berries  oval  or  ovoid,  5-7  mm. 
long,  black.  [H.  erecta  Jacq.?] — HAMELIA. 

Hammocks,  lower  two-thirds  of  pen.  Fla.  and  on  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I,) 

7.  CEPHALANTHTJS  L.    Shrubs  or  trees.    Leaf -blades  thinnish.    Flowers 
in  capitate  cymes.     Sepals  usually  4,  rounded.     Corolla  with  a  long  tube  and 
usually  4  short  lobes.    Stamens  usually  4:  filaments  adnate  to  the  throat  of  the 
corolla:  anthers  oblong  or  nearly  so.     Nut-like  fruit  obpyramidal. 

1.  C.  occidentalis  L.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaf -blades  oblong,  lanceolate,  or 
ovate-lanceolate,  5-20  cm.  long,  short-petioled :  flower-heads  globose,  2.5-3.5 
cm.  thick:  sepals  about  0.5  mm.  long:  corolla  white,  about  10  mm.  long;  lobes 
ovate  to  oblong-ovate:  nutlets  7-8  mm.  long. — BUTTONBUSH. 

Swamps  and  low  hammocks,  nearly  throughout  Fla.,  except  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont.) 
— Spr.-fall. 

8.  GUETTABDA    L.      Shrubs    or    trees.      Leaf-blades    thin    or    thickish. 
Flowers  in  axillary  peduncled  cymes.     Sepals  2-4  or  more,  short,  or  obsolete. 
Corolla  with  a  long  tube  and  4,  or  more,  shorter  lobes.    Stamens  4-9 :  filaments 
adnate  to  near  the  top  of  the  corolla-tube:  anthers  narrow,  but  short.    Drupe 
globular.  —  All  year. 


EUBIACEAE.  125 

Corolla  6-8  mm.  long :  leaf -blades  strlglllose  or  glabrate,  not  rugose.  1.  G.  elUptica. 
Corolla  20-25  mm.  long  :  leaf -blades  scabro-pubescent,  rugose.  2.  G.  scabra. 

1.  GK  elliptica  Sw.     Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaf -blades  thin,  mainly  oblong,  oval, 
or  obovate,  2-4  cm.  long:  corolla-lobes  mostly  4:  style  glabrous:  drupes  8-11 
mm.  in  diameter. — VELVET- SEED. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  7.) 

2.  G.  scabra  Vent.     Shrub  or  small  tree :  leaf -blades  thick,  mainly  oblong,  oval, 
or  oblong-ovate,  4.5-8  cm.  long,  or  rarely  smaller:  corolla-lobes  mostly  6  cr  7: 
style  pubescent :  drupes  about  6  mm.  in  diameter. — BOUGH  VELVET-SEED. 

Hammocks  and  pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys,  and  coastal  hammocks,  s.  pen. 
Fla.     (W.  I.) 

9.  EBITHALIS  P.  Br.     Shrubs.     Leaf-blades  leathery.     Flowers  in  ter- 
minal cymes.     Sepals  5-10,  short  or  obsolete.     Corolla  with  a  short  tube  and 
5-10  narrow  lobes.    Stamens  5-10 :  filaments  adnate  to  the  base  of  the  corolla- 
tube:  anthers  oblong  to  linear.    Drupe  berry-like. 

1.  E.  fruticosa  L.  Shrub  with  glabrous  foliage:  leaf -blades  oval  to  oblong- 
obovate,  2.5-5  cm.  long,  lustrous:  sepals  minute:  corolla  white;  lobes  oblong, 
3-5  mm.  long:  berries  subglobose,  3-4  mm.  thick,  dark-purple. 

Sand-dunes  and  coastal  hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

10.  CHIOCOCCA  P.  Br.    Shrubs  or  vines.    Leaf-blades  leathery.    Flowers 
on  axillary  raceme-like  cymes.    Sepals  5,  short.    Corolla  with  a  relatively  short 
tube  and  5  shorter  lobes.    Stamens  5:  filaments  long,  essentially  free  from  the 
corolla-tube  and  united  around  the  base  of  the  style:   anthers  linear.     Drupe 
globular. — SNOWBEREY. 

Corolla-lobes  about  3  mm.  long :  anthers'  about  3  mm.  long :  seeds  4-5  mm.  long. 

1.  C.  alba. 
Corolla-lobes  about  2  mm.  long :  anthers  about  2  mm.  long :  seeds 

2-2.5  mm.  long.  2.  C.  pinetorum. 

1.  C.  alba    (L.)    A.  Hitchc.     Large,  erect,  diffuse,  or  reclining  plants:   leaf- 
blades  elliptic,  oval,  or  ovate,  3-7  cm.  long:    corolla  white,  often  becoming 
yellow;  tube  7-8  mm.  long:  drupes  white,  5.5-6.5  mm.  in  diameter. 

Hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  C.  pinetorum  Britton.     Small,  trailing  plants:  leaf -blades  elliptic  to  oblong 
or  sometimes  oval,  broadest  below  the  middle,  1-3  cm.  long:   corolla  perma- 
nently white;  tube  3.5-4  mm.  long:  drupes  white,  4-4.5  mm.  in  diameter. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

11.  STRUMPFIA   Jacq.      Shrubs.      Leaf-blades   rigid-leathery.     Flowers 
in  axillary  raceme-like  panicles.     Sepals  5,  short.     Corolla  rotate,  with  a  very 
short   tube  and   5   longer  lobes.     Stamens  5:    filaments  very   short,   scarcely 
adnate  to  the  base  of  the  corolla-tube,  united:  anthers  adnate  by  their  broad 
connectives.     Drupe  thick. 

1.  S.  maritima  Jacq.  Much  branched  pubescent  shrub,  the  branches  short- 
jointed:  leaf -blades  linear  to  linear-elliptic,  1-2.5  cm.  long,  revolute:  sepals 
triangular  to  ovate-triangular,  becoming  about  1  mm.  long,  acute:  corolla 
white,  pubescent;  lobes  lanceolate  to  oblong,  3-4  mm.  long:  drupes  4-6  mm. 
long,  white  or  red. 

Sandy  or  rocky  hammocks  and  sand-dunes,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

12.  PSYCHOTRIA  L.     Shrubs  or  trees.     Leaf-blades  thinnish.     Flowers 
in  terminal  or  axillary  cymes.     Sepals  4-6,  short  and  broad.     Corolla  with  a 


126  BUBIACEAE. 

relatively  short  tube  and  4-6  usually  somewhat  shorter  lobes.  Stamens  4-6: 
filaments  adnate  to  near  the  top  of  the  corolla-tube:  anthers  oblong  to  oval. 
Drupe  thick,  often  berry-like. 

Inflorescence,  twigs,  and  leaves  glabrous. 

Cymes  sessile  :  sepals  very  shallow.  1.  P.  undata. 

Cymes  peduncled :  sepals  deltoid.  2.  P.  bahamensis. 

Inflorescence,  twigs,  and  leaves  pubescent.  3.  P.  Sulzneri. 

1.  P.  undata  Jacq.     Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  twigs  glabrous:  leaf -blades  oval, 
elliptic,  or  elliptic-lanceolate,  6-15  cm.  long:   corolla  white;   tube  2.5-3  mm. 
long:  anthers  oval:  drupes  4-4.5  mm.  long,  red. — WILD-COFFEE. 

Hammocks,  lower  two-thirds  of  pen.  Fla.  and  outer  F.  Keys.     (TT.  7.) 

2.  P.  bahamensis  Millsp.    Shrub  or  small  tree,  the  twigs  glabrous:  leaf -blades 
lanceolate,  elliptic,  or  oblanceolate,  3-12  cm.  long:  corolla  white;  tube  3— i  mm. 
long:   anthers  oblong:   drupes  oval  or  globular,  4-5  mm.  long,  bright-orange. 
— BAHAMAN  WILD- COFFEE. 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  P.   Sulzneri  Small.     Shrub,  the  branches  pubescent:    leaf -blades  narrowly 
oblong,  elliptic,  or  elliptic-lanceolate,  8-15  cm.  long:  corolla  white;  tube  2-2.5 
mm.  long:  anthers  oblong:  drupes  5-6  mm.  long.     [P.  tenuifolia  Griseb.     Not 
S  w.  ]  — WILD-  COFFEE. 

Hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  adj.  islands.     (W.  I.) 

13.  PAEDEEIA   L.     Woody   vines.     Leaves   opposite:    blades   broad,   at 
least  relatively  so,  entire.     Flowers  borne  in  dichotomous  cymes.     Sepals  4  or 
5,  narrow.     Corolla  campanulate:   lobes  4  or  5,  relatively  short.     Filaments 
almost  wholly  adnate  to  the   corolla-tube:    anthers   narrow.     Styles    slender, 
united  at  the  base.    Berry  rather  dry,  the  outer  coat  brittle  and  early  falling 
away.     Seeds  flat,  margined. 

1.  P.  foetida  L.  Stems  twining,  often  slightly  pubescent  in  lines:  leaf -blades 
oblong  to  oblong-lanceolate,  3-11  cm.  long,  acuminate  at  the  apex,  rounded, 
truncate  or  subcordate  at  the  base,  slender-petioled :  sepals  acute:  corolla  7-9 
mm.  long;  lobes  about  i  as  long  as  the  tube,  apiculate:  berries  obovoid,  about 
1  cm.  long. 

Thickets  and  fence-rows,  pen.  Fla.    Nat.  of  the  E.  Indies. 

14.  MOBINDA    [Vaill.]    L.     Shrubs   or  trees.     Leaf-blades  rather  thin. 
Flowers  in  capitate  cymes,  the  hypanthia  coalescent.    Sepals  usually  5,  minute 
or   obsolete.     Corolla  with  a  relatively   short  tube  and   usually   5   somewhat 
shorter  lobes.     Stamens  usually  5:   filaments  adnate  to  near  the  top  of  the 
corolla- tube :  anthers  linear.     Drupes  united  into  a  fleshy  syncarp. 

1.  M.  Roioc  L.  Shrub  or  vine:  leaf -blades  oblong  to  cuneate,  5-10  cm.  long: 
corolla  white  or  reddish;  lobes  oblong  or  oblong-lanceolate,  2.5-3.5  mm.  long: 
syncarp  2-3.5  cm.  long,  yellow. 

Pinelands  and  hammocks,  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (U'.  /.) 

15.  ERNODEA  Sw.     Diffuse  or  vine-like  shrubs.     Leaf-blades  leathery. 
Flowers  axillary.     Sepals  4-6,  narrow.     Corolla  with  a  long  tube  and  4-6 
relatively  long  lobes.    Stamens  4-6 :  filaments  adnate  to  the  top  of  the  corolla- 
tube:    anthers  narrow.     Drupe   thin-fleshy. 

Sepals  about  one-third  as  long  as  the  corolla-tube :  anthers  narrowly  linear. 

1.  E.  Uttoralis. 
Sepals  about  one-half  as  long  as  the  corolla-tube :  anthers  narrowly 

oblong.  2.  E.  angusta. 


CAPEIFOLIACEAE.  127 

1.  E.  littoralis  Sw.    Stem  and  branches  prostrate :  leaves  fleshy ;  blades  mainly 
elliptic,  sometimes  narrowly  so,  2-3.5  cm.  long:    corolla  white;   tube  mostly 
over  10  mm.  long:  anthers  over  2  mm.  long:  drupes  mainly  globular. 

Coastal  sand-dunes  and  rocky  shores,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  E.  angusta  Small.    Stem  and  branches  more  slender  than  those  of  E.  littor- 
alis: leaves  firm;  blades  linear,  2-4  cm.  long:   corolla  usually  reddish;   tube 
mostly  less  than  10  mm.  long:  anthers  over  1.5  mm.  long:  drupes  mainly  oval. 

Pinelands,  E.  Keys  and  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

FAMILY  2.  OAPRIFOLIACEAE.  HONEYSUCKLE  FAMILY. 
Shrubs,  trees,  vines,  or  perennial  herbs.  Leaves  opposite:  blades 
entire,  toothed,  or  pinnate.  Flowers  mostly  perfect,  in  terminal  or  axil- 
lary cymes,  or  axillary.  Calyx  of  mostly  4  or  5  minute  or  foliaceous 
sepals.  Corolla  of  4  or  5  partially  united  petals,  often  irregular.  Androe- 
cium  of  4  or  5  stamens:  filaments  partially  adnate  to  the  corolla-tube. 
Gynoecium  2-5-carpellary.  Ovary  inferior.  Fruit  baccate,  drupaceous, 
or  capsular. 

Corolla  rotate  to  urceolate :  stigma  2-5-lobed,  sessile. 

Leaf-blades  pinnate  :  drupelets  with  3-5  nut-like  stones.  1.   SAMBUCUS. 

Leaf-blades  entire  or  toothed  :  drupelets  with  a  single  stone.  2.  VIBURNUM. 

Corolla    elongate,    tubular    to    trumpet-shaped;    limb    sometimes 

2-lipped. 
Flowers  in  pairs,  each  of  which  terminates  an  axillary  peduncle, 

accompanied  by  a  pair  of  bracts  and  bractlets.  3.  NINTOOA. 

Flowers  in  whorls  at  or  near  the  ends  of  the  branches,  the 

bracts  and  usually  some  of  the  upper  leaves  connate-perfoliate.         4.  LONICEKA. 

1.  SAMBUCUS   [Tourn.]  L.     Shrubs  or  trees,  with  pithy  stems.     Leaf- 
blades  pinnate.     Flowers  in  thyrsoid  or  flat-topped  cymes.     Sepals  minute. 
Anthers  oblong  or  oval.     Ovary  3-5-celled.    Drupelets  with  3-5  stones. 

1.  S.  intermedia  Carr.  Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaflets  5-11,  the  blades  oblong  to 
ovate  or  oval,  3-14  em.  long,  serrate  with  incurved  teeth:  cymes  merely  convex: 
corolla  5-6  mm.  wide:  drupes  4-6  mm.  in  diameter,  deep-purple  or  nearly 
black. — ELDER. 

Swamps,  woods,  and  hammocks,  nearly  throughout  the  mainland  of  Fla.     (Cont,, 
W.  I.) 

2.  VIBURNUM  [Tourn.]  L.    Shrubs  or  trees,  the  stems  not  pithy.    Leaf- 
blades   simple.      Flowers   in   round-topped   cymes.      Sepals   minute.      Anthers 
oblong.     Ovary  1-celled.     Drupelets  with  a  single  stone. — Spr.-sum. — ARROW- 
WOOD. 

Leaf-blades  palmately  veined  and  usually  lobed.  1.  V.  densiflorum. 

Leaf-blades  pinnately  veined,  toothed  or  entire. 
Cymes  manifestly  peduncled. 
Leaf-blades  coarsely  dentate. 

Leaf-blades  glabrous  or  with  tufts  of  simple  hairs  in 

the  vein-axils  beneath.  2.  V.  dentatum. 

Leaf-blades  stellate-pubescent  beneath.  3.  V.  scabrellum. 

Leaf-blades  entire  or  irregularly  erose-crenulate. 

Peduncle  shorter  than  the  cyme.  4.  V.  crassinoides. 

Peduncle  longer  than  the  cyme.  5.  V.  nudum. 

Cymes  sessile  or  nearly  so. 

Filaments  as  long  as  the  corolla  or  longer :  leaves  with 
manifest  distinction  between  blade  and  petiole ;  blades 
toothed  all  around.  6.  V.  rufldulum. 

Filaments  much  shorter  than  the  corolla  :  leaves  without 
distinction  between  blade  and  petiole ;  blades  .en- 
tire or  somewhat  crenate  near  the  apex. 


128  CAPEIFOLIACEAE. 

Drupelets  less  than  9  mm.  long,  the  stone  turgid- 

suborbicular  :  leaf-blades  narrow.  7.  V.  obovatum. 

Drupelets  over  9  mm.  long,  the  stone  flat,  oblong- 

obovate  :  leaf -blades  broad.  8.  V,  Nashii. 

1.  V.    densiflorum    Chapm.    Erect    shrub:     leaf -blades    undulate,    shallowly 
toothed  or  sometimes  slightly  3-lobed:    sepals  deltoid,  about  0.7  mm.  long: 
hypanthium  pubescent :  corolla-lobes  mostly  ovate :  drupes  oblong,  —  mm.  long. 

Woods,  w.  Fla.-    (Ala.) 

2.  V.  dentatum  L.     Shrub:   leaf -blades  suborbicular,  oval,  or  ovate,  sharply 
dentate,  3-8  cm.  long:   corolla-lobes  reniform:   filaments  much  exceeding  the 
corolla-lobes:  drupes  globose-ovoid,  5-6  mm.  long,  deep-blue  or  nearly  black. 

Thickets  and  swamps,  n.  Fla  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

3.  V.   scabreUum    (T.   &  G.)    Chapm.     Shrub:    leaf -blades  broadly  ovate  to 
nearly  orbicular,  coarsely  dentate,  8-13  cm.  long:  corolla  6-8  mm.  wide:  fila- 
ments slightly  exceeding  the  corolla-lobes:   drupes  ovoid  to  globose-ovoid,  6-9 
mm.  long,  deep-blue. 

Woods  and  hillsides,  m.  and  w.  Fla.     (Cow*.) 

4.  V.  cassinoides  L.     Shrub:  leaf -blades  thickish,  ovate-elliptic,  ovate-lanceo- 
late, or  oblanceolate,  undulate  or  crenate,  3-8  cm.  long:  corolla  4-5  mm.  wide: 
filaments   much   exceeding   the    corolla-lobes:    drupes   ovoid   or    globose-ovoid, 
6-9  mm.  long,  deep-blue  or  rarely  pink. 

Swamps,  n.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

5.  V.  nudum  L.     Shrub:  leaf-blades  thick,  oval-ovate,  oblong,  broadly  lanceo- 
late, or  oblanceolate  (linear-oblong  or  narrowly  oblong-lanceolate  in  V.  nudum 
angustifolium),  undulate  or  obscurely  toothed,  5-15  cm.  long:   corolla  often 
larger  than  that  of  V.  cassinoides   (smaller  in  V.  nudum  serotinum) :   drupes 
oval  to  subglobose,  6-10  mm.  long,  deep-blue. — POSSUM-HAW. 

•Swamps  and  low  grounds,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont. ) 

6.  V.  rufidulum  Eaf .     Shrub  or  small  tree :  leaf -blades  thick,  oblong  or  elliptic, 
or  nearly  so,  serrate,  4-10  cm.  long:  corolla  7-10  mm.  wide:  drupes  broadly 
oblong,  10-14  mm.  long,  deep-blue  under  the  bloom. — SOUTHERN  BLACK-HAW. 

Woods  and  thickets,  n.  Fla.  and  the  adj.  pen.     (Cont) 

7.  V.  obovatum  Walt.     Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaf -blades  oblanceolate,  cuneate, 
or  obovate,  1.5-6  cm.  long,  entire  or  slightly  toothed  near  the  apex:  corolla  5-6 
mm.  wide:  filaments  scarcely  equalling  the  corolla-tube:  drupes  oval,  6-8  mm. 
long,  black. — SMALL- VIBURNUM. 

River-swamps,  n.  Fla.  and  the  upper  pen.     (Cont.) 

8.  V.  Nashii  Small.     Shrub  or  small  tree:  leaf -blades  suborbicular  or  broadly 
obovate  to  spatulate,  4-5  cm.  long,  more  or  less  crenate:  drupes  oblong,  10-12 
mm.  long,  black. — NASH  'S-VIRBURNUM. 

River-swamps,  w.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

3.  NINTOOA   Sweet.      Woody    vines.      Leaf-blades    entire.      Flowers    in 
pairs  terminating  axillary  peduncles,  accompanied  by  2  foliaceous  bracts  and  2 
small  bractlets,  the  hypanthia  distinct.     Sepals  slender  or  subulate.     Corolla 
relatively  long:  tube  not  gibbous:  limb  2-lipped.     Berries  distinct. 

1.  N.  japonica  (Thunb.)  Sweet.  Diffusely  creeping  or  climbing  vine:  leaf- 
blades  oblong,  ovate,  or  orbicular-ovate,  2-5  cm.  long:  corolla  white  or  pink, 
becoming  yellow;  tube  about  2  cm.  long:  stamens  and  style  exserted:  berries 
subglobose  or  oval,  4-6  mm.  long,  black. — JAPANESE-HONEYSUCKLE. 

Roadsides,  thickets,  woods,  and  cultivated  grounds,  n.  and  pen.  Fla.     Nat.  of 
Japan.     (Cont.) 

4.  LONICEBA  L.     Woody  vines.     Leaf-blades  entire,  or  lobed  on  shoots. 
Flowers  in  sessile  axillary  clusters.     Hypanthium  short.     Sepals  minute.     Co- 


BRUNONIACEAE.  129 

rolla  mostly  2-lipped :  tube  more  or  less  gibbous  at  the  base.  Berries  clustered. 
— Spr.  and  sum. — HONEYSUCKLE.  WOODBINE. 

1.  L.  sempervirens  Ait.  Twining  vine,  the  twigs  glabrous:  leaf -blades  nar- 
row or  broad,  mostly  3-9  cm.  long:  corolla  scarlet  or  yellow,  3-4  cm.  long,  the 
lower  lip  slightly  narrower  than  the  lobes  of  the  upper  lip. — TRUMPET-HONEY- 
SUCKLE. CORAL-HONEYSUCKLE. 

Thickets,  woods,  and  river-banks,  n.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Cow*.) 

Order  ARISTOLOCHIALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  mostly  cordate  or 
hastate.  Flowers  perfect,  often  conspicuous.  Hypanthium  mostly  ad- 
nate  to  the  ovary.  Calyx  regular  or  very  irregular.  Corolla  wanting  or 
rudimentary.  Androecium  of  as  many  stamens  as  there  are  calyx  lobes 
or  more.  Gynoecium  of  usually  6  united  carpels.  Fruit  a  capsule. 

FAMILY  1.    ASAEACEAE.    BIRTHWORT  FAMILY. 

Perennial  herbs,  shrubs,  or  vines.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  sometimes 
lobed,  generally  cordate.  Flowers  perfect,  regular  or  very  irregular. 
Calyx  usually  colored,  the  tube  often  bent  or  inflated.  Androecium  of 
6-many  stamens.  Gynoecium  of  4^-6  united  carpels.  Ovary  mostly  in- 
ferior. Fruit  capsular. 

1.  ABISTOLOCHIA  [Tourn.]  L.  Caulescent  herbs,  shrubs,  or  fines. 
Leaves  with  narrow  or  broad  blades.  Flowers  irregular,  often  S-shaped,  or 
resembling  a  dutch-pipe,  the  calyx  often  coralloid.  Hypanthium  often  ribbed. 
Ovary  inferior.  Styles  united  into  an  angled  column.  Capsules  pendulous. 

1.  A.  tomentosa  Sims.     Stems  high-climbing,  the  branches  downy:  leaf -blades 
ovate  to  suborbicular,  10-18  cm.  long,  rounded  at  the  apex:  peduncle  wanting: 
calyx  abruptly  bent  above  the  ovary,  the  limb  2-2.5  cm.  wide,  yellowish,  except 
the  purple  orifice,  rugose:  capsules  4-6  cm.  long. — PIPEVINE. 
Woods,  m.  and  w.  Fla.   (Core*.) — Spr.-sum. 

Order  CAMPANULALES. 

Herbs,  or  rarely  shrubs  or  trees.  Leaves  mainly  alternate:  blades 
simple,  entire,  or  divided.  Flowers  perfect,  monoecious,  or  dioecious, 
sometimes  irregular.  Hypanthium  well-developed.  Calyx  of  several  dis- 
tinct or  partially  united  sepals.  Corolla  of  several  distinct  or  partially 
united  petals.  Androecium  of  1-5  stamens.  Anthers  distinct  or  connate. 
Gynoecium  of  1-several  united  carpels,  the  ovary  wholly  or  partially 
inferior.  Fruit  capsular,  baccate,  or  drupaceous. 

FAMILY  1.    BRUNONIACEAE.     GOODENIA  FAMILY. 

Herbaceous  or  woody  plants.  Leaves  alternate  or  sometimes  opposite : 
blades  entire,  toothed,  or  pinnatifid.  Flowers  perfect.  Calyx  of  5  par- 
tially united  sepals,  or  rarely  obsolete.  Corolla  of  5  equally  or  unequally 
united  petals.  Androeeium  of  5  distinct  stamens.  Gynoecium  mostly  of 
2  united  carpels,  the  ovary  mostly  inferior.  Stigma  surrounded  with  an 
indusium.  Fruit  drupaceous,  baccate,  or  capsular. 

Shrubs  of  Florida — 9. 


130  CARDUACEAE. 

1.  SCAEVOIiA  L.  Succulent  herbs  or  shrubs.  Leaf -blades  mostly  entire. 
Flowers  irregular,  in  cymes.  Calyx  5-lobed,  or  obsolete.  Corolla-tube  open  to 
the  base  on  one  side,  the  lobes  winged.  Stigma  with  a  ciliate  indusium.  Berry 
with  a  fleshy  exocarp. 

1.  S.  Plumieri  Vahl.  Plants  3-18  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  obovate  to  spatulate, 
4-6  cm.  long:  calyx-lobes  rounded:  corolla  white  or  pinkish,  22-28  mm.  long, 
woolly  within;  lobes  linear  to  lanceolate:  berries  oval  to  globular,  10-14  mm. 
long,  black. 

Coastal  sand-dunes,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

Order   CARDUALES. 

Herbs,  shrubs,  or  rarely  trees.  Leaves  mainly  alternate :  blades  entire, 
toothed,  or  divided.  Flowers  perfect,  monoecious,  or  dioecious,  few  or 
many  aggregated  on  a  receptacle  and  surrounded  with  an  involucre,  or 
the  involucre  rarely  obsolete.  Calyx  one  or  two  rows  of  bristles,  scales,  a 
mere  border  or  crown,  or  obsolete,  or  wanting.  Corolla  of  several  more 
or  less  united  petals,  or  wanting.  Androecium  of  usually  5  stamens,  the 
anthers  converging,  or  united.  Gynoecium  mostly  of  2  united  carpels. 
Ovary  inferior.  Styles  or  stimgas  mostly  2.  Fruit  an  achene. 

Stamens  distinct,  the  anthers  merely  converging  about  the  stigma. 

Fam.  1.  AMBROSIACEAE. 
Stamens  united  by  the  anthers,  thus  forming  a  tube  around 

the  stigma.  Fam.  2.  CABDDACEAE. 

FAMILY  1.    AMBROSIACEAE.    RAGWEED  FAMILY. 

Annual  or  perennial  herbs,  or  shrubs,  the  plants  often  coarse.  Leaf- 
blades  entire,  toothed,  lobed,  or  divided.  Flowers  in  inconspicuous  heads, 
the  bracts  of  the  pistillate  heads  distinct  or  sometimes  united  and  accres- 
cent into  a  bur.  Fruit-producing  flowers  apetalous  or  with  much  reduced 
corollas.  Achenes  subtended  by  or  enclosed  in  an  involucre.  Pappus 
wanting  or  obolete. 

1.  IVA  L.  Shrubs  with  erect  stems.  Leaf-blades  entire  or  tothed,  some- 
times fleshy.  Mature  pistillate  involucre  often  nodding. — MARSH-ELDER. 

Leaf-blades  entire  or  nearly  so :  involucres  of  6-9  bracts.  1.  /.  imbricata. 

Leaf-blades  coarsely  serrate :  involucres  of  4  or  5  bracts.  2.  /.  frutesccns. 

:1.  I.  imbricata  Walt.  Stems  3-7  dm.  long,  smooth  and  glabrous:  leaf -blades 
linear-subulate  to  linear,  2-5  cm.  long,  glabrous:  involucre  3-4  mm.  high: 
:achenes  about  3-3.5  mm.  long. 

Coastal  region  of  Fla.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

'2.  I.  frutescens  L.  Stems  8-35  dm.  tall,  pubescent  or  puberulent:  leaf -blades 
•elliptic,  oblong-lanceolate,  or  oblong-linear,  5-10  cm.  long,  coarsely  serrate: 
involucres  3.5—4  mm.;  bracts  2-3  mm.  long:  achenes  2-2.5  mm.  long. 

Coastal  region,  n.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Cont.) 

FAMILY  2.     CARDUACEAE.     THISTLE  FAMILY. 

Herbs  or  rarely  shrubs  or  trees.  Flowers  borne  in  heads,  the  marginal 
•ones  commonly  differing  from  the  central  ones  in  having  a  1-sided,  more 
•or  less  elongate  corolla  limb.  Pappus  usually  present  and  often  con- 
spicuous. 


CARDUACEAE.  131 

Plants  not  dioecious :  disk  corollas  with  funnelform  or  catnpanulate  throats :  ray- 
corollas,  when  present,  with  flat  ligules. 
Heads  without  ray-flowers. 

Achenes  3-5-angled,  ribless  :  corolla-throat  funnelform. 
Bracts  of  the  involucre  leathery  or  parchment-like,  in 

many  series,  striate.  1.  OSMIA. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  membranous  or  herbaceous,  in 

1-few  series,  not  striate.  2.  EDPATORIOM. 

Achenes  10-ribbed  :  corolla-throat  campanulate.  3.  GARBKBIA. 

Heads  with  ray-flowers.  4.  CHBYSOMA. 

Plants  dioecious  :  pistillate  corollas  filiform ;  staminate  corollas 

funnelform.  5.  BACCHARIS. 

1.  OSMIA  Sch.  Bip.     Shrubs  or  perennial  herbs.     Leaves  opposite:  blades 
broadest  below  the  middle.    Heads  borne  in  corymbs.    Involucre  ovoid  or  thick- 
cylindric.      Corolla-lobes    ovate    or    rounded.      Anther- appendages    triangular. 
Achene  angled.     Pappus  of  capillary  bristles. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  5-7-ribbed  :  receptacle  convex.  1.  O.  frustrate,. 

Bracts  of  the  involucre  3-ribbed  :  receptacle  flat.  2.  O.  odorata. 

1.  O.    frustrata    (B.    L.    Robinson)    Small.     Stems   5-10    dm.   tall,   minutely 
pubescent:   leaf -blades  ovate-lanceolate  to  deltoid-ovate,  2-3  cm.  long,  rather 
obtuse:    involucre   6-8  mm.  long:    corollas  about  4  mm.  long.     [Eupatorium 
heterodinum  Chapm.    Not.  Griseb.,  Eupatorium  frustratum  B.  L.  Robinson.] 

Hammocks,  F.  Keys.      (Endemic.) 

2.  O.  odorata    (L.)    Sch.   Bip.     Stems  6-18   dm.  tall,  pubescent:    leaf -blades 
ovate  to  lanceolate,  4-10   cm.   long,   acuminate:    involucres   8-10   mm.  long: 
corollas  about  5  mm.  long. 

Hammocks,  s.  pen.  Fla.  and  the  F.  Keys.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

2.  EUPATORIUM    [Tourn.]    L.     Shrubs    or    caulescent    herbs.     Leaves 
alternate  or  opposite:   blades  entire,  toothed,  or  dissected.     Heads  borne  in 
corymbs.     Involucre  campanulate  to  cylindric.     Corolla-lobes  ovate  or  triangu- 
lar.    Anther-appendages  ovate.     Achene  angled.    Pappus  of  capillary  bristles. 
1.  B.  villosum  Sw.     Stems  5-20  dm.  tall,  tomentulose:   leaf -blades  ovate  to 
deltoid-ovate,  1.5-7  cm.  long,  obtuse,  entire  or  repand:  bracts  of  the  involucre 
obtuse,  the  inner  4  mm.  long:  corollas  3  mm.  long:  achenes  1.5-2  mm.  long. 

Hammocks,  E.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

3.  GARBERIA  A.  Gray.     Shrubs.    Leaves  alternate:  blades  broad,  entire. 
Heads  borne  in  rather  dense  corymbose  cymes.     Involucre  narrow.     Corolla- 
throat  campanulate,  rather  shorter  than  the  much  narrower  tube:   lobes  nar- 
rowly   lanceolate.      Androecium    conspicuously    exserted:     anther-appendages 
notched.    Achene  long,  ribbed.    Pappus  of  scabro-barbellulate  capillary  bristles 
in  2  or  more  rows. 

1.  G.    fruticosa    (Nutt.)    A.    Gray.      Stems    1-2    m.    tall:    leaf -blades    spatu- 
late  to  obovate,  2-3  cm.  long:  involucre  10-12  mm.  long;  bracts  of  the  invo- 
lucre puberulent:  achenes  9-10  mm.  long. 
Hammocks,  pen.  Fla.     (Endemic.) 

4.  CHRYSOMA  Nutt.    Shrubs  or  partly  woody  plants.    Leaves  alternate : 
blades    narrow,    fleshy-leathery,    conspicuously    fine-pitted.      Heads    numerous, 
thyrsoid,  or  somewhat  corymbose.    Involucres  narrow,  few-flowered:  bracts  nar- 
row, the  inner  much  longer  than  the  outer.     Ray-flowers  1-3:  corollas  with  a 
long  tube  and  a  yellow  ligule.     Disk-corollas  with  a  funnelform  throat  and  a 
tube  of  about  equal  length:   lobes  lanceolate.     Anthers  longer  than  the  fila- 


132  CAKDUACEAE. 

ments.  Stigmas  lanceolate.  Pappus  of  1  or  2  series  -of  brownish  capillary 
bristles. 

1.  C.  pauciflosculosa  (Michx.)  Greene.  Stems  3-9  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  linear- 
spatulate  to  linear-oblong,  3-6  cm.  long:  involucres  4-6  mm.  long,  the  inner 
bracts  linear-lanceolate:  ligules  of  the  ray-corollas  4-6  mm.  long:  achenes 
3-4  mm.  long. 

Sandy  shores  and  banks,  n.  Fla.     (Cont. ) 

5.  BACCHAK1S  L.  Shrubs.  Leaves  alternate:  blades  leathery,  entire 
or  toothed.  Heads  dioecious,  often  clustered,  discoid.  Involucres  ovoid  to 
campanulate,  many-flowered:  bracts  of  the  staminate  involucre  smaller  than 
those  of  the  pistillate.  Corollas  various,  those  of  the  staminate  with  a  funnel- 
form  throat  and  a  long  tube,  the  lobes  lanceolate :  those  of  the  pistillate  flowers 
filiform.  Pappus  of  the  staminate  flowers  shorter  than  that  of  the  pistillate. 
Leaf-blades  broadest  above  the  middle. 

Leaf-blades  entire.  1.  B.  dioica. 

Leaf-blades  toothed. 

Inner  bracts  of  the  pistillate  involucres  acute  :  heads  in 

peduncled  panicled  clusters.  2.  B.  halimifoUa. 

Inner  bracts  of  the  pistillate  involucres  obtuse :  heads 

in  sessile  or  nearly  sessile  axillary  clusters.  3.  B.  glomeruliflora. 

Leaf-blades  linear.  4.  B.  angustifolia. 

1.  B.  dioica  Vahl.     Shrub  8-25  dm.  tall:  leaf -blades  spatulate,  often  broadly 
so,  to  obovate-spatulate,  1-3  cm.  long:   pistillate  involucres  with  ovate-obtuse 
outer  bracts  and  linear-lanceolate  acuminate  inner  bracts. 

Coastal  hammocks,  E.  Keys.     (W.  I.) 

2.  B.  halimifolia  L.     Shrub  9-40  dm.  tall,  resinous:  leaf -blades  suborbicular 
to  oblong  or  linear-elliptic,  some  of  them,  at  least,  coarsely  toothed:  pistillate 
involucres  about  6  mm.  long;  inner  bracts  linear. — GROUNDSEL-TREE. 

Coastal  hammocks  and  sand-dunes,  nearly  throughout  Fla.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

3.  B.  glomeruliflora  Pers.     Shrub  8-30  dm.  tall,  barely  resinous:   leaf -blades 
spatulate  to   cuneate-obovate,  2-5   cm.   long,  often   sharply  toothed:    pistillate 
involucres  5-6  mm.  long;  inner  bracts  oblong-spatulate. 

Hammocks,  nearly  throughout  n.  and  pen.  Fla.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 

4.  B.  angustifolia  Michx.    Shrub  5-25  dm.  tall,  resinous:  leaf -blades  narrowly 
linear,  1—8  cm.  long,  entire  or  nearly  so:   pistillate  involucres  4—5  mm.  long; 
inner  bracts  oblong. 

Hammocks  and  sand-dunes,  nearly  throughout  Fla.     (Cont.,  W.  I.) 


LIST  OF  GENERA  AND  SPECIES  PUBLISHED  IN  THIS  FLORA. 

Cerotbamnus  pumilus  (Michx.)  Small.     Myrica  cerifera  pumila  Michx. 
Bubus  lucidus  Rydb.     Type,  Dunedin,  Florida,  Tracy,  6855,  in  herb.  N. 

Y.  B.  G. 
Rosa  floridana  Rydb.     Type,  near  Jacksonville,  Florida,  Curtiss,  4755,  in 

herb.  Columbia  University. 
AMPELOTHAMNUS  Small.     Greek,  vine-shrub,  referring  to  the  habit  of  the 

type  species,  i.  e.  either  an  erect  shrub  or  a  climbing  vine. 
Ampelothamiius   phillyreifolus    (Hook.)    Small,  Andromeda  phillyrei folia 

Hook. 
DESMOTHAMNUS  Small.    Greek,  fetter-bush,  the  common  name  of  the  type 

species. 

Desmothamnus  nitidus  (Bartr.)   Small,  Andromeda  nitida  Bartr. 
Arsenococcus  frondosus  (Pursh)  Small.     Andromeda  frondosa  Pursh. 
Eubotrys  elongata  Small.     Leucothoe  elongata  Small. 
Forestiera  globosa  Small.     Adelia  globosa  Small. 
Adenoplea  Lindleyana  (Fort.)  Small.    Buddleia  Lindleyana  Fort. 
Phoradendron  Eatoni  Trelease.     Type,  Delp  Lake,  Florida,  A.  A.  Eaton, 

1310. 
Phoradendron  macrotomum  Trelease.     Type,   Curtiss'   Second  Distr.  PL 

S.  U.  S.,  4569. 


133 


INDEX. 


Acacia,  45 

Baccharis,  132 

Breynia,  59 

Acanthocereus,  81 

Bahama-nightshade,    112 

BRUNONIACEAE,  129 

Adelia,  107 

Bahaman  wild-coffe,  126 

Buckberry,  99 

Adenoplea,  109 

Balsam-torchwood,  55 

Buckeye,  69 

AESCULACEAE,   69 

Barbados-cedar,  2 

BUCKEYE  FAMILY,  69 

Agati,  50 

Barbados-flower   48 

Buckthorn,  71,  104 

Albizzia,  45 

Basil,  119 

BUCKTHORN   FAMILY,  70 

Alder,   11 

BATIDACEAE,  17 

BUCKWHEAT  FAMILY,  15 

Alligator-apple,   20 

Batis,  17 

Bullace-grape,  74 

Alnus,   11 

Batodendron,  99 

Bullace-plum,  44 

Alvaradoa,   57 

Bayberry,  8 

Bumelia,  103 

AMBROSIACEAE,    130 

BAYBERRY  FAMILY,  8 

Burning-bush,  67 

Amelanchier,   29 

Bay-cedar,  56 

Bustic,  103 

American-ivy,  75 

BAY-CEDAR  FAMILY,  56 

Buttonbush,  124 

Amerimnon,   50 

Bay-leaved  caper-tree,  22 

Buttonwood,  87 

AMMIALES,  90 

Bay  star-vine,  21 

Byrsonima,  53 

Amorpha,   51 

Bear-berry,  66 

Ampelopsis,  75 

Beggar  's  ticks,  52 

CACTUS  FAMILY,  81 

Ampelothamnus,   96 

Bejaria,  92 

Caesalpinia,  48 

AMYGDALACEAE,  43 

Benjamin-bush,  85 

Calico-bush,  94 

Amyris,  54 

Benzoin,  85 

Callicarpa,  117 

Anamomis,  88 

Berchemia,  71 

CALTROP  FAMILY,  53 

ANGIOSPERMAE,  2 

Bergamot-lime,  55 

CALYCANTHACEAE,  28 

Anise-tree,  21 

BETULACEAE,  10 

Calyptranthes,  89 

Anisostichus,    120 

Bignonia,  120 

CAMELLIA  FAMILY,  78 

Annona,  20 

BlGNONIACEAE,  120 

CAMPANULALES,  129 

ANNONACEAE,  19 

BIRCH  FAMILY,  10 

Camphora,    84 

Ants-wood,  103 

Birthwort,  129 

Camphor-tree,  84 

APOCYNACEAE,  109 

Bitter-bush,  57 

Candleberry,  8 

APPLE  FAMILY,  28 

Bitter-sweet  orange,  56 

CAPER  FAMILY,  21 

AQUIFOLIACEAE,  65 

Black-alder,  66 

Caper-tree,  22 

Aralia,  91 

Black-bead,  45 

CAPPARIDACEAE,  21 

ARDISIACEAE,  101 

Blackberry,  25 

Capparis,  22 

ARECACEAE,  3 

Black-haw,  104 

CAPRIFOLIACEAE,  127 

ARECALES,  3 

Black-ironwood,  71 

Capsicum,  ]12 

Aristolochia,  129 

Black-mangrove,  118 

CARDUACEAE,  130 

ARISTOLOCHIALES,  129 

BLACK-MANGROVE     FAM- 

CARDUALES, 130 

Aronia,   28 

ILY,  117 

Carolina-alspice,  28 

Arrow-wood,  127 

Black-mulberry,  14 

Carolina-holly,  66 

Arsenococcus,   97 

Black-sloe  44 

Carpinus,  10 

ARTOCARPACEAE,   13 

Black-titi,  65 

Casasia,  123 

ASARACEAE,   129 

Black-willow,  9 

Cassada,  103 

ASCLEPIADALES,    109 

Blodgett  's-n  i  g  h  t  s  h  a  d  e, 

Cassava,  61 

Ascyrum,  78 

112 

Cassena,  67 

Ash,  106 

Blolly,  18 

Cassia,  46 

Asimina,   19 

Blueberry,  99 

CASSIACEAE,  46 

Australian  corkwood-tree, 

Blue-jack,  13 

Castanea,  11 

50 

Blue-palmetto,  5 

Castor-oil  plant,  61 

Avicennia,  118 

Blue-stem,  4 

Catesbaea,  124 

AVICENNIACEAE,  117 

Bourreria,  113 

Catgut,  49 

Azalea,  93 

Boxwood,  68 

Cat  's-claw,  45 

135 

136 


INDEX. 


Ceanothus,  71 
Cedar,  2 

CELASTRACEAE,  67 
Celtis,  14 
Cephalanthus,  124 
Cephalocereus,  82 
Ceratiola,  63 
Cerbera,  110 
Cercis,  46 
Cereus,  82 
Cerothamnus,  8 
Cestrum,   112 
Chamaesyce,   61 
Chaparral-shrub,  15 
Chapman 's-oak,  12 
Chaste-tree,  117 
CHENOPODIACEAE,  16 
CHENOPODIALES,  16 
Cherokee-rose,  27 
Cherry,  101 
Chestnut,  11 
Chew-stick,  72 
Chickasaw-plum,  44 
Chicken-grape,  73 
Chinese-rose,  76 
Chinquapin,  11 
Chiococca  125 
Chionanthus,  107 
Chokeberry,  28 
CHORIPETALAE,  7 
Chrysobalanus,  43 
Chrysoma,  131 
Chrysophyllum,  102 
Cicca,  58 
Cissus,  74 
Citharexylum,  116 
Citron,  56 
Citrus,  55 
Clerodendron,  117 
Clethra,  91 
CLETHRACEAE,  91 
Cliftonia,  65 
Climbing-rose,  27 
Clinopodium,  119 
Coccothrinax,  4 
Cock-spur,  17 
Cocoa-plum,  43 
Colubrina,  72 
Comfort-root,  1 
Common-fig,  14 
Comptie,  1 
Conocarpus,  87 
Conradina,  118 
CONVOLVULACEAE,  110 
Coontie,  1 
Coral-bean,  52 
Coral-flower,   119 
Coral-honeysuckle,  1 
Corkwood,  8 


CORKWOOD  FAMILY,  7 

Dwarf  wax-myrtle,   S 

Cornel,  90 

CORYLACEAE,   10 

EBENACEAE,  102 

Cow-itch,  120 

EBENALES,  102 

Crabwood,  60 

EBONY  FAMILY,  102 

Cracca,  49 

EHRETIA  FAMILY,  113 

Crape-myrtle,   86 
Crataegus,  29 
Crookea  79 

EHRETIACEAE,  113 
Elder,  127 
ELM  FAMILY,  14 

Cross-vine,  120 

EMPETRACEAE,  63 

Croton,  59 

Epigaea,  98 

CROW-BERRY  FAMILY,  63 

ERICACEAE,  92 

CROWFOOT  FAMILY,  18 

ERICALES,  91 

Custard-apple,  19 
CUSTARD-APPLE    FAMILY, 

Erithalis,  125 
Ernodea,  126 

19 

Erythrina,  52 

CYCADACEAE,  1 

Eubotrys,  95 

CYCADALES,  1 

Eugenia,  88 

Cynoxylon,  90 
Cyrilla,  65 

Euonymus,  67 
Eupatorium,   131 

CYRILLACEAE,  64 

Eupatorium,   131 

EUPHORBIACEAE,    57 

Dahoon,  67 

EUPHORBIALES,    57 

Dalbergia,  50 

Evening     trumpet-flower, 

Dalbergia,  51 
DAPHNACEAE,  83 
Darling-plum,  71 

109 
Evergreen-winterberry,  66 
Exostema,  123 

Date-plum,  102 
Daubentonia,  50 

FABACEAE,  48 
FAGACEAE   11 

Deciduous-holly,   66 

FAGALES,  10 

Decodon,  86 
Decumaria,   23 
Deerberry,  99 
Delonix,  47 
Desmothamnus,   96 

False-boxwood,  68 
False-dogwood,  70 
Farkleberry,  99 
Fetter-bush,  95;  96 
Feverbush,  66 

Devilwood,  108 

Fever-tree    123 

DlCOTYLEDONES,  7 

Ficus    14 

Diospyros,   102 

Fiddlewood,  116 

Dipholis,  103 

Fig,  14 

Doctor-gum,  63 

FIGWORT  FAMILY,  119 

Dodonaea,   68 

Flame-tree   47 

DODONAEA  FAMILY,  68 

Florida-arrowroot,    1 

DODONAEACEAE,  68 
DOGBANE  FAMILY,  109 
Dogwood,  91 
DOGWOOD  FAMILY,  90 
Downward-plum,   103 

Florida-devilwood,    108 
Florida-privet,  107 
Florida-trema,  15 
Flowering-dogwood,  91 
Forestiera,  107 

Downy-grape,   73 
Drypctes,  59 
Duranta,  116 
Dwarf  -alder,  24 
Dwarf  black-huckleberry, 

Fothergilla,  24 
Fountain-plant,  119 
Fragrant-sumac,  64 
FRANGULACEAE,  70 
Fraxinus,  106 

98 
Dwarf  -candleberry,  8 
Dwarf  gray-willow,  10 
Dwarf  live-oak,  12 

French-mulberry,   117 
Fringe-tree,  108 
Frost-grape,  73 

Dwarf-palmetto,  4 

Galbraria,  85 

Dwarf-poinciana,  48 

Gallberry,  66 

Dwarf  -sumac,  64 

GAMOPETALAE,  91 

INDEX. 


137 


Garberia,  131 

Hog-plum,  44 

Lancewood,  85 

Gaylussacia,  98 

HOLLY  FAMILY,  65 

Lantana,  115 

Geiger-tree,  113 
Gelsemium,  109 

Honeysuckle,  129 
HONEYSUCKLE     FAMILY, 

Large-gallberry,  66 
Lasiaeis,  3 

Genipa,  123 

127 

Late-blackberry,  25 

GENTIANALES,  108 

Hop-hornbeam,  10 

LAURACEAE,  84 

Georgia-hackberry,   14 

Hop-tree,  54 

Laurel,   94 

GERANIALES,  52 

Hornbeam,  10 

LAUREL  FAMILY,  84 

Glasswort,  16 

Horsebean,  47 

Laurocerasus,  44 

Glycosmis,  55 

Horsebrier,  5 

Lead-plant,  51 

Goat's-rue,  49 

Horse-chestnut,  69 

Lead-tree,  46 

Golden-dewdrop,  117 

Horse-sugar,  105  - 

Leatherwood,  65,  84 

Golden-fig,  14 

Huckleberry,  98,  99 

Leitneria,  7 

Goniostachyum,  115 

HUCKLEBERRY  FAMILY,  98 

LEITNERIACEAE,  7 

GOODENIA  FAMILY,  129 

Hydrangea,  23 

LEITNERIALES,  7 

Gooseberry,  99 

HYDRANGEA  FAMILY,  23 

Lemon,  56 

GOOSEFOOT  FAMILY,  16 

HYDRANGEACEAE,  23 

Leucaena,  46 

Gopher-apple,  43 

Hylocereus,  82 

Leueothoe,  95 

Gossypium,  77 

HYPERICACEAE,  78 

Lignum-vitae,  53 

Gouania,  72 

HYPERICALES,  77 

LlLIALES,  5 

Grape,  73 

Hypericum,  79 

Lime,  56 

GRAPE  FAMILY,  72 

Lime-berry,  55 

GRASS  FAMILY,  3 

Icacorea,  101 

Lindera,  85 

Gray-beard,  23 

Ilex,  65 

Locust-berry,  53 

Gray-nicker,  48 

Illicium,  21 

LOGANIA  FAMILY,  108 

Greenbrier,  5 

Indian-cherry,  71 

Long-stalked   stopper,  88 

Ground-oak,  43 

Ink-berry,  66 

Lonicera,  128 

Groundsel-tree,  132 

Iron-wood,  65,  104 

LOOSESTRIFE  FAMILY,  86 

Guaiacum,  53 

Itea,  24 

LORANTHACEAE,    121 

Guava,  89 

ITEACEAE,  23 

Low-rose,  28 

Guettarda,  124 

Iva,  130 

Lycium,  112 

Guiana-plum,  59 

IVY  FAMILY,  91 

LYTHRACEAE,  86 

Guilandina,  48 

Guinea-hen  weed,  17 

Jacquemontia,  111 

Macartny-rose,  27 

Gulf-willow,  9 

Jacquinia,  101 

MADDER  FAMILY,  122 

Gum-elastic,  104 

Jamaica  caper-tree,  22 

Magnolia,  21 

Gyminda,  68 

Japanese-honeysuckle, 

MAGNOLIA  FAMILY,  20 

Gymnanthes,  60 

128 

MAGNOLIACEAE,  20 

GYMNOSPERMAE,  1 

Jasminum,  108 

Mahoe,  77 

Jatropha,  61 

MALACEAE,  28 

Halesia,  105 

Jerusalem-cherry,  111 

Malache,  76 

HAMAMELIDACEAE,  24 

Jerusalem-thorn,   47 

Malapoena,  85 

Hamamelis,  24 

Jew-bush,  62 

Male-berry,  97 

Hamelia,  124 

Joe-wood,  101 

MALLOW  FAMILY,  75 

Harrisia,  82 

JOE-  WOOD  FAMILY,  101 

MALPIGHIACEAE,  53 

Haw,  30 

Judas-tree,  46 

MALPIGHIA  FAMILY,  53 

HAZEL-NUT  FAMILY,  10 

Julibrissin,  45 

MALVACEAE,  75 

HEATH  FAMILY,  92 

JUNIPERACEAE,   2 

MALVALES,  75 

HEDERACEAE,  91 

JUNIPER  FAMILY,  2 

Mangrove,  90 

He-huckleberry,  65 

MANGROVE  FAMILY,  89 

Heliotrope,  115 

Kalmia,  94 

Manihot,  61 

HELIOTROPE  FAMILY,  114 

Kalmiella,  94 

Marlberry,  101 

HELIOTROPIACEAE,  114 

Kraunhia,  50 

Marsh-elder,  130 

Heliotropium,  114 

Krugiodendron,  70 

Matrimony-vine,   112 

Hercules  '-club,  54,  91 

Krug's-holly,  66 

May-cherry,  29 

Hibiscus,  76 

May-haw,  32 

Hippocratea,  68 

Lagerstroemia,  86 

Maytenus,  67 

HIPPOCRATEA  FAMILY,  68 

Laguncularia,  87 

MEADOW-BEAUTY  FAMILY, 

HlPPOCRATEACEAE,    68 

LAMIACEAE,  118 

86 

138 


INDEX. 


Meibomia,  52 
MELASTOMACEAE,  86 
Metopium,  63 
MEZEREON  FAMILY,  83 
Milk-tree,  60 
MIMOSA  FAMILY,  44 

MlMOSACEAE,   44 

Mimusops,  104 
MINT  FAMILY,  118 
Mistletoe,   121 
MISTLETOE  FAMILY,  121 
Mock-orange,  23,  44 
Mohrodendron,  105 
Momisia,  15 

MONOCOTYLEDONES,    2 

Moose-wood,  84 
Morinda,  126 
MORNING-GLORY   FAMILY, 

110 

Morus,  13 
Mountain-laurel,  94 
Mulberry,  13 
MULBERRY  FAMILY,  13 
Muscadine,  74 
Muscadinia,  74 
Myrica,  8 
MYRICACEAE,  8 
MYRICALES,  8 
MYRTLE  FAMILY,  87 
Myrtle-leaved  holly,  66 
Myrtle-of-the-river,    89 
Myrsine,   101 
MYRSINE  FAMILY,  101 
MYRTACEAE,  87 
MYRTALES,  85 

Naked-stopper,  88 
Naked-wood,  72 
Nash  's-viburnum,    128 
Needle-palm,  5 
Neopieris,  96 
Nerium,  110 
New-Jersey  tea,  72 
Nicker,  48 

Nightblooming-eereus,  82 
Nightblooming-jessamine, 

112 

Nightshade,  111 
Ninebark,   25 
Nintooa,  128 
NYSSACEAE,  90 

Oak,  11 

OAK  FAMILY,  11 

Ocotea,  85 

Odorless  wax-myrtle,  8 

OLACACEAE,  121 

Old-field  plum,  44 

Old-man's  beard,  23,  108 


OLEACEAE,  106 

POLEMONIALES,   110 

OLEALES    106 

Polycodium,  99 

Oleander,  110 

POLYGONACEAE,  15 

OLIVE  FAMILY,  106 

POLYGONALES,  15 

Opulaster,  24 

Pomegranate,  87 

Opuntia,  8*2 

POMEGRANATE      FAMILY.. 

OPUNTIACEAE,  81 

87 

OPUNTIALES,  81 

Pond-apple,  20 

Osmanthus,  108 

Pond-spice,  85 

Osmia,  131 

Pop-ash,  107 

Ostrya,  10 

Possum-haw,  128 

Otaheite-gooseberry,    59 

POTATO  FAMILY,  111 

Oxydendron,  97 

Potato-tree,  112 

Prairie-rose,  27 

Paederia,  126 

Prickly-ash,  54,  91 

PALM  FAMILY,  3 

Prickly-pear,  82 

Palma-Christi,  61 

PRIMULALES,  100 

Palmetto,  4 

Princewood,  123 

PAPAVERALES,  21 

Prunus,  43 

Papaw,  19 

Psidium,   89 

Paritium,  77 

Psychotria,  125 

Parkinsonia,  47 

Ptelea,  54 

Parosela,  51 

Punica,  87 

Parsley-haw,  31 

PUNICACEAE,  87 

Paurotis,  4 

Pycnothymus,  118 

Pavonia,   76 

Pavonia,  76 

QUASSIA  FAMILY,  56 

Peacock-flower,  47 

Queen-root,  60 

PEA  FAMILY,  48 

Queen  's-delight,  60 

Pedilanthus,   62 

Quercus,  11 

Pepper,  112 

Pepperbush,  91 

EAGWEED  FAMILY,  130- 

Pepper-vine,   75 

EANALES,  18 

Pepper-wood,  54 

Eandia,  124 

Persimmon,  102 

EANUNCULACEAE,  18 

Petiveria,  17 

Eapanea,  101 

PETIVERIA  FAMILY,  16 

Easpberry,  25 

PETIVERIACEAE,  16 

Bed-bird  flower,  62 

Philadelphus,  23 

Eed-buckeye,  69 

Phoradendron,  121 

Bed-bud,  46 

Picramnia,  57 

Bed-ironwood,  71 

Pigeon-plum,  16 

Bed-root,  72 

PlNALES,  2 

Bed-titi,  65 

Pinckneya,  123 

Beynosea,  71 

Pinxter-flower,  93 

Bhacoma,  67 

Pipevine,   129 

EHAMNALES,  70 

Pisonia,  17 

Bhamnus,  71 

PISONIA  FAMILY,  17 

Bhapidophyllum,  4 

Pithecolobium,  45 

BHINANTHACEAE,  119- 

Plum,  43 

Bhizophora,  89 

PLUM  FAMILY,  43 

BHIZOPHORACEAE,  89 

POACEAE,   3 

Bhododendron,  94 

POALES,  2 

Bhus,  64 

Poinciana,  47 

Bicinus,  61 

Poison-ivy,  63 

Eosa,  26 

Poison-oak,  63 

BOSACEAE,  24 

Poison-sumac,  64 

EOSALES,  22 

Poison-wood,  63 

EOSE  FAMILY,  24 

Polecat-geranium,  116 

Bose-of-Sharon,  76 

INDEX. 


Rough-strongback,    114 

SENNA  FAMILY,  46 

Bough  velvet-seed,  125 

Serenoa,  4 

Royal-poinciana,  47 

Service-berry,  29 

KUBIACEAE,   122 

Seven-year  apple,  124 

RUBIALES,  122 

Shoe-black  plant,  76 

Rubus,  25 

Shore-bay,  84 

EUE  FAMILY,  53 

Shrub,  28 

Running-oak,  13 

Shrub  yellow-root,   19 

Russelia,  119 

Shrubby-althaea,  76 

RUTACEAE,  53 

Shrubby-trefoil.   54 

Silk-bay,  84 

Sabal,  4 

Silverbell-tree,  105 

Sabina,  2 

Silver-palm,  4 

Saffron-plum,   103 

SlMAROUBACEAE,   56 

Sageretia,  71 

Small-cane,  3 

SAGO-PALM  FAMILYS  1 

Small-fruited  cocoa-plum, 

St.  Andrew's  Cross,  79 

43 

St.  John's-wort,  79 

Small-fruited  haw,  32 

ST.  JOHN  'S-WORT  FAMILY. 

Small  post-oak,  12 

78 

Small-viburnum,  128 

St.  Peter  's-wort,  79 

SMILACACEAE,  5 

SALICACEAE,  9 

Smilax,  5 

SALICALES,  8 

SMILAX  FAMILY,  7 

Salicornia,  16 

Smooth-alder,  11 

Salt-wort,   17 

Snowberry,  125 

SALT-WORT  FAMILY,  17 

Snow-bush,  59 

Sambucus,  127 

Snowdrop-tree,  105 

Samphire,  16 

Soapberry,  70 

SANTALALES,  120 

SOAPBERRY  FAMILY,  69 

SAPINDACEAE,  69 

SOLANACEAE,   111 

SAPINDALES,  62 

Solanum,  111 

Sapindus,  69 

Sophora,  49 

Sapium,  60 

Sorrel-tree,  98 

SAPODILLA  FAMILY,  102 

Sour-wood,  98 

SAPOTACEAE,  102 

Southern   black-haw,   128 

Satinleaf,  103 

Southern  fox-grape,  74 

Satin-woodj  54 

Southern  red-cedar,  2 

Savia,  58 

Southern-sumac,  64 

Savin,  2 

Spanish-jessamine,  108 

Saw  cabbage-palm,  4 

Spanish-stopper,  88 

Saw-palmetto,  4 

Sparkleberry,  99 

Scaevola,  130 

SPERMATOPHYTA,  1 

Schaefferia,  68 

Spice-bush,  85 

Schizandra,  21 

Spicewood,  89 

Schmaltzia,  64 

SPIGELIACEAE,  108 

Schoepfia,   122 

SPONDIACEAE,  63 

Scrub  live-oak,  12 

Spurge,  61 

Scrub-oak,  12 

SPURGE  FAMILY,  57 

Scrub-palmetto,  4 

Squaw-huckleberry,  99 

Scuppernong,  74 

STAFF-TREE  FAMILY,  67 

Sea-ash,  54 

Stagger-bush,  97 

Sea-grape,  16 

Star-anise,  21 

Sea-island  cotton,  77 

Stillingia,  60 

Sea-lavender,  114 

Stopper,  88 

Seaside-mahoe,  77 

Storax,  105 

Sebastiana,  60 

STORAX  FAMILY,  105 

Sebesten,  113 

Strawberry-bush,   67 

SEED-PLANTS,  1 

Strawberry-shrub,  28 

Senna,  46 

Stretchberry,  6 

Strongback,  114 
Strumpfia,  125 
Stuartia,  78 
STYRACACEAE,  105 
Styrax,  105 
SUMAC  FAMILY,  63 
Supple-jaek,  71 
Suriana,  56 
SURIANACEAE,    56 

Svida,  90 
Swamp-ash,  107 
Swamp-azalea,  94 
Swamp -bay,  21,  85 
Swamp-candleberry,  8 
Swamp-loosestrife,  87 
Swamp  red-bay,  85 
Swamp-rose,  27 
Sweet-bay,  21 
Sweetleaf,  105 

SWEETLEAF    FAMILY,    104 

Sweet-orange,  56 
Sweet-pepperbush,  92 
Sweet-shrub,  28 
SYMPLOCOCACEAE,  104 
Symplocos,  105 

Tallow-wood,  122 
Tamala,  84 
TAMARICACEAE,  78 
Tamarisk,  78 
TAMARISK  FAMILY,  78 
Tamarix,  78 
Toxicodendron,  63 
Tecoma,  120 
TERMINALLY CEAE,  87 
Tetrazygia,  86 
THEACEAE,  78 
THEOPHRASTACEAE,  101 
Thespesia,  77 
TJievetia,  110 
THISTLE  FAMILY,  130 
Thunderwood,  64 
THYMELEALES,  83 
Tick-trefoil,  52 
Titi,  65 

TITI  FAMILY,  64 
Toothache-tree,  54 
Torchwood,  55 
Torrubia,  18 
Tough-buckthorn,  104 
Tournefortia,  114 
Trailing-arbutus,  98 
Tree-huckleberry,  99 
Trema,  14 
Triphasia,  55 
Trumpet-creeper,  120 
TRUMPET-CREEPER     FAM- 
ILY, 120 
Trumpet-flower,  110,  120 


140 


INDEX. 


Trumpet-honeysuckle,  129 
Turnera,   81 
TUENEEA  FAMILY,  81 

TUENERACEAE,   81 

Twin-oak,  12 

ULMACEAE,  14 
Upland  willow-oak,  13 
UBTICALES,  13 

VACCINIACEAE,  98 
Vaccinium,  99 
Vachellia,  46 
Vallesia,  109 
Varronia,  113 
Velvet-seed,  125 
VEKBENACEAE,  115 
VERVAIN  FAMILY,  115 
Viburnum,  127 
Virginia-creeper,  75 
Virginia-willow,   24 
VIRGINIA- WILLOW  FAMLY, 
23 

VlTACEAE,  72 

Vitex,  117 
Vitis,  73 


Wafer-ash,  54 
Ward  Vwillow,  9 
Water-ash,  107 
Wax-myrtle,  8 
West-Indian    cherry,   44 
West-Indian  trema,  15 
White-alder,   91 
WHITE-ALDER  FAMILY,  91 
White-buttonwood,   87 
WHITE-MANGROVE     FAM- 
ILY, 87 

White-stopper,  88 
White-titi,  65 
Whitewood,  59,  122 
Wicky,  95 
Wild-coffee,  72,  126 
Wild-cotton,    77 
Wild-dilly    104 
Wild-fig,  14 
Wild-honeysuckle,  93 
Wild-lime,  54 
Wild-olive,  108 
Willow,  9 
WILLOW  FAMILY,  9 
Winterberry,  66 
Wisteria,  50 


Witch-hazel,  24 
WITCH-HAZEL  FAMILY,  24 
Woodbine,  129 

Xanthorrhiza,  18 
Ximenia,  122 
XIMENIA  FAMILY,  121 
Xolisma,  97 
Xylophylla,  58 

Yaupon,  67- 
Yellow-elder,  120 
Yellow-jessamine,  109 
Yellow-nicker,  48 
Yellow-oleander,  110 
Yellow-opopanax,  46 
Yellow     trumpet-flower, 

120 
Yellow-wood,  54,  68 

Zamia,  1 

Zanthoxylum,  54 
Zenobia,  95 
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE,   53 


ANNOUNCEMENT 

DESCRIPTIVE  FLORAS 

BY  JOHN  KUNKEL,  SMALL,  PH.D.,  Sc.D. 

Flora  of  the  Southeastern  United  States.    First  Edition.    .    .    $5.00 

Prepaid  Expressage  (Special  rate)  52  cents  extra 
Contains  descriptions  of  the  seed-plants,  ferns  and  fern-allies  growing 
naturally  in  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida.  Ten- 
nessee, Alabama,  Mississippi,  Arkansas,  Louisiana,  and  the  Indian 
Territory,  and  in  Oklahoma  and  Texas  east  of  the  one-hundredth 
meridian.  With  analytical  keys  to  the  species  and  higher  plant- 
groups,  habitats,  and  general  geographical  distribution . 

Flora  of  the  Southeastern  United  States.    Second  Edition, 

revised  and  enlarged $4.00 

Prepaid  Expressage  (Special  rate)  52  cents  extra 

Flora  of  Miami      $2.15 

Contains  descriptions  of  the  seed-plants  growing  naturally  in  the 
Everglades,  southern  peninsular  Florida,  with  analytical  keys  to  the 
species  and  higher  plant-groups.  Habitats  and  extra-limital  geo- 
graphical distribution  for  the  Florida  Keys  and  West  Indies  are  given. 

Flora  of  Lancaster  County $2.25 

Contains  descriptions  of  the  seed-plants  growing  naturally  in  Lan- 
caster County,  Pennsylvania.  A  field-book  with  analytical  keys  to 
the  species  and  higher  plant-groups,  habitats,  and  geographical  and 
geological  distribution  of  species.  (In  collaboration  with  J.  J.  CABTEK.) 

Florida  Trees $1.10 

A  hand  book  of  the  native  and  naturalized  trees  of  Florida,  with  ana- 
lytical keys  to  the  species  and  higher  plant-groups,  notes  on  the 
habitats,  and  geographical  distribution  within  the  state,  and  reference 
to  the  continental  and  West  Indian  distribution  of  the  species. 

Flora  of  the  Florida  Keys ,    .    .    $2.15 

Contains  descriptions  of  the  seed-plants  growing  naturally  on  the 
islands  of  the  Florida  reef,  from  Virginia  Key  to  Tortugas,  with  analyt- 
ical keys  to  the  species  and  higher  plant-groups,  habitats  of  the 
species,  and  geographical  distribution,  and  reference  to  the  occurrence 
of  the  species  on  the  Everglade  Keys  and  in  the  West  Indies. 

Shrubs  of  Florida $1.10 

A  hand-book  containing  descriptions  of  the  native  and  naturalized 
shrubs  of  Florida,  with  analytical  keys  to  the  species  and  higher 
plant-groups,  also  habitats  and  geographical  distribution  of  the 
species  within  the  state,  and  reference  to  the  occurance  of  the  species 
on  continental  North  America  and  i  n  the  West  Indies. 

A  Monograph  of  the  North  American  Species  of  the 

Genus  Polygonum $6.00 

Contains  descriptions  of  the  species  of  the  genus  Polygonum  growing 
naturally  in  North  America,  with  analytical  keys.  Quarto,  with  178 
pages,  and  84  full  page  plates,  69  plates  illustrating  the  species,  and 
15  plates  illustrating  the  comparative  anatomy  of  the  stem. 

Remit  by  P.  0.  or  Express  Money  Order,  or  Draft  on  N.  Y. 
Subscriptions  may  be  sent  to 

JOHN  K.  SMALL 

Perry  Avenue  and  207th  Street 

Bedford  Park.  New  York  City 


THE  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Santa  Barbara 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW. 


000906647     3 


